Mimosa pudica L., a pantropical medicinal herb rich in polyphenols, but also containing the non-protein amino acid mimosine with known cytotoxic properties, is a case for xenobiotic pharmacology, yet its safety profile remains inadequately characterized. In this study, we quantified the major metabolite classes of an aqueous decoction of M. pudica aerial parts, evaluated its in vitro hemocompatibility in human erythrocytes, and assessed its antioxidant activity using five cell-free assays. We also employed computational tools (ADMETlab 3.0, ProTox 3.0, SwissTargetPrediction, and InflamNat) to predict ADMET properties, toxicity alerts, and potential protein targets. The decoction showed high phenolic (316.41 ± 19.58 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (122.99 ± 12.78 mg QE/g) contents, with mimosine levels of 2.11 ± 0.13 mg/g. Antioxidant activity was concentration-dependent, with the lowest IC₅₀ in the DPPH• assay (0.23 ± 0.02 mg/mL). Hemolysis remained below 9% at all tested concentrations (0.2–1.0 mg/mL), with an HC₅₀ > 1.0 mg/mL, consistent with biocompatibility criteria for plant extracts. In silico predictions indicated that most of flavonoids and phenolic acids complied with Lipinski's rule and showed a favorable oral bioavailability, but also, significant CYP450 inhibition and alerts for genotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Predicted molecular targets included redox-modulatory proteins such as AKR1B1, XDH, NOX4, and GSK3B. Collectively, our results demonstrate that M. pudica is a complex mixture of xenobiotics with antioxidant effects, and suggest benefits and risks associated to their individual constituents. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate these predictions and to determine whether M. pudica can be developed into safe and effective nutraceutical or pharmaceutical preparations.