Brand equity is a valuable intangible asset for companies, yet is increasingly difficult in managing in an era with hard to control social media. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social media usage characteristics on electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM), trust, and brand equity by dividing the characteristics to personality, social, and information. A survey was administered to 430 respondents who had experience of using airline social media and the collected data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the personality and informational characteristics from social media usage had statistically significant effects on e-WOM. It was found that the e-WOM had significant effects on trust and also on brand awareness. The trust was shown to have a statistically significant effect on brand awareness and brand image. Therefore, this study categorizes social media usage characteristics into three characteristics: personality characteristics, social characteristics, and information characteristics, and each of these usage characteristics present a strategy to improve actual brand equity of airline through e-WOM and trust in empirical methods. The findings of this study are expected to provide fundamental data for the development of strategies related to airline social media. In addition, this study has implications for suggesting to improve brand equity through e-WOM and trust.

Spatial accessibility provides significant policy implications, describing the spatial disparity of access and supporting the decision-making process for placing additional infrastructure at adequate locations. Several previous reviews have covered spatial accessibility literature, focusing on empirical findings, distance decay functions, and threshold travel times. However, researchers have underexamined how spatial accessibility studies benefitted from the recently enhanced availability of dynamic variables, such as various travel times via different transportation modes and the finer temporal granularity of geospatial data in these studies. Therefore, in our review, we investigated methodological advancements in place-based accessibility measures and scrutinized two recent trends in spatial accessibility studies: multimodal spatial accessibility and temporal changes in spatial accessibility. Based on the critical review, we propose two research agendas: improving the accuracy of measurements with dynamic variable implementation and furnishing policy implications granted from the enhanced accuracy. These agendas particularly call for the action of geographers on the full implementation of dynamic variables and the strong linkage between accessibility and policymaking.

This paper analyzes the effects of airport self-service characteristics on behavioral intention through the perceived values and satisfaction in passengers based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with passengers having used self-service technologies (SSTs) at Incheon International Airport. A total of 400 questionnaires were then analyzed using structural equation modeling. Four SST factors—functionality, enjoyment, customization, and convenience—were found to have significant effects on behavioral intention through the perceived values and customer satisfaction. As for the moderating effects of self-efficacy and waiting time, significant differences were found in the effects of the airport self-service characteristics. The results of this study are expected to be useful as basic data to aid strategies to develop and improve SSTs at Incheon International Airport.

The implementation of temporal dynamic variables improves the accuracy of spatial accessibility measurements. However, in previous studies, the temporal dynamics were partially incorporated, and a few snapshots were subjectively selected to demonstrate temporal changes of spatial accessibility, which may not represent the entire variation. In this study, we proposed a conceptual framework to leverage spatial accessibility temporal fluctuation, facilitating decision-making. Not only was the full implementation of time-dependent inputs, but the framework also employed the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (G2SFCA) method and measured hourly spatial accessibility over 24 hours. Then, a temporal clustering with K-means and hierarchical clustering methods was performed, detecting a few distinctive temporal changes. Lastly, the significance of dynamic accessibility measurement and temporal clustering was validated using Pearson’s correlations. We took electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in Seoul, South Korea, as a case study. The results presented that neglecting temporal dynamics could fail to predict accessibility during the daytime. Additionally, temporal clustering summarized the 24-hour changes of accessibility into five temporal phases and showed the need for additional resources for insufficient accessibility locations in the afternoon. Consequently, our framework elicited the temporal changes of accessibility measures and identified a specific space and time for supplementary infrastructure.

Current NTSC systems employ an interlaced scan scheme where visually annoying artifacts, such as line flickers, large area flickers, and edge flickers, are inevitably generated and more objectionable with a larger display. With the development of HDTV systems, how an NTSC signal can be displayed in an HDTV system has also become a problem. Accordingly in order to solve these problems, many adaptive scan rate up-conversion systems have been proposed. The proposed system consists of a modified edge directional line averaging (ELA) interpolation module and contrast enhancement module. The modified ELA interpolation module reduces the visually annoying artifacts induced by an interlaced scan scheme whereas the degradation in the contrast and details due to interpolation processing is compensated by the contrast enhancement module. Moreover, the proposed system is easy to implement and the VLSI architecture is very simple. This new system was mainly developed for doubling the scan rate in an NTSC system; however, it can also be used in the format conversion in an HDTV system

The ultimate purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of perceived waiting time for airport security screening service had on airport image through the medium of passengers’ psychological and emotional responses. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in passengers using Incheon International Airport and Gimpo International Airport. A total of 294 questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Perceived waiting time was found to have statistically significant effects on wasted time, boredom, and neglect among the sub-factors for airline passengers’ psychological responses. Wasted time had a positive effect on negative emotional response and had a negative influence on acceptability. In addition, acceptability had a positive effect on airport image. The results of this study can be utilized not only as basic data for future airport security screening service research, but also have a positive impact on airport sustainability by increasing airport security and safety.