As the second largest island in Japan, Hokkaido provides precious land resources for the Japanese people. Meanwhile, as the food base of Japan, the gradual decrease of the agricultural population and more intensive agricultural practices on Hokkaido have led its arable land use to change year by year, which has also caused changes to the whole land use pattern of the entire island of Hokkaido. To realize the sustainable use of land resources in Hokkaido, past and future changes in land use patterns must be investigated, and target-based land use planning suggestions should be given on this basis. This study uses remote sensing and GIS technology to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of land use in Hokkaido during the past two decades. The types of land use include cultivated land, forest, waterbody, construction, grassland, and others, by using the satellite images of the Landsat images in 2000, 2010, and 2019 to achieve this goal to make classification. In addition, this study used the coupled Markov-FLUS model to simulate and analyze the land use changes in three different scenarios in Hokkaido in the next 20 years. Scenario-based situational analysis shows that the cultivated land in Hokkaido will drop by about 25% in 2040 under the natural development scenario (ND), while the cultivated land area in Hokkaido will remain basically unchanged in cultivated land protection scenario (CP). In forest protection scenario (FP), the area of forest in Hokkaido will increase by 1580.8 km². It is believed that the findings reveal that the forest land in Hokkaido has been well protected in the past and will be protected well in the next 20 years. However, in land use planning for future, Hokkaido government and enterprises should pay more attention to the protection of cultivated land.

Perovskites have attracted increasing attention because of their excellent physical and chemical properties in various fields, exhibiting a universal formula of ABO₃ with matching compatible sizes of A-site and B-site cations. In this work, four different prediction models of machine learning algorithms, including support vector regression based on radial basis kernel function (SVM-RBF), ridge regression (RR), random forest (RF), and back propagation neural network (BPNN), are established to predict the formation energy, thermodynamic stability, crystal volume, and oxygen vacancy formation energy of perovskite materials. Combined with the fitting diagrams of the predicted values and DFT calculated values, the results show that SVM-RBF has a smaller bias in predicting the crystal volume. RR has a smaller bias in predicting the thermodynamic stability. RF has a smaller bias in predicting the formation energy, crystal volume, and thermodynamic stability. BPNN has a smaller bias in predicting the formation energy, thermodynamic stability, crystal volume, and oxygen vacancy formation energy. Obviously, different machine learning algorithms exhibit different sensitivity to data sample distribution, indicating that we should select different algorithms to predict different performance parameters of perovskite materials.

The SDGSAT-1 satellite, independently developed and launched by China, features a higher spatial resolution in its Glimmer Imager (GLI) data than the currently widely used nighttime light (NTL) remote sensing data, making it possible for high-precision extraction of urban built-up areas (UBAs). However, recent empirical studies have revealed that the higher resolution of the NTL data does not inherently guarantee enhanced accuracy of the UBA extraction, as urban morphology and city scale significantly influence the performance. Therefore, comprehensively investigating the UBA extraction performance of NTL data across cities with different morphologies and scales offers valuable guidance for optimizing urban remote sensing methodologies in diverse city contexts. Across 15 representative cities with various urban characteristics in China, this study conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the UBA extraction performance of SDGSAT-1 GLI data for the first time, with the NPP-VIIRS NTL data for comparison, and discussed how urban morphology and city scale affect the performance in UBA extraction. The results indicated that (1) In cities with different morphologies, the UBA extraction performance of SDGSAT-1 data follows from high to low: striped cities, clustered cities, and agglomerate cities. In cities with different scales, the UBA extraction performance of SDGSAT-1 data is megacities > super cities > medium cities > small cities > large cities. (2) Compared with NPP-VIIRS data, SDGSAT-1's performance in UBA extraction is not always superior and varies with the urban morphology and city scale as well as the extraction method, which necessitates context-sensitive selection for NTL data and method in UBA extraction.

Global climate fluctuations pose challenges not only to natural environments but also to the conservation and transmission of human cultural and historical heritage. World Heritage Sites are pivotal regions for studying climate change impacts and devising adaptation strategies, with remote sensing technology showcasing significant utility in monitoring these impacts, especially in the Mediterranean region’s diverse and sensitive climate context. Although existing work has begun to explore the role of remote sensing in monitoring the effects of climate change, detailed analysis of the spatial distribution and temporal trends of landscape stability remains limited. Leveraging remote sensing data and its derived products, this study assessed climate change impacts on the Causses and Cévennes Heritage Site, a typical Mediterranean heritage landscape. Specifically, this study utilized remote sensing data to analyze the trends in various climatic factors from 1985 to 2020. The landscape stability model was developed utilizing land cover information and landscape indicators to explore the landscape stability and its distribution features within the study area. Finally, we adopted the Geographical Detector to quantify the extent to which climatic factors influence the landscape stability’s spatial distribution across different periods. The results demonstrated that (1) the climate showed a warming and drying pattern during the study period, with distinct climate characteristics in different zones. (2) The dominance of woodland decreased (area proportion dropped from 76% to 66.5%); transitions primarily occurred among woodland, cropland, shrubland, and grasslands; landscape fragmentation intensified; and development towards diversification and uniformity was observed. (3) Significant spatiotemporal differences in landscape stability within the heritage site were noted, with an overall downward trend. (4) Precipitation had a high contribution rate in factor detection, with the interactive enhancement effects between temperature and precipitation being the most prominent. The present study delivers a thorough examination of how climate change affects the Causses and Cévennes Heritage Landscape, reveals its vulnerabilities, and offers crucial information for sustainable conservation efforts. Moreover, the results offer guidance for the preservation of similar Mediterranean heritage sites and contribute to the advancement and deepening of global heritage conservation initiatives.

For objects with arbitrary angles in optical remote sensing images, the oriented bounding box regression task often faces the problem of ambiguous boundaries between positive and negative samples. The statistical analysis of existing label assignment strategies reveals that anchors with low intersection-over-union (IoU) between ground truth (GT) may also accurately surround the GT after decoding. Therefore, this paper proposes an attention-based mean-max balance assignment (AMMBA) strategy, which consists of two parts: mean-max balance assignment (MMBA) strategy and balance feature pyramid with attention (BFPA). MMBA employs the Mean-max Assignment (MMA) and Balance Assignment (BA) to dynamically calculate a positive threshold and adaptively match better positive samples for each GT for training. Meanwhile, to meet the need of MMBA for more accurate feature maps, we construct a BFPA module, which integrates spatial and scale attention mechanisms to promote global information propagation. Combined with S2ANet, our AMMBA method can effectively achieve state-of-the-art performance, with a precision of 80.91% on the DOTA dataset in a simple plug-and-play fashion. Extensive experiments on three challenging optical remote sensing image datasets (DOTA-v1.0, HRSC, and DIOR-R) further demonstrate the balance between precision and speed in single-stage object detectors. Our AMMBA has enough potential to assist all existing remote sensing models in a simple way to achieve better detection performance. Code is available at https://github.com/promisekoloer/AMMBA.

Due to the periodic and dynamic changes of traffic flow and the spatial–temporal coupling interaction of complex road networks, traffic flow forecasting is highly challenging and rarely yields satisfactory prediction results. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology named the Augmented Multi-component Recurrent Graph Convolutional Network (AM-RGCN) for traffic flow forecasting by addressing the problems above. We first introduce the augmented multi-component module to the traffic forecasting model to tackle the problem of periodic temporal shift emerging in traffic series. Then, we propose an encoder–decoder architecture for spatial–temporal prediction. Specifically, we propose the Temporal Correlation Learner (TCL) which incorporates one-dimensional convolution into LSTM to utilize the intrinsic temporal characteristics of traffic flow. Moreover, we combine TCL with the graph convolutional network to handle the spatial–temporal coupling interaction of the road network. Similarly, the decoder consists of TCL and convolutional neural networks to obtain high-dimensional representations from multi-step predictions based on spatial–temporal sequences. Extensive experiments on two real-world road traffic datasets, PEMSD4 and PEMSD8, demonstrate that our AM-RGCN achieves the best results.