The influence of chilling period hours and accumulative photo-thermal unit at different base temperatures, 10, 11, 13, 15, and 18 °C, on the flowering of strawberry was examined in Sana’a University-Yemen during two seasons: 2006 and 2007. The randomized complete block design (RCBD) field experiment was designed with 5 chilling hours (CHs) periods (0, 360, 750, 1080, and 1440 CHs under 2 ± 1 °C), with four replicates each. Accumulative photo-thermal unit (PTU) was calculated for every treatment at different base temperatures for two stages: (i) from planting date to the flower opening (THA) and (ii) from planting date until the end of 2 months (THB). The results revealed that the plants treated with 1080 h of chilling produced flowers with about 55.12% and 61.97% earlier when compared with control (without chilling) in both the seasons, respectively. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that both CHs and the accumulative PTU THA13 (in the first season) and CH plus THA10 (in the second season) have significant effect on days until flower opening, in which the majority effect was related to the chilling period. The effect of chilling period and accumulative PTU at 18 °C (THB18) had s significant influence (p < 0.05) on the number of early flower per plant, with about r ² = 0.250 and r ² = 0.536 in both the seasons, respectively, and r ² = 0.531 and r ² =0.740 for the total effect of both CH and THB18, respectively. However, the exposure of plants to the long period of chilling (1080 and 1440 h) led the plants to produce runners and break up the flowering stage after 9 and 11 weeks in both the seasons, respectively. Meanwhile, plants that received 360-h chilling produced significantly highest (p < 0.05) total number of flowers (24.83 per plant), with about 71.2% higher than that produced by control plants. Moreover, in the second season, plants treated with 750-h chilling produced the significantly higher total number of flowers per plant, with about 50.3% higher than that of the control. Meanwhile, the 360-h and 750-h chilling periods have similar effect on the number of flowers per plant in the second season. The result showed that the starch level in the crown significantly positively correlated with the days to flower opening (r ² = 0.415, p = 0.05) and negatively correlated with the number of early flower (r ² = 0.587, p = 0.01). The data from this study might be used for the management of strawberry production.

The relationship between the strawberry crown content (Carbohydrates and Nitrogen) and the accumulated neutral chilling hours, moreover, the changing rate of content as affected by artificial cold storage was investigated in Sana’a University. Strawberry Seedling was digging at the three different periods during winter season. Crown carbohydrates and nitrogen was analysis at the time of digging and after cold storage. The result indicated that; increasing chilling hours led to increasing crown contents of all types of carbohydrate and no significant on nitrogen level. Changing rates occurs in seedling was calculated to seedling as effect of Cold storage, during the digging date (natural chilling) and between digging date and after storage. This study concluded that: Natural chilling more effective than that carried out using cold storage in the dark. The cold storage at 2 Cᵒ only suggested for short period, but not as an alternative the natural chilling. The data from this study could use for mange strawberry in nursery.

Purpose: Cucumber is a very sensitive plant even under standard conditions, and its fruit, reaches the harvest stage rapidly. In addition to, in Yemen a lot of fertilizer and fungicide chemical have used during the production. For this purpose, effect of exogenously applied of bio-stimulators (humic acid and yeast) was examined. Research method: Cucumber HATEM F1 Cultivar was used as plant material. Plants were grown during the clean horticulture practices under polyethylene greenhouse condition. The experiment designed as completely randomized blocks design (RCBD). Humic acid at 0, 100 and 300 mg L-1, as well as yeast at 0, 2000 and 4000 mg L-1, sprayed once alone or in combination. Findings: As compared to control, humic at 100 mg L-1 alone increased the yield about 14.88%. Yeast at 4000 mg L-1 alone offered the significantly (P≤0.05) highest of the plant (88.2%) and higher yield (91.00%). Yeast at 2000 mg L-1 significantly increased leaves DM% (26.6%). Yeast significantly increases chlorophyll SPAD. The interaction of 100 humic × 4000 mg L-1 of yeast increased the yield by 168.26% than the control. Research limitations: Further studies were needed to clarify the interaction effect of both substances by using the higher modern technique. Originality/Value: The finding obtained from this study could probably use to manage and successfully applied to the production of organic cucumber. Moreover, it could be suggested that the combination between yeast at 4000 mg L-1 and humic at 100 mg L-1 is the best for the productivity of cucumber.

Aims: To discover the resistance of the Yemeni genotype of fenugreek to salt stress and the impact of salicylic acid on alleviating salt stress. Study Design: The experimental design adopted a completely randomized block design (RCBD), with pots filled with a 1:2 mixture of sand and soil serving as the experimental units. Place and Duration of Study: in a mini greenhouse covered with white polyethylene plastic sheet at Taiz University during the spring season 2021. The average temperature ranged from 32 ℃ during the day to 29 ℃ at night. chemical analyses were performed at the pharmaceutical laboratory in Al-Saeed University. Methodology: The fenugreek genotype was subjected to varying salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM) and the impact of salicylic acid (at concentrations of 0, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/l) in alleviating salt stress effects was examined at two time points: 15 and 30 days after 2 weeks of germination. Results: Increasing salinity significantly reduced shoot and root length and exhibited slight fluctuations influenced by salinity levels above 100 mM. Salicylic acid (SA) significantly reduced shoot length but had no effect on root length. Salinity had no appreciable effect on shoot dry matter (SDM%), while the application of SA significantly decreased it. Root dry matter percentage (RDM%) showed a notable and sharp increase with salinity. However, no appreciable changes in RDM% were observed in response to the SA application. In response to salinity, the ratio of SDM% to RDM% in treated plants decreased sharply, with the lowest ratio achieved when 0.1 SA was used for treatment. There were no significant modifications observed in the amounts of photosynthetic pigments in fenugreek leaves, including chl a, chl b and total chl. Nevertheless, using high concentration of Nacl led to a signifcantly reduced in the carotenoids and the chl. b. The protein content of fenugreek plants treated with salt was much higher than that of control plants. Also, protein levels increased with SA treatment across all NaCl concentration. Proline levels sharply increased with rising salinity, reaching a peak in approximately 22.28 ug/g DW. Application of 0.1 SA led to the highest proline level in comparison to other treatments, which was the highest level of Nacl in the second measurement time. Proline levels in plants treated with 200 Nacl and 0.1 SA were the highest, averaging roughly recorded 49.95 ug/g DW. APX significantly affected on fenugreek plants, the highest APX content was found in plants treated with 50 mM NaCl, the application of 0.1 SA produced the highest level of APX (0.373nm/g protein/minuet) in fenugreek. Catalase (CA) levels significantly decreased, but SA application did not affect CA levels. The data obtained may help in determining fenugreek cultivation areas and in managing breeding programs.

Schinus molle leaves, compost (SLC) incorporated with soil at different volume rates contrasted with control (soil alone), intending to improve and stimulating strawberry growth. Anecdotal accounts of SLC for these purposes the experiment has examined the impacts of SLC on strawberry growth and production responses. This research assessed the impacts of a six volume% (v: v) rates of SLC combined with soil at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 of growing medium (field soil). The pots RCBD experiment included four replicates designed at the faculty of agriculture, Sana’a University. Plants cultivated in 20% SLC was significantly (p<0.05) greater than control (field soil) in leaf area, yield, fruit weight and crown DM% by about 12.8% 25.8%, 20.4% and 101.6% subsequently. Meanwhile, transplants grown in 80 and 100% SLC developed the highest quantity of crowns and longer of peduncle. Transplants grown in 60% SLC was the poorest of flower number per plant measured with other treatments. Plants in 100% SLC showed the significantly downer of a DM% in the roots and crown parts 65.3% and 82.7% lower than control, respectively, nevertheless, composed the significantly greater 50.4% of fruit TSS than the control treatment. The variation between the SLC rates on the root characters showed that the 100% SLC increased the roots network volume cm³, root length cm2 root surface area cm², specific root length cm. This study illustrates the benefit of that application SLC.