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A high worldwide SARS-CoV-2 vaccine coverage must be attained to stop the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we assessed the level of willingness of Mozambicans to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Data were collected between 11 and 20 March 2021, through a self-administered online survey. Of the 1878 respondents, 30.1% were healthcare workers, 58.3% were aged between 18 and 35 years, 60% were male, and 38.5% were single. Up to 43% had been tested for COVID-19 and 29% had tested positive. Overall vaccine acceptability was 71.4% (86.6% among healthcare workers, 64.8% among other respondents; p< 0.001). Reasons for vaccine hesitancy included: fear of vaccine side effects (29.6%) and the belief that the vaccine is not effective (52%). The acceptability of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine increased with increasing vaccine efficacy. Using logistic regression, determinants for acceptability of the vaccine were: older age, a past COVID-19 test, a concern of becoming (re)infected by COVID-19, having a chronic disease, and considering vaccination important for personal and community health. In conclusion, vaccine acceptability in Mozambique was relatively high among healthcare workers but significantly lower in the rest of the population. This suggests that there is a need to educate the general population about SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and its importance.
Janeth Dula; Alexandre Mulhanga; Armindo Nhanombe; Laurentino Cumbi; António Júnior; Joe Gwatsvaira; Joseph Fodjo; Edlaine Faria De Moura Villela; Sérgio Chicumbe; Robert Colebunders. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Its Determinants in Mozambique: An Online Survey. Vaccines 2021, 9, 828 .
AMA StyleJaneth Dula, Alexandre Mulhanga, Armindo Nhanombe, Laurentino Cumbi, António Júnior, Joe Gwatsvaira, Joseph Fodjo, Edlaine Faria De Moura Villela, Sérgio Chicumbe, Robert Colebunders. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Its Determinants in Mozambique: An Online Survey. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (8):828.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaneth Dula; Alexandre Mulhanga; Armindo Nhanombe; Laurentino Cumbi; António Júnior; Joe Gwatsvaira; Joseph Fodjo; Edlaine Faria De Moura Villela; Sérgio Chicumbe; Robert Colebunders. 2021. "COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Its Determinants in Mozambique: An Online Survey." Vaccines 9, no. 8: 828.
Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) involved in the COVID-19 response have a higher risk of experiencing psychosocial distress amidst the pandemic. Between July and September 2020, a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic appeared in Vietnam with Da Nang city being the epicenter. During the outbreak, HCWs were quarantined within the health facilities in a bid to limit the spread of COVID-19 to their respective communities. Using the stress component of the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), we assessed the level of stress among HCWs in Da Nang city. Between 30 August and 15 September 2020, 746 frontline HCWs were recruited to fill in an online structured questionnaire. Overall, 44.6% of participants experienced increased stress and 18.9% severe or extremely severe stress. In multivariable analysis, increased stress was associated with longer working hours (OR = 1.012; 95% CI: 1.004–1.019), working in health facilities providing COVID-19 treatment (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.04–2.39), having direct contact with patients or their bio-samples (physicians, nurses and laboratory workers; OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.02–1.99), low confidence in the available personal protective equipment (OR = 0.846; 95% CI: 0.744–0.962) and low knowledge on COVID-19 prevention and treatment (OR = 0.853; 95% CI: 0.739–0.986). In conclusion, many frontline HCWs experienced increased stress during the COVID-19 outbreak in Da Nang city. Reducing working time, providing essential personal protective equipment and enhancing the knowledge on COVID-19 will help to reduce this stress. Moreover, extra support is needed for HCWs who are directly exposed to COVID-19 patients.
Nhan Nguyen; Duong Le; Robert Colebunders; Joseph Siewe Fodjo; Trung Tran; Thang Vo. Stress and Associated Factors among Frontline Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Epicenter of Da Nang City, Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7378 .
AMA StyleNhan Nguyen, Duong Le, Robert Colebunders, Joseph Siewe Fodjo, Trung Tran, Thang Vo. Stress and Associated Factors among Frontline Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Epicenter of Da Nang City, Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (14):7378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNhan Nguyen; Duong Le; Robert Colebunders; Joseph Siewe Fodjo; Trung Tran; Thang Vo. 2021. "Stress and Associated Factors among Frontline Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Epicenter of Da Nang City, Vietnam." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7378.
Background The term Nodding Syndrome (NS) refers to an atypical and severe form of childhood epilepsy characterized by a repetitive head nodding (HN). The disease has been for a long time limited to East Africa, and the cause is still unknown. The objective of this study was to confirm the existence of NS cases in Central African Republic (CAR). Methodology/Principal findings This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in the general population. The identification of NS cases was conducted through a door-to-door survey in a village near Bangui along the Ubangui River. Based on Winkler’s 2008 and the World Health Organization (WHO)’s 2012 classifications, the confirmation of cases was done by a neurologist who also performed the electroencephalograms. No laboratory tests were done during this investigation. Treatment was offered to all patients. A total of 6,175 individuals was surveyed in 799 households. After reviewing the cases, we identified 5 NS cases in girls aged between 8 and 16. The age of onset of the seizures was between 5 and 12 years of age. Two cases were classified as "HN plus" according to Winkler’s 2008 classification. Four NS cases were classified as probable and one as confirmed according to the WHO’s 2012 classification. Three of them presented with developmental delay and cognitive decline, and one had an abnormally low height-for-age z-score. Electroencephalographic abnormalities were found in four patients. Conclusions/Significance Nodding Syndrome cases were described in CAR for the first time. Despite certain peculiarities, these cases are similar to those described elsewhere. Given that only a small part of the affected area was investigated, the study area along the Ubangui River needs to be expanded in order to investigate the association between Onchocerca volvulus and NS and also evaluate the real burden of NS in CAR.
Salvatore Metanmo; Farid Boumédiène; Pierre-Marie Preux; Robert Colebunders; Joseph N. Siewe Fodjo; Eric de Smet; Emmanuel Yangatimbi; Andrea S. Winkler; Pascal Mbelesso; Daniel Ajzenberg. First description of Nodding Syndrome in the Central African Republic. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021, 15, e0009430 .
AMA StyleSalvatore Metanmo, Farid Boumédiène, Pierre-Marie Preux, Robert Colebunders, Joseph N. Siewe Fodjo, Eric de Smet, Emmanuel Yangatimbi, Andrea S. Winkler, Pascal Mbelesso, Daniel Ajzenberg. First description of Nodding Syndrome in the Central African Republic. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2021; 15 (6):e0009430.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalvatore Metanmo; Farid Boumédiène; Pierre-Marie Preux; Robert Colebunders; Joseph N. Siewe Fodjo; Eric de Smet; Emmanuel Yangatimbi; Andrea S. Winkler; Pascal Mbelesso; Daniel Ajzenberg. 2021. "First description of Nodding Syndrome in the Central African Republic." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 6: e0009430.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers (HCW) have been subjected to greater workloads. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Brazilian HCW. Data were collected between 11 August and 1 November 2020. Of the 295 respondents, 95 (32.2%) were medical doctors, 82 (27.8%) administrative staff, 53 (18.0%) nurses, 27 (9.2%) laboratory staff, and 38 (12.9%) were other staff. COVID-19-related restructuring at the health facilities was reported by 207 (70.2%) respondents, and 69 (23.4%) had their tasks changed. Preventive measures were well respected when seeing suspected patients. Overall, 167 (56.6%) HCW screened positive for anxiety and 137 (46.4%) for depression; 109 (36.9%) screened positive for both conditions. Of the 217 (73.6%) HCW who had been tested for COVID-19, at least one positive result was reported in 49 (22.6%). Following a positive COVID-19 test, 45/49 (91.8%) stopped working and stayed home. In conclusion, we found a high incidence of COVID-19 infection among Brazilian HCW with high rates of anxiety and depression despite a good self-reported adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. As such, our study highlights the urgent need for interventions to mitigate the psychosocial risks HCW in Brazil encounter during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Edlaine Faria De Moura Villela; Izadora Rodrigues da Cunha; Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo; Michael Obimpeh; Robert Colebunders; Stijn Van Hees. Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers in Brazil between August and November 2020: A Cross-Sectional Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 6511 .
AMA StyleEdlaine Faria De Moura Villela, Izadora Rodrigues da Cunha, Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo, Michael Obimpeh, Robert Colebunders, Stijn Van Hees. Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers in Brazil between August and November 2020: A Cross-Sectional Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (12):6511.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdlaine Faria De Moura Villela; Izadora Rodrigues da Cunha; Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo; Michael Obimpeh; Robert Colebunders; Stijn Van Hees. 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers in Brazil between August and November 2020: A Cross-Sectional Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6511.
Most countries are currently gravitating towards vaccination as mainstay strategy to quell COVID-19 transmission. Between December 2020 and January 2021, we conducted a follow-up online survey in Somalia to monitor adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, and COVID-19 vaccine acceptability and reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Adherence was measured via a composite adherence score based on four measures (physical distancing, face mask use, hand hygiene, and mouth covering when coughing/sneezing). We analyzed 4543 responses (mean age: 23.5 ± 6.4 years, 62.4% males). The mean adherence score during this survey was lower than the score during a similar survey in April 2020. A total of 76.8% of respondents were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Flu-like symptoms were more frequently reported in the current survey compared to previous surveys. Multiple logistic regression showed that participants who experienced flu-like symptoms, those in the healthcare sector, and those with higher adherence scores had higher odds for vaccine acceptability while being a female reduced the willingness to be vaccinated. In conclusion, our data suggest that the decreasing adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures may have caused increased flu-like symptoms over time. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Somalia is relatively high but could be improved by addressing factors that contribute to vaccine hesitancy.
Mohammed Ahmed; Robert Colebunders; Abdi Gele; Abdiqani Farah; Shariff Osman; Ibraahim Guled; Aweis Abdullahi; Ahmed Hussein; Abdiaziz Ali; Joseph Siewe Fodjo. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Adherence to Preventive Measures in Somalia: Results of an Online Survey. Vaccines 2021, 9, 543 .
AMA StyleMohammed Ahmed, Robert Colebunders, Abdi Gele, Abdiqani Farah, Shariff Osman, Ibraahim Guled, Aweis Abdullahi, Ahmed Hussein, Abdiaziz Ali, Joseph Siewe Fodjo. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Adherence to Preventive Measures in Somalia: Results of an Online Survey. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (6):543.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed Ahmed; Robert Colebunders; Abdi Gele; Abdiqani Farah; Shariff Osman; Ibraahim Guled; Aweis Abdullahi; Ahmed Hussein; Abdiaziz Ali; Joseph Siewe Fodjo. 2021. "COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Adherence to Preventive Measures in Somalia: Results of an Online Survey." Vaccines 9, no. 6: 543.
Vaccination is fast becoming a key intervention against the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted cross-sectional online surveys to investigate COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across nine Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs; N = 10,183), assuming vaccine effectiveness at 90% and 95%. The prevalence of vaccine acceptance increased from 76.4% (90% effectiveness) to 88.8% (95% effectiveness). Considering a 90% effective vaccine, Malaysia, Thailand, Bangladesh, and five African countries (Democratic Republic of Congo, Benin, Uganda, Malawi, and Mali) had lower acceptance odds compared to Brazil. Individuals who perceived taking the vaccine as important to protect themselves had the highest acceptance odds (aOR 2.49) at 95% effectiveness.Vaccine acceptance was also positively associated with COVID-19 knowledge, worry/fear regarding COVID-19, higher income, younger age, and testing negative for COVID-19. However, chronic disease and female gender reduced the odds for vaccine acceptance. The main reasons underpinning vaccine refusal were fear of side effects (41.2%) and lack of confidence in vaccine effectiveness (15.1%). Further research is needed to identify country-specific reasons for vaccine hesitancy in order to develop mitigation strategies that would ensure high and equitable vaccination coverage across LMICs.
Suzanna Bono; Edlaine Faria De Moura Villela; Ching Siau; Won Chen; Supa Pengpid; M Hasan; Philippe Sessou; John Ditekemena; Bob Amodan; Mina Hosseinipour; Housseini Dolo; Joseph Siewe Fodjo; Wah Low; Robert Colebunders. Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: An International Survey among Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Vaccines 2021, 9, 515 .
AMA StyleSuzanna Bono, Edlaine Faria De Moura Villela, Ching Siau, Won Chen, Supa Pengpid, M Hasan, Philippe Sessou, John Ditekemena, Bob Amodan, Mina Hosseinipour, Housseini Dolo, Joseph Siewe Fodjo, Wah Low, Robert Colebunders. Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: An International Survey among Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (5):515.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuzanna Bono; Edlaine Faria De Moura Villela; Ching Siau; Won Chen; Supa Pengpid; M Hasan; Philippe Sessou; John Ditekemena; Bob Amodan; Mina Hosseinipour; Housseini Dolo; Joseph Siewe Fodjo; Wah Low; Robert Colebunders. 2021. "Factors Affecting COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance: An International Survey among Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Vaccines 9, no. 5: 515.
Objective Epilepsy is highly prevalent in onchocerciasis‐endemic African regions. Various types of epilepsy have been described in such regions based essentially on clinical characteristics. Methods We conducted a clinical, neurophysiological and neuropsychological study of epilepsy in the onchocerciasis‐endemic region of Ntui, Sanaga‐Mbamarea, Cameroon. Results One hundred and eighty‐seven persons with presumed epilepsy were recruited in an epilepsy clinic in Ntui. Epilepsy was clinically confirmed in 144 (79%) subjects, 69 (46.0%) of them met the onchocerciasis‐associated epilepsy (OAE) criteria and 51/106 tested (48.1%) presented OV16 antibodies. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded in 91 participants, of which 36 (33%) were considered abnormal and 27/36 (75%) revealed bifronto temporal spike and slow waves. Concerning the neuropsychological evaluation, 29% showed severe global cognitive impairment, 28% severe episodic memory impairment, and 66% severe frontal cognitive impairment. Half of the persons with epilepsy (PWE) suffered from a mental disorder. Significance In PWE in the Sanaga‐Mbam area in Cameroon, similar EEG patterns were observed as described among persons with OAE including nodding syndrome in other onchocerciasis endemic areas. Most PWE presented with severe cognitive impairment. We hypothesize that onchocerciasis may induce neurocognitive disorders and epilepsy via a mechanism that involves mainly the frontal and temporal regions of the brain.
Alexandre Morin; Maxime Guillaume; Leonard Ngarka; Tatah Y. Godwin; Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo; Guillaume Wyart; Ghislain Nokam; Thierry Tchoumi; Mary Bello Nkinin; Wepnyu Y. Njamnshi; Eric Chokote; Michel Boussinesq; Robert Colebunders; Cédric B. Chesnais; Gilles Gargala; Dominique Parain; Alfred K. Njamnshi. Epilepsy in the Sanaga‐Mbam valley, an onchocerciasis‐endemic region in Cameroon: electro‐clinical and neuropsychological findings. Epilepsia Open 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAlexandre Morin, Maxime Guillaume, Leonard Ngarka, Tatah Y. Godwin, Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo, Guillaume Wyart, Ghislain Nokam, Thierry Tchoumi, Mary Bello Nkinin, Wepnyu Y. Njamnshi, Eric Chokote, Michel Boussinesq, Robert Colebunders, Cédric B. Chesnais, Gilles Gargala, Dominique Parain, Alfred K. Njamnshi. Epilepsy in the Sanaga‐Mbam valley, an onchocerciasis‐endemic region in Cameroon: electro‐clinical and neuropsychological findings. Epilepsia Open. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandre Morin; Maxime Guillaume; Leonard Ngarka; Tatah Y. Godwin; Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo; Guillaume Wyart; Ghislain Nokam; Thierry Tchoumi; Mary Bello Nkinin; Wepnyu Y. Njamnshi; Eric Chokote; Michel Boussinesq; Robert Colebunders; Cédric B. Chesnais; Gilles Gargala; Dominique Parain; Alfred K. Njamnshi. 2021. "Epilepsy in the Sanaga‐Mbam valley, an onchocerciasis‐endemic region in Cameroon: electro‐clinical and neuropsychological findings." Epilepsia Open , no. : 1.
Intimate Partners’ Violence (IPV) is a public health problem with long-lasting mental and physical health consequences for victims and their families. As evidence has been increasing that COVID-19 lockdown measures may exacerbate IPV, our study sought to describe the magnitude of IPV in women and identify associated determinants. An online survey was conducted in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from 24 August to 8 September 2020. Of the 4160 respondents, 2002 eligible women were included in the data analysis. Their mean age was 36.3 (SD: 8.2). Most women (65.8%) were younger than 40 years old. Prevalence of any form of IPV was 11.7%. Being in the 30–39 and >50 years’ age groups (OR = 0.66, CI: 0.46–0.95; p = 0.026 and OR = 0.23, CI: 0.11–048; p < 0.001, respectively), living in urban setting (OR = 0.63, CI: 0.41–0.99; p = 0.047), and belonging to the middle socioeconomic class (OR = 0.48, CI: 0.29–0.79; p = 0.003) significantly decreased the odds for experiencing IPV. Lower socioeconomic status (OR = 1.84, CI: 1.04–3.24; p = 0.035) and being pregnant (OR = 1.63, CI: 1.16–2.29; p = 0.005) or uncertain of pregnancy status (OR = 2.01, CI: 1.17–3.44; p = 0.011) significantly increased the odds for reporting IPV. Additional qualitative research is needed to identify the underlying reasons and mechanisms of IPV in order to develop and implement prevention interventions.
John Ditekemena; Christophe Luhata; Hypolite Mavoko; Joseph Siewe Fodjo; Dalau Nkamba; Wim Van Damme; Shahul Ebrahim; Christiana Noestlinger; Robert Colebunders. Intimate Partners Violence against Women during a COVID-19 Lockdown Period: Results of an Online Survey in 7 Provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5108 .
AMA StyleJohn Ditekemena, Christophe Luhata, Hypolite Mavoko, Joseph Siewe Fodjo, Dalau Nkamba, Wim Van Damme, Shahul Ebrahim, Christiana Noestlinger, Robert Colebunders. Intimate Partners Violence against Women during a COVID-19 Lockdown Period: Results of an Online Survey in 7 Provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (10):5108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Ditekemena; Christophe Luhata; Hypolite Mavoko; Joseph Siewe Fodjo; Dalau Nkamba; Wim Van Damme; Shahul Ebrahim; Christiana Noestlinger; Robert Colebunders. 2021. "Intimate Partners Violence against Women during a COVID-19 Lockdown Period: Results of an Online Survey in 7 Provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5108.
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictive measures implemented may considerably affect people’s lives. This study aimed to assess the well-being of Vietnamese people after COVID-19 lockdown measures were lifted and life gradually returned to normal. An online survey was organized from 21 to 25 April 2020 among Vietnamese residents aged 18 and over. The survey was launched by the Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy. The WHO-5 Well-Being Index (scored 0–25) was used to score participants’ well-being. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine the predictors of well-being. A total of 1922 responses were analyzed (mean age: 31 years; 30.5% male; 88.2% health professionals or students in the health sector). The mean well-being score was 17.35 ± 4.97. Determinants of a high well-being score (≥13) included older age, eating healthy food, practicing physical exercise, working from home, and adhering to the COVID-19 preventive measures. Female participants, persons worried about their relatives’ health, and smokers were more likely to have a low well-being score. In conclusion, after the lockdown measures were lifted, the Vietnamese have people continued to follow COVID-19 preventive measures, and most of them scored high on the well-being scale. Waiting to achieve large-scale COVID-19 vaccine coverage, promoting preventive COVID-19 measures remains important, together with strategies to guarantee the well-being of the Vietnamese people.
Tuyen Hoang; Robert Colebunders; Joseph Fodjo; Nhan Nguyen; Trung Tran; Thang Vo. Well-Being of Healthcare Workers and the General Public during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam: An Online Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4737 .
AMA StyleTuyen Hoang, Robert Colebunders, Joseph Fodjo, Nhan Nguyen, Trung Tran, Thang Vo. Well-Being of Healthcare Workers and the General Public during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam: An Online Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4737.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTuyen Hoang; Robert Colebunders; Joseph Fodjo; Nhan Nguyen; Trung Tran; Thang Vo. 2021. "Well-Being of Healthcare Workers and the General Public during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam: An Online Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4737.
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases in the world, and is characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures (fits) that can occur at all ages. The causes of epilepsy are multiple, ranging from perinatal problems, traumatic brain insults, metabolic abnormalities, to infections of the central nervous system; sometimes, the causes are not known. Consensual international norms have been established for the proper diagnosis and management of epilepsy, including specificities for vulnerable populations such as children and pregnant women. Specific emphasis must be laid on low and middle income countries, where about 80% of all persons with epilepsy reside. In such resource-limited settings, epilepsy patients are often confronted with sub-optimal care, reduced access to treatment, and frequent epilepsy complications. Early epilepsy diagnosis and proper anti-epileptic treatment usually result in satisfactory seizure control, and enable persons with epilepsy to lead a normal life. Besides the usual medications, psychosocial support and stigma reducing interventions are crucial to improve the quality of life of affected persons and their families.
Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo. Definition, Classification, and Burden of Epilepsy. Epilepsy - Update on Classification, Etiologies, Instrumental Diagnosis and Treatment 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJoseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo. Definition, Classification, and Burden of Epilepsy. Epilepsy - Update on Classification, Etiologies, Instrumental Diagnosis and Treatment. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo. 2021. "Definition, Classification, and Burden of Epilepsy." Epilepsy - Update on Classification, Etiologies, Instrumental Diagnosis and Treatment , no. : 1.
COVID-19 affects persons living with HIV (PLWH) both directly (via morbidity/mortality) and indirectly (via disruption of HIV care). From July–November 2020, an online survey was conducted to investigate the psychosocial well-being of PLWH and changes in HIV care during the second semester of the COVID-19 outbreak. Data were collected on the socio-demographic characteristics of PLWH, their psychosocial well-being, impact of COVID-19 preventive measures on their daily routines and HIV follow-up. Of the 247 responses analyzed (mean age: 44.5 ± 13.2 years; 73.7% male), 67 (27.1%) and 69 (27.9%) respondents screened positive for anxiety (GAD-2 score ≥ 3) and depression (PHQ-2 score ≥ 3), respectively. HIV care had returned to pre-COVID-19 state for 48.6% PLWH, and 108 (43.7%) had no HIV follow-up during the past month. Over three quarters (76.1%) of respondents expressed willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Compared to previous findings in April 2020, substance use increased from 58.6% to 67.2% (p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that the well-being and medical follow-up of PLWH are still affected after almost a year into the COVID-19 outbreak. Remote HIV follow-up (telemedicine) with psychosocial support should be envisaged in the medium to long-term. Given that most PLWH accept COVID-19 vaccination, they may be prioritized for this intervention.
Joseph Siewe Fodjo; Edlaine Faria De Moura Villela; Stijn Van Hees; Pieter Vanholder; Patrick Reyntiens; Robert Colebunders. Follow-Up Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 on People Living with HIV during the Second Semester of the Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4635 .
AMA StyleJoseph Siewe Fodjo, Edlaine Faria De Moura Villela, Stijn Van Hees, Pieter Vanholder, Patrick Reyntiens, Robert Colebunders. Follow-Up Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 on People Living with HIV during the Second Semester of the Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4635.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoseph Siewe Fodjo; Edlaine Faria De Moura Villela; Stijn Van Hees; Pieter Vanholder; Patrick Reyntiens; Robert Colebunders. 2021. "Follow-Up Survey of the Impact of COVID-19 on People Living with HIV during the Second Semester of the Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4635.
A high burden of epilepsy is observed in Africa where parasitological infections are endemic. In 2016, in an Onchocerciasis endemic area in the Logo health zone, in Ituri province in the Democratic Republic of Congo, a door-to-door study showed an epilepsy prevalence of 4.6%, and 50.6% of persons with epilepsy were infected with Onchocerca volvulus. In the current study, the serum of 195 people infected with O. volvulus persons with epilepsy were tested to determine the proportion of co-infections with Taenia solium, Toxocara canis and Strongyloides. These proportions were, respectively, 8.2, 18.5 and 12.8%. Persons with a T. solium co-infection were older than those without co-infection (p = 0.021). In six (37.5%) of the T. solium co-infected persons, the first seizures appeared after the age of 30 years compared to three (2.1%) persons without a co-infection (p < 0.0001). Our study suggests that an O. volvulus infection is the main parasitic cause of epilepsy in the Ituri province, but in some persons, mainly in those with late onset epilepsy and with focal seizures, the epilepsy may be caused by neurocysticercosis. As the population in the area rears pigs, activities to limit T. solium transmission should be implemented.
Melissa Vieri; Michel Mandro; Chiara Cardellino; Pierantonio Orza; Niccolò Ronzoni; Joseph Siewe Fodjo; An Hotterbeekx; Robert Colebunders. Potential Parasitic Causes of Epilepsy in an Onchocerciasis Endemic Area in the Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Pathogens 2021, 10, 359 .
AMA StyleMelissa Vieri, Michel Mandro, Chiara Cardellino, Pierantonio Orza, Niccolò Ronzoni, Joseph Siewe Fodjo, An Hotterbeekx, Robert Colebunders. Potential Parasitic Causes of Epilepsy in an Onchocerciasis Endemic Area in the Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (3):359.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelissa Vieri; Michel Mandro; Chiara Cardellino; Pierantonio Orza; Niccolò Ronzoni; Joseph Siewe Fodjo; An Hotterbeekx; Robert Colebunders. 2021. "Potential Parasitic Causes of Epilepsy in an Onchocerciasis Endemic Area in the Ituri Province, Democratic Republic of Congo." Pathogens 10, no. 3: 359.
Since March 2020, the Cameroonian government implemented nationwide measures to stall COVID-19 transmission. However, little is known about how well these unprecedented measures are being observed as the pandemic evolves. We conducted a six-month online survey to assess the preventive behaviour of Cameroonian adults during the COVID-19 outbreak. A five-point adherence score was constructed based on self-reported observance of the following preventive measures: physical distancing, face mask use, hand hygiene, not touching one’s face, and covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing. Predictors of adherence were investigated using ordinal logistic regression models. Of the 7381 responses received from all ten regions, 73.3% were from male respondents and overall mean age was 32.8 ± 10.8 years. Overall mean adherence score was 3.96 ± 1.11 on a scale of 0–5. Mean weekly adherence scores were initially high, but gradually decreased over time accompanied by increasing incidence of COVID-19 during the last study weeks. Predictors for higher adherence included higher age, receiving COVID-19 information from health personnel, and agreeing with the necessity of lockdown measures. Meanwhile, experiencing flu-like symptoms was associated with poor adherence. Continuous observance of preventive measures should be encouraged among Cameroonians in the medium- to long-term to avoid a resurgence in COVID-19 infections.
Joseph Siewe Fodjo; Leonard Ngarka; Wepnyu Njamnshi; Leonard Nfor; Michel Mengnjo; Edwige Mendo; Samuel Angwafor; Jonas Basseguin; Cyrille Nkouonlack; Edith Njit; Nene Ahidjo; Eric Chokote; Fidèle Dema; Julius Fonsah; Godwin Tatah; Nancy Palmer; Paul Seke Etet; Dennis Palmer; Dickson Nsagha; Daniel Etya’Ale; Stephen Perrig; Roman Sztajzel; Jean-Marie Annoni; Anne-Cécile Bissek; Rose Leke; Marie-Thérèse Obama; John Nkengasong; Robert Colebunders; Alfred Njamnshi. COVID-19 Preventive Behaviours in Cameroon: A Six-Month Online National Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2554 .
AMA StyleJoseph Siewe Fodjo, Leonard Ngarka, Wepnyu Njamnshi, Leonard Nfor, Michel Mengnjo, Edwige Mendo, Samuel Angwafor, Jonas Basseguin, Cyrille Nkouonlack, Edith Njit, Nene Ahidjo, Eric Chokote, Fidèle Dema, Julius Fonsah, Godwin Tatah, Nancy Palmer, Paul Seke Etet, Dennis Palmer, Dickson Nsagha, Daniel Etya’Ale, Stephen Perrig, Roman Sztajzel, Jean-Marie Annoni, Anne-Cécile Bissek, Rose Leke, Marie-Thérèse Obama, John Nkengasong, Robert Colebunders, Alfred Njamnshi. COVID-19 Preventive Behaviours in Cameroon: A Six-Month Online National Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoseph Siewe Fodjo; Leonard Ngarka; Wepnyu Njamnshi; Leonard Nfor; Michel Mengnjo; Edwige Mendo; Samuel Angwafor; Jonas Basseguin; Cyrille Nkouonlack; Edith Njit; Nene Ahidjo; Eric Chokote; Fidèle Dema; Julius Fonsah; Godwin Tatah; Nancy Palmer; Paul Seke Etet; Dennis Palmer; Dickson Nsagha; Daniel Etya’Ale; Stephen Perrig; Roman Sztajzel; Jean-Marie Annoni; Anne-Cécile Bissek; Rose Leke; Marie-Thérèse Obama; John Nkengasong; Robert Colebunders; Alfred Njamnshi. 2021. "COVID-19 Preventive Behaviours in Cameroon: A Six-Month Online National Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2554.
Adherence to preventive measures is essential to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. Two online surveys were conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) from 23 April to 8 June 2020, and from August 24th to September 8th, respectively. A total of 3268 (round 1) and 4160 (round 2) participants were included. In both surveys, there was a moderate level of adherence to regular handwashing (85% and 77%, respectively), wearing of facemasks (41.4% and 69%, respectively), and respecting physical distancing (58% and 43.4%, respectively). The second survey found that, working in private (OR = 2.31, CI: 1.66–3.22; p < 0.001) and public organizations (OR = 1.61, CI: 1.04–2.49; p = 0.032) and being a healthcare worker (OR = 2.19, CI: 1.57–3.05; p < 0.001) significantly increased the odds for better adherence. However, a unit increase in age (OR = 0.99, CI: 0.98–0.99; p < 0.026), having attained lower education levels (OR = 0.60, CI: 0.46–0.78; p < 0.001), living in a room (OR = 0.36, CI: 0.15–0.89; p = 0.027), living in a studio (OR = 0.26, CI: 0.11–0.61; p = 0.002) and apartment (OR = 0.29, CI: 0.10–0.82; p = 0.019) significantly decreased the odds for better adherence. We recommend a multi-sectorial approach to monitor and respond to the pandemic threat. While physical distancing may be difficult in Africa, it should be possible to increase the use of facemasks.
John Ditekemena; Hypolite Mavoko; Michael Obimpeh; Stijn Van Hees; Joseph Siewe Fodjo; Dalau Nkamba; Antoinette Tshefu; Wim Van Damme; Jean Muyembe; Robert Colebunders. Adherence to COVID-19 Prevention Measures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Results of Two Consecutive Online Surveys. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2525 .
AMA StyleJohn Ditekemena, Hypolite Mavoko, Michael Obimpeh, Stijn Van Hees, Joseph Siewe Fodjo, Dalau Nkamba, Antoinette Tshefu, Wim Van Damme, Jean Muyembe, Robert Colebunders. Adherence to COVID-19 Prevention Measures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Results of Two Consecutive Online Surveys. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2525.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Ditekemena; Hypolite Mavoko; Michael Obimpeh; Stijn Van Hees; Joseph Siewe Fodjo; Dalau Nkamba; Antoinette Tshefu; Wim Van Damme; Jean Muyembe; Robert Colebunders. 2021. "Adherence to COVID-19 Prevention Measures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Results of Two Consecutive Online Surveys." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2525.
We investigated the level of willingness for COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Data were collected between 24 August 2020 and 8 September 2020 through an online survey. A total of 4131 responses were included; mean age of respondents was 35 years (standard deviation: 11.5); 68.4% were females; 71% had elementary or secondary school education. One fourth (24.1%) were convinced that COVID-19 did not exist. Overall, 2310 (55.9%) indicated they were willing to be vaccinated. In a multivariable regression model, belonging to the middle and high-income category (OR = 1.85, CI: 1.46–2.35 and OR = 2.91, CI: 2.15–3.93, respectively), being tested for COVID-19 (OR = 4.71, CI: 3.62–6.12; p < 0.001), COVID-19 community vaccine acceptance (OR = 14.45, CI: 2.91–71.65; p = 0.001) and acknowledging the existence of COVID-19 (OR = 6.04, CI: 4.42–8.23; p < 0,001) were associated with an increased willingness to be vaccinated. Being a healthcare worker was associated with a decreased willingness for vaccination (OR = 0.46, CI: 0.36–0.58; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the current willingness for COVID-19 vaccination among citizens of the DRC is too low to dramatically decrease community transmission. Of great concern is the low intention of immunization among healthcare workers. A large sensitization campaign will be needed to increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
John Ditekemena; Dalau Nkamba; Armand Mavoko; Joseph Siewe Fodjo; Christophe Luhata; Michael Obimpeh; Stijn Van Hees; Jean Nachega; Robert Colebunders. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Vaccines 2021, 9, 153 .
AMA StyleJohn Ditekemena, Dalau Nkamba, Armand Mavoko, Joseph Siewe Fodjo, Christophe Luhata, Michael Obimpeh, Stijn Van Hees, Jean Nachega, Robert Colebunders. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (2):153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Ditekemena; Dalau Nkamba; Armand Mavoko; Joseph Siewe Fodjo; Christophe Luhata; Michael Obimpeh; Stijn Van Hees; Jean Nachega; Robert Colebunders. 2021. "COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Survey." Vaccines 9, no. 2: 153.
Background In October 2017, a community-based epilepsy treatment program (CBETP) was initiated in the Logo health zone (Ituri province, Democratic Republic of Congo), consisting mainly of community epilepsy education, provision of free antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and monthly follow-up of persons with epilepsy (PWE). Prior to the implementation of the CBETP, qualitative research had revealed several misconceptions about the cause of epilepsy, major epilepsy-related stigma, and high economic cost for families of PWE mainly because of costly treatment by traditional healers. One year after the implementation of the CBETP, we assessed the perceived effect of this program on the community's perceptions and attitudes regarding epilepsy and on disease costs. Methods Focus group discussions (FGD) and semi-structured in-depth interviews (SSI) were conducted with different target groups. Additionally, the cost associated with epilepsy was evaluated using questionnaires administered to 74 PWE and/or their families. Results Nine FGDs and 16 SSIs were conducted. There was a notable shift in perceptions and attitudes, as most community members no longer believed that epilepsy is contagious, while acknowledging that this condition can be treated in local health centers. Persons with epilepsy and their family experienced less epilepsy-related stigma and consulted less frequently traditional healers; the latter showed a growing willingness to collaborate with health professionals in the management of PWE. The direct and indirect costs for families caring for a PWE decreased by 95.2% and 95.7%, respectively. Conclusion The main perceived benefits of the CBETP were the decrease in misconceptions about epilepsy and epilepsy-related stigma. Families with PWE understood the benefit of seeking health care from trained health professionals rather than with traditional healers. The direct and indirect costs for families to take care of a PWE reduced considerably after the program. However, the cost-effectiveness and long-term sustainability of this approach remain to be assessed.
Alfred Dusabimana; Michel Ndahura Mandro; Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo; Husseini Dolo; Samuel Coenen; Robert Colebunders. Community perceptions and attitudes regarding epilepsy and disease cost after implementation of a community-based epilepsy treatment program in onchocerciasis-endemic communities in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Epilepsy & Behavior 2021, 116, 107773 .
AMA StyleAlfred Dusabimana, Michel Ndahura Mandro, Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo, Husseini Dolo, Samuel Coenen, Robert Colebunders. Community perceptions and attitudes regarding epilepsy and disease cost after implementation of a community-based epilepsy treatment program in onchocerciasis-endemic communities in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2021; 116 ():107773.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfred Dusabimana; Michel Ndahura Mandro; Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo; Husseini Dolo; Samuel Coenen; Robert Colebunders. 2021. "Community perceptions and attitudes regarding epilepsy and disease cost after implementation of a community-based epilepsy treatment program in onchocerciasis-endemic communities in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Epilepsy & Behavior 116, no. : 107773.
We assessed adherence to government recommendations implemented shortly after the introduction of COVID-19 in Mozambique in March 2020, through two online cross-sectional surveys in April and June 2020. We quantified adherence to preventive measures by a composite score comprising of five measures: physical distancing, face mask use, hand hygiene, cough hygiene, and avoidance of touching the face. 3770 and 1115 persons participated in the first and second round respectively. Wearing face masks, regular handwashing and cough hygiene all reached compliance rates of over 90% while physical distancing and avoiding to touch the face reached a compliance rate of 80–90%. A multivariable model investigating factors associated with adherence found that being older, more educated, and belonging to the healthcare sector increased the odds for higher adherence. Private workers and retired people, respondents receiving COVID-19 information through social media, and those who reported flu-like symptoms were less likely to adhere. 6% of respondents reported flu-like symptoms which aligned with the WHO clinical definition of COVID-19, suggesting low level community transmission. In conclusion, most respondents in this online survey in Mozambique complied well with strategies to prevent COVID-19. Whether the good preventive behaviour explains the low grade COVID-19 transmission requires further study.
António Júnior; Janeth Dula; Sérgio Mahumane; Olivier Koole; Sónia Enosse; Joseph Fodjo; Robert Colebunders. Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Mozambique: Two Consecutive Online Surveys. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1091 .
AMA StyleAntónio Júnior, Janeth Dula, Sérgio Mahumane, Olivier Koole, Sónia Enosse, Joseph Fodjo, Robert Colebunders. Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Mozambique: Two Consecutive Online Surveys. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):1091.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntónio Júnior; Janeth Dula; Sérgio Mahumane; Olivier Koole; Sónia Enosse; Joseph Fodjo; Robert Colebunders. 2021. "Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Mozambique: Two Consecutive Online Surveys." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 1091.
Objectives We aimed to assess the level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and to identify factors associated with non-adherence. Design A cross-sectional population-based online survey. Settings The study was conducted in 22 provinces of the DRC. Five provinces with a satisfactory number of respondents were included in the analysis: Haut Katanga, Kasaï-Central, Kasaï-Oriental, Kinshasa and North Kivu. Participants The participants were people aged ≥18 years, living in the DRC. A total of 3268 participants were included in the study analysis. Interventions Both convenience sampling (surveyors themselves contacted potential participants in different districts) and snowball sampling (the participants were requested to share the link of the questionnaire with their contacts) methods were used. Primary and secondary outcome measures We computed adherence scores using responses to 10 questions concerning COVID-19 preventive measures recommended by the WHO and the DRC Ministry of Health. We used logistic regression analysis with generalised estimating equations to identify factors of poor adherence. We also asked about the presence or absence of flu-like symptoms during the preceding 14 days, whether a COVID-19 test was done and the test result. Results Data from 3268 participants were analysed. Face masks were not used by 1789 (54.7%) participants. Non-adherence to physical distancing was reported by 1364 (41.7%) participants. 501 (15.3%) participants did not observe regular handwashing. Five variables were associated with poor adherence: lower education level, living with other people at home, being jobless/students, living with a partner and not being a healthcare worker. Conclusion Despite compulsory restrictions imposed by the government, only about half of the respondents adhered to COVID-19 preventive measures in the DRC. Disparities across the provinces are remarkable. There is an urgent need to further explore the reasons for these disparities and factors associated with non-adherence.
John Dinanga Ditekemena; Dalau Mukadi Nkamba; Hypolite Mavoko Muhindo; Joseph Nelson Fodjo Siewe; Christophe Luhata; Rafael Van Den Bergh; Antoinette Tshefu Kitoto; Wim Van Damme; Jean Jacques Muyembe; Robert Colebunders. Factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): results of an online survey. BMJ Open 2021, 11, e043356 .
AMA StyleJohn Dinanga Ditekemena, Dalau Mukadi Nkamba, Hypolite Mavoko Muhindo, Joseph Nelson Fodjo Siewe, Christophe Luhata, Rafael Van Den Bergh, Antoinette Tshefu Kitoto, Wim Van Damme, Jean Jacques Muyembe, Robert Colebunders. Factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): results of an online survey. BMJ Open. 2021; 11 (1):e043356.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Dinanga Ditekemena; Dalau Mukadi Nkamba; Hypolite Mavoko Muhindo; Joseph Nelson Fodjo Siewe; Christophe Luhata; Rafael Van Den Bergh; Antoinette Tshefu Kitoto; Wim Van Damme; Jean Jacques Muyembe; Robert Colebunders. 2021. "Factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): results of an online survey." BMJ Open 11, no. 1: e043356.
A clinical trial performed in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), among persons with epilepsy (PWE) infected with Onchocerca volvulus treated with anti-seizure medication suggested that ivermectin reduces the seizure frequency. We assessed the effect of ivermectin treatment on seizure frequency in PWE with and without anti-seizure medication in three onchocerciasis endemic areas (Maridi, South Sudan; Aketi, DRC; and Mahenge, Tanzania). Pre- and 3–5 months post-ivermectin microfilariae densities in skin snips and seizure frequency were assessed. After ivermectin, the median (IQR) percentage reduction in seizure frequency in the study sites ranged from 73.4% (26.0–90.0) to 100% (50.0–100.0). A negative binomial mixed model showed that ivermectin significantly reduced the seizure frequency, with a larger decrease in PWE with a high baseline seizure frequency. Mediation analysis showed that ivermectin reduced the seizure frequencies indirectly through reduction in microfilariae densities but also that ivermectin may have a direct anti-seizure effect. However, given the short half-life of ivermectin and the fact that ivermectin does not penetrate the healthy brain, such a direct anti-seizure effect is unlikely. A randomized controlled trial assessing the ivermectin effect in people infected with O. volvulus who are also PWE on a stable anti-seizure regimen may be needed to clarify the causal relationship between ivermectin and seizure frequency.
Alfred Dusabimana; Solomon Tsebeni Wafula; Stephen Jada Raimon; Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo; Dan Bhwana; Floribert Tepage; Gasim Abd-Elfarag; An Hotterbeekx; Steven Abrams; Robert Colebunders. Effect of Ivermectin Treatment on the Frequency of Seizures in Persons with Epilepsy Infected with Onchocerca volvulus. Pathogens 2020, 10, 21 .
AMA StyleAlfred Dusabimana, Solomon Tsebeni Wafula, Stephen Jada Raimon, Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo, Dan Bhwana, Floribert Tepage, Gasim Abd-Elfarag, An Hotterbeekx, Steven Abrams, Robert Colebunders. Effect of Ivermectin Treatment on the Frequency of Seizures in Persons with Epilepsy Infected with Onchocerca volvulus. Pathogens. 2020; 10 (1):21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlfred Dusabimana; Solomon Tsebeni Wafula; Stephen Jada Raimon; Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo; Dan Bhwana; Floribert Tepage; Gasim Abd-Elfarag; An Hotterbeekx; Steven Abrams; Robert Colebunders. 2020. "Effect of Ivermectin Treatment on the Frequency of Seizures in Persons with Epilepsy Infected with Onchocerca volvulus." Pathogens 10, no. 1: 21.
We conducted an online survey in the first two months of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Uganda to assess the level and determinants of adherence to and satisfaction with the COVID-19 preventive measures recommended by the government. We generated Likert scales for adherence and satisfaction outcome variables and measured them with four preventive measures, including handwashing, wearing face masks, physical distancing, and coughing/sneezing hygiene. Of 1726 respondents (mean age: 36 years; range: 12–72), 59% were males, 495 (29%) were adherent to, and 545 (32%) were extremely satisfied with all four preventive measures. Adherence to all four measures was associated with living in Kampala City Centre (AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.6) and receiving COVID-19 information from health workers (AOR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.01–1.5) or village leaders (AOR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.02–1.9). Persons who lived with younger siblings had reduced odds of adherence to all four measures (AOR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61–0.93). Extreme satisfaction with all four measures was associated with being female (AOR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.6) and health worker (AOR: 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0–1.5). Experiencing violence at home (AOR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09–0.67) was associated with lower satisfaction. Following reported poor adherence and satisfaction with preventive measures, behavior change programs using health workers should be expanded throughout, with emphasis on men.
Bob O. Amodan; Lilian Bulage; Elizabeth Katana; Alex R. Ario; Joseph N. Siewe Fodjo; Robert Colebunders; Rhoda K. Wanyenze. Level and Determinants of Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures in the First Stage of the Outbreak in Uganda. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 8810 .
AMA StyleBob O. Amodan, Lilian Bulage, Elizabeth Katana, Alex R. Ario, Joseph N. Siewe Fodjo, Robert Colebunders, Rhoda K. Wanyenze. Level and Determinants of Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures in the First Stage of the Outbreak in Uganda. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (23):8810.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBob O. Amodan; Lilian Bulage; Elizabeth Katana; Alex R. Ario; Joseph N. Siewe Fodjo; Robert Colebunders; Rhoda K. Wanyenze. 2020. "Level and Determinants of Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures in the First Stage of the Outbreak in Uganda." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 8810.