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Project Goal: A novel method of land surface movements prediction due to rock mass drainage based on InSAR and AI
Current Stage: Data collection
Land subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal induced by mining is a relatively unknown phenomenon. This is primarily due to the small scale of such movements compared to the land subsidence caused by deposit extraction. Nonetheless, the environmental impact of drainage-related land subsidence remains underestimated. The research was carried out in the “Bogdanka” coal mine in Poland. First, the historical impact of mining on land subsidence and groundwater head changes was investigated. The outcomes of these studies were used to construct the influence method model. With field data, our model was successfully calibrated and validated. Finally, it was used for land subsidence estimation for 2030. As per the findings, the field of mining exploitation has the greatest land subsidence. In 2014, the maximum value of the phenomenon was 0.313 cm. However, this value will reach 0.364 m by 2030. The spatial extent of land subsidence caused by mining-induced drainage extends up to 20 km beyond the mining area’s boundaries. The presented model provided land subsidence patterns without the need for a complex numerical subsidence model. As a result, the method presented can be effectively used for land subsidence regulation plans considering the impact of mining on the aquifer system.
Artur Guzy; Wojciech Witkowski. Land Subsidence Estimation for Aquifer Drainage Induced by Underground Mining. Energies 2021, 14, 4658 .
AMA StyleArtur Guzy, Wojciech Witkowski. Land Subsidence Estimation for Aquifer Drainage Induced by Underground Mining. Energies. 2021; 14 (15):4658.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArtur Guzy; Wojciech Witkowski. 2021. "Land Subsidence Estimation for Aquifer Drainage Induced by Underground Mining." Energies 14, no. 15: 4658.
Horizontal strains related to mining-induced subsidence may endanger infrastructure and surface users’ safety. While directional horizontal strains should be well determined, appropriate solutions for a complete assessment of the terrain surface deformation field are still required. As a result, the presented study examined a new method for calculating horizontal strain tensor based on the decomposition of satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) observations into vertical and azimuth look direction (ALD) displacements. Based on a geometric integral model, we tested our method on experimental data before applying it to an underground copper ore mine in Poland. In the case study, the displacement field was determined using the Multi-Temporal InSAR method on Sentinel-1 data. The model data relative error did not exceed 0.02 at σ = ±0.003. For the case study, land subsidence of up to −167 mm and ALD displacements ranging from −110 mm to +62 mm was obtained, whereas the extreme values of horizontal strains ranged from −0.52 mm/m to +0.36 mm/m at σ = ±0.050 mm/m. Our results demonstrate the high accuracy of the method in determining the horizontal strain tensor. As a result, the approach can broaden the assessment of the environmental impact of land subsidence worldwide.
Wojciech Witkowski; Magdalena Łukosz; Artur Guzy; Ryszard Hejmanowski. Estimation of Mining-Induced Horizontal Strain Tensor of Land Surface Applying InSAR. Minerals 2021, 11, 788 .
AMA StyleWojciech Witkowski, Magdalena Łukosz, Artur Guzy, Ryszard Hejmanowski. Estimation of Mining-Induced Horizontal Strain Tensor of Land Surface Applying InSAR. Minerals. 2021; 11 (7):788.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Witkowski; Magdalena Łukosz; Artur Guzy; Ryszard Hejmanowski. 2021. "Estimation of Mining-Induced Horizontal Strain Tensor of Land Surface Applying InSAR." Minerals 11, no. 7: 788.
Mining exploitation is associated with the occurrence of adverse environmental effects. The most serious of such effects is land subsidence. Although land subsidence can be well predicted and mitigated by several methods, nevertheless, the extraction of mineral deposits is also associated with induced seismicity. The occurrence of seismic events causes ground surface vibrations, land surface displacements and, in many cases, has a negative impact on the safety of surface infrastructure and the inhabitants of endangered areas. Despite this, the issue of induced seismicity is much less recognized and often ignored in the assessment of the negative impacts of mining exploitation.
Induced seismicity is related to stress changes in the reservoir and surrounding rock mass that may be caused by a variety of mechanisms. Consequently, the patterns of induced seismicity vary greatly over time and space for different fields or events within the same field. It is often difficult to determine the correlation between seismicity and mining precisely because of the lack of data detailing the pattern of exploitation at the various wells. As a result, the source mechanism of mining-induced tremor remains a subject of active research.
The research aimed to better identify the phenomenon of induced seismicity caused by mining operations. Research has been conducted in the area of underground copper ore mining in Poland. Firstly, we investigate the pre-and post-seismic land-surface movements following 8 mining-induced Mw 3.6-4.8 earthquakes that occurred between 2016 and 2018. We use Sentinel 1 data to derive these movements 2 weeks before and 4 weeks after the mainshock. The results of these studies show that no substantial pre-seismic surface movements are indicating the possibility of a seismic event occurring. However, the co-seismic deformation fields are quite symmetrical, the maximum land subsidence is almost 10 cm and occurs within a few days after the mainshock. In addition, the time series of post-seismic deformation shows a gradual decay and a good correspondence with the post-shock distribution.
Secondly, we use the Mogi model, assuming the elastic half-space, to invert co-seismic deformation fields and to obtain the source parameters of the mine-induced earthquakes. The spatial distribution of the epicenters indicates a correlation with the fields of mining exploitation. The results also show that the average depth of the hypocenter tremor is approx. 650 m. This corresponds to the depth of the stiff sandstone layers adjacent to the exploration. These layers accumulate the stress of post-exploitation voids. In addition, the modeling results indicate an approx. the volume of the displaced rock layers of 1.2 x 105 m3. This value shows a high correlation with the volume of post-shock troughs determined based on InSAR data.
The results of this study contribute to research into activities related to mining operations resulting in an induced-earthquake occurrence. This demonstrates InSAR's potential for quasi-constant monitoring of large-scale areas against seismic hazards caused by ongoing mining operations.
Wojciech Witkowski; Magdalena Łukosz; Artur Guzy; Ryszard Hejmanowski. Mining-Induced Tremors Source Modelling Applying InSAR. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleWojciech Witkowski, Magdalena Łukosz, Artur Guzy, Ryszard Hejmanowski. Mining-Induced Tremors Source Modelling Applying InSAR. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Witkowski; Magdalena Łukosz; Artur Guzy; Ryszard Hejmanowski. 2021. "Mining-Induced Tremors Source Modelling Applying InSAR." , no. : 1.
The objective of the research was to investigate the process of rock mass recompaction related to groundwater rebound induced by underground mining. Research has been conducted in the area of the closed copper ore mine (Konrad) as well as the anhydrite and gypsum mine (Lubichów) in south-eastern Poland.
The mining operation was carried out in the years 1944-2001 in the area of the Konrad mine and 1944-2015 in the area of the Lubichów mine. It resulted in substantial land subsidence of up to 1.4 m and drainage of the aquifer system. However, it is estimated that the subsidence caused by groundwater pumping during these periods was 0.3 m in total. Furthermore, the spatial extent of the depression cone in the aquifer system immediately after the cessation of exploitation significantly exceeded the limits of the mining areas. Following the closure of the mine, a continuous increase in the groundwater head and land uplift is observed.
Classical survey results and the Persistent Scatter Satellite Radar Interferometry (PSInSAR) method were used to determine land surface movements in the period from November 2015 to November 2020. The results of the research show in the area of the Lubichów mine closed in June 2015, vertical land uplift reached a maximum of approx. 92 mm in that period. At the same time, in the Konrad mine area, closed in March 2001, no significant land uplift was observed. However, the main part of the investigation concerned the development of a novel method of land uplifting prediction. As a result, an attempt was made to comparatively analyze the dynamics of land uplift associated with the life cycle of the mine and the increase in the groundwater head.
These analyzes allowed the time factor for the modelling of the land uplift to be determined. This time factor is approx. 5 months in the area of the Lubichów mine and indicates that there is a time lag between the start of the groundwater head increase and the land uplift occurrence. Also, the investigation revealed that land uplift will occur in the analyzed area for the next five years. However, the dynamics of such movements will gradually decline in the years to come.
The methodology developed could be applied to any post-mining area where groundwater rebound-related uplifts are observed. It may be an appropriate tool for estimating both the time during which the land uplift is expected to begin after the mine drainage has been stopped, as well as the total duration of the land uplift phenomena.
Artur Guzy; Wojciech Witkowski; Ryszard Hejmanowski; Agnieszka Malinowska. The Model of Land Surface Movements Induced by Groundwater Rebound in the Area of Former Mining Exploitation. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleArtur Guzy, Wojciech Witkowski, Ryszard Hejmanowski, Agnieszka Malinowska. The Model of Land Surface Movements Induced by Groundwater Rebound in the Area of Former Mining Exploitation. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArtur Guzy; Wojciech Witkowski; Ryszard Hejmanowski; Agnieszka Malinowska. 2021. "The Model of Land Surface Movements Induced by Groundwater Rebound in the Area of Former Mining Exploitation." , no. : 1.
The environmental impact assessment of underground mining usually includes the direct effects of exploitation. These are damage to rock mass and land subsidence. Continuous dewatering of the aquifer system is, however, necessary to carry out underground mining operations. Consequently, the drainage of the aquifer system is observed at a regional scale. The spatial extent of the phenomenon is typically much wider than the direct impact of the exploitation. The research presented was, therefore, aimed at evaluating both the direct and the indirect effects of underground mining. Firstly, the spatial extent of land subsidence was determined based on the Knothe theory. Secondly, underground mining-induced drainage of the aquifers was modeled. The 3D finite-difference hydrogeological model was constructed based on the conventional groundwater flow theory. The values of model hydrogeological parameters were determined based on literature and empirical data. These data were also used for model calibration. Finally, the results of the calculations were compared successfully with the field data. The research results presented indicate that underground mining’s indirect effects cover a much larger area than direct effects. Thus, underground mining requires a broader environmental assessment. Our results can, therefore, pave the way for more efficient management of groundwater considering underground mining.
Artur Guzy; Agnieszka Malinowska. Assessment of the Impact of the Spatial Extent of Land Subsidence and Aquifer System Drainage Induced by Underground Mining. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7871 .
AMA StyleArtur Guzy, Agnieszka Malinowska. Assessment of the Impact of the Spatial Extent of Land Subsidence and Aquifer System Drainage Induced by Underground Mining. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):7871.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArtur Guzy; Agnieszka Malinowska. 2020. "Assessment of the Impact of the Spatial Extent of Land Subsidence and Aquifer System Drainage Induced by Underground Mining." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 7871.
This entry presents a comprehensive review of models used to predict land surface displacements caused by rock mass drainage, as well as (2) recent advances and (3) a summary of InSAR implementation over recent years to support the aquifer compaction modelling process. Therefore, the study presented would be of benefit to readers who are interested in the topic of interaction between the human population and the hydrogeological system in different regions. The research presented allows readers to better understand the factors, developments and effects of groundwater drainage and thus facilitate large - scale risk assessment and preventive planning.
Artur Guzy. Groundwater Withdrawal-Induced Land Subsidence. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleArtur Guzy. Groundwater Withdrawal-Induced Land Subsidence. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArtur Guzy. 2020. "Groundwater Withdrawal-Induced Land Subsidence." , no. : 1.
Land subsidence is probably one of the most evident environmental effects of groundwater pumping. Globally, freshwater demand is the leading cause of this phenomenon. Land subsidence induced by aquifer system drainage can reach total values of up to 14.5 m. The spatial extension of this phenomenon is usually extensive and is often difficult to define clearly. Aquifer compaction contributes to many socio-economic effects and high infrastructure-related damage costs. Currently, many methods are used to analyze aquifer compaction. These include the fundamental relationship between groundwater head and groundwater flow direction, water pressure and aquifer matrix compressibility. Such solutions enable satisfactory modelling results. However, further research is needed to allow more efficient modelling of aquifer compaction. Recently, satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) has contributed to significant progress in monitoring and determining the spatio-temporal land subsidence distributions worldwide. Therefore, implementation of this approach can pave the way to the development of more efficient aquifer compaction models. This paper presents (1) a comprehensive review of models used to predict land surface displacements caused by aquifer drainage, as well as (2) recent advances, and (3) a summary of InSAR implementation in recent years to support the aquifer compaction modelling process.
Artur Guzy; Agnieszka Malinowska. State of the Art and Recent Advancements in the Modelling of Land Subsidence Induced by Groundwater Withdrawal. Water 2020, 12, 2051 .
AMA StyleArtur Guzy, Agnieszka Malinowska. State of the Art and Recent Advancements in the Modelling of Land Subsidence Induced by Groundwater Withdrawal. Water. 2020; 12 (7):2051.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArtur Guzy; Agnieszka Malinowska. 2020. "State of the Art and Recent Advancements in the Modelling of Land Subsidence Induced by Groundwater Withdrawal." Water 12, no. 7: 2051.
The presented research aimed to evaluate the spatio-temporal distribution of ground movements caused by groundwater head changes induced by mining. The research was carried out in the area of one of the copper ore and anhydrite mines in Poland. To determine ground movements, classical surveying results and the persistent scatter Satellite Radar Interferometry (PSInSAR) method were applied. The mining operation triggered significant subsidence, reaching 1.4 m in the years 1944–2015. However, subsidence caused by groundwater pumping was about 0.3 m. After mine closure, an ongoing groundwater rebound was observed. Hence, land uplift occurred, reaching no more than 29 mm/y. The main part of the investigation concerned developing a novel method for uplift prediction. Therefore, an attempt was made to comparatively analyze the dynamics of ground movements correlated with the mine life and hydrogeological condition. These analyses allowed the time factor for the modeling of land uplift to be determined. The investigation also revealed that in the next six years, the uplift will reach up to 12 mm/y. The developed methodology could be applied in any post-mining area where groundwater-rebound-related uplift is observed.
Agnieszka A. Malinowska; Wojciech T. Witkowski; Artur Guzy; Ryszard Hejmanowski. Satellite-Based Monitoring and Modeling of Ground Movements Caused by Water Rebound. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 1786 .
AMA StyleAgnieszka A. Malinowska, Wojciech T. Witkowski, Artur Guzy, Ryszard Hejmanowski. Satellite-Based Monitoring and Modeling of Ground Movements Caused by Water Rebound. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (11):1786.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka A. Malinowska; Wojciech T. Witkowski; Artur Guzy; Ryszard Hejmanowski. 2020. "Satellite-Based Monitoring and Modeling of Ground Movements Caused by Water Rebound." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11: 1786.
Land subsidence is a threat that occurs worldwide as a result of the withdrawal of fluid and also underground mining. The subsidence is mainly due to excessive groundwater withdrawal from certain types of rocks, such as fine-grained sediments. Mitigating the effects of land subsidence generally requires careful observations of the temporal change in groundwater level and ideally modeling of groundwater flow and subsidence. In Turkey, land subsidence is a crucial issue in the Konya Closed Basin. When simulating the effect of long-term groundwater withdrawal on the spatial variation of subsidence rates, various coupled numerical groundwater-flow and subsidence models have been used. Also, GPS, InSAR and ENVISAT SAR images have been used for verification of the models' parameters. In the work reported here, a novel numerical solution based on consolidation theory was developed in MATLAB to predict the land subsidence of the Konya Closed Basin. In order to adjust the model to the local conditions, historical data from the study area for the years 2011–2014 were used. The presented solution allowed for subsidence model development which can support the prediction of the ground movement for the Konya Closed Basin in Turkey.
Ahmed Wedam Ahmed; Ekrem Kalkan; Artur Guzy; Mine Alacali; Agnieszka Malinowska. Modeling of land subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal in Konya Closed Basin, Turkey. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 2020, 382, 397 -401.
AMA StyleAhmed Wedam Ahmed, Ekrem Kalkan, Artur Guzy, Mine Alacali, Agnieszka Malinowska. Modeling of land subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal in Konya Closed Basin, Turkey. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences. 2020; 382 ():397-401.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed Wedam Ahmed; Ekrem Kalkan; Artur Guzy; Mine Alacali; Agnieszka Malinowska. 2020. "Modeling of land subsidence caused by groundwater withdrawal in Konya Closed Basin, Turkey." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382, no. : 397-401.
The assessment of the impact of mining-induced seismicity on the natural environment and infrastructure is often limited to the analysis of terrain surface vibrations. However, similar seismic phenomena, like earthquakes, may also imply dislocations and deformations of the rock mass. Such ground movements may occur in areas which are not directly under the influence of the mining. The study of the displacement field caused by mining-induced seismicity is usually carried out with the use of geodetic methods. Classical geodetic measurements provide discrete information about observed ground movements. As a result, they generally do not provide spatially and temporally relevant estimates of the total range and values of ground movements for specific periods of interest. Moreover, mining-induced seismicity causes a severe threat to buildings. That is why, regarding the complexity of the mechanism of occurrence of mining-induced seismicity and their impact on ground movements, this problem remains a substantial research issue. The presented research aimed to analyse the ground movements caused by mining-induced seismicity. The ground displacements were established based on data from Sentinel-1 satellites applying differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR). The results of the investigation in the copper mining area of the Lower Silesia region of Poland revealed that the observed subsidence caused by mining-induced seismicity usually has a shape of a regular ellipse. The radius of these ground movements does not exceed approximately 2–3 km from the mining-induced tremor's epicenter, and the total subsidence reaches ca. 10–20 cm. More than 50 % of the total subsidence is observed on the surface within a few days after the mining tremor occurrence. Furthermore, the deformations of the surface occur when the energy of mining-induced tremor reaches values of the order of 105 J or higher. The presented research can contribute to better identification and evaluation of the mechanism of the rock mass deformation process caused by mining-induced seismicity. In addition, the use of satellite radar interferometry improves the quality of monitoring of these dynamic phenomena significantly. The data retrieved using this method allow for quasi-continuous monitoring of the local subsidence bowls caused by mining-induced seismicity.
Ryszard Hejmanowski; Wojciech T. Witkowski; Artur Guzy; Agnieszka Malinowska. Identification of the ground movements caused by mining-induced seismicity with the satellite interferometry. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 2020, 382, 297 -301.
AMA StyleRyszard Hejmanowski, Wojciech T. Witkowski, Artur Guzy, Agnieszka Malinowska. Identification of the ground movements caused by mining-induced seismicity with the satellite interferometry. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences. 2020; 382 ():297-301.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyszard Hejmanowski; Wojciech T. Witkowski; Artur Guzy; Agnieszka Malinowska. 2020. "Identification of the ground movements caused by mining-induced seismicity with the satellite interferometry." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382, no. : 297-301.
Earthquake occurrence is usually unpredictable apart from sites in the vicinity of volcanoes. It is not easy to measure displacements caused by seismic phenomena using classical geodetic methods, which are based on point survey. Therefore, the surveying of ground movements caused by seismic events should be carried out continuously. Nowadays, remote sensing data and InSAR are often applied to monitor ground displacements in areas affected by seismicity. The effects of severe nearby mining-induced earthquakes have been discussed in the paper. The earthquakes occurred in 2017 and had a magnitude of 4.7 and 4.8. The distance between the epicenters of the mining-induced earthquakes was around 1.6 km. The aim of the investigation has been to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of ground movements caused by the two tremors using the InSAR technique. Superposition of surface displacement has been studied in time and space. The main scientific aim has been to prove that in the areas where high-energy tremors occur, ground movements overlap. Due to proximity between the epicenters, the mining-induced earthquakes caused the formation of a large subsidence trough with the dimension of approximately 1.2 km × 4.2 km and total subsidence of ca. 116 mm. Two-time phases of subsidence were determined with temporal overlapping. The subsidence analysis has enhanced the cognition of the impact of mining-induced seismicity on the kinematics of surface changes. Moreover, the present work supports the thesis that InSAR is a valuable and adequately accurate technique to monitor ground displacements caused by mining induced earthquakes.
Ryszard Hejmanowski; Agnieszka A. Malinowska; Wojciech T. Witkowski; Artur Guzy. An Analysis Applying InSAR of Subsidence Caused by Nearby Mining-Induced Earthquakes. Geosciences 2019, 9, 490 .
AMA StyleRyszard Hejmanowski, Agnieszka A. Malinowska, Wojciech T. Witkowski, Artur Guzy. An Analysis Applying InSAR of Subsidence Caused by Nearby Mining-Induced Earthquakes. Geosciences. 2019; 9 (12):490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyszard Hejmanowski; Agnieszka A. Malinowska; Wojciech T. Witkowski; Artur Guzy. 2019. "An Analysis Applying InSAR of Subsidence Caused by Nearby Mining-Induced Earthquakes." Geosciences 9, no. 12: 490.
The present research focuses on the definition of a novel methodology for sinkhole risk assessment above shallow salt mines. The research were carried out on the area above the salt mine, a World Heritage site. The study of vertical stresses on the basis of a theoretical state of rock mass deformation in the area of test chambers was performed. Furthermore, the risk of chamber collapse due to ventricular stress exceeding the limit specified in the zone were calculated based on the arch pressure theory. The final stage of the research consists of spatial analysis that leading to the identification of chambers potentially influenced by other risk factors. The research shown in the article strongly suggests that combined spatial analysis with analysis may lead to reliable sinkhole risk assessment methodology.
Agnieszka Malinowska; Ryszard Hejmanowski; Artur Guzy; Andrzej Kwinta; Paweł Ulmaniec. The Sinkhole Occurrence Risk Mitigation in Urban Areas for the Historic Salt Mine. International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 2019, 4, 85 .
AMA StyleAgnieszka Malinowska, Ryszard Hejmanowski, Artur Guzy, Andrzej Kwinta, Paweł Ulmaniec. The Sinkhole Occurrence Risk Mitigation in Urban Areas for the Historic Salt Mine. International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development. 2019; 4 (2):85.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Malinowska; Ryszard Hejmanowski; Artur Guzy; Andrzej Kwinta; Paweł Ulmaniec. 2019. "The Sinkhole Occurrence Risk Mitigation in Urban Areas for the Historic Salt Mine." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 4, no. 2: 85.
Presented research focused on the development of a novel methodology for sinkhole risk assessment above shallow caverns in a salt mine. The research was carried out for the Wieliczka Salt Mine, which is registered on the UNESCO list and visited by near around 2 million tourists every year. The main assumption of the investigation was to estimate root cause of sinkhole occurrence on the surface. Based on the arch pressure theory the vertical stress in the roof of salt caverns was established. Constructed three-dimensional model of underground mine allowed to determine the stresses between the caverns. Furthermore, the caverns which were hazarded by roof collapse were indicated. Hybrid solution was supported by multicriteria risk analysis based on Analytic Hierarchy Process carried out in Geographical Information System. Spatial analysis led to the identification of caverns potentially influenced by other risk factors. Developed final risk maps were based on four the most significant risk factors leading to sinkhole occurrence. Vulnerability maps developed with support of Analytic Hierarchy Process indicated areas where habitants and infrastructure are exposed to sinkhole occurrence. Merging risk maps with vulnerability maps led to final hazard map, where urban areas susceptible to sinkhole occurrence were shown. In conclusion, the research carried out proved that combined spatial analysis with theoretical solution may pave the way for reliable sinkhole risk assessment above shallow caverns.
Agnieszka Malinowska; Artur Guzy; Ryszard Hejmanowski; P. Ulmaniec. Hybrid-approach for sinkhole occurrence risk mitigation in urban areas. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2019, 291, 012022 .
AMA StyleAgnieszka Malinowska, Artur Guzy, Ryszard Hejmanowski, P. Ulmaniec. Hybrid-approach for sinkhole occurrence risk mitigation in urban areas. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019; 291 (1):012022.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Malinowska; Artur Guzy; Ryszard Hejmanowski; P. Ulmaniec. 2019. "Hybrid-approach for sinkhole occurrence risk mitigation in urban areas." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 291, no. 1: 012022.
Anthropogenic activity related to the extraction of gas and oil, raw materials or water pumping leads to slow or rapid ground deformation. The ground motion rate is related to the type of the mined material, geological conditions, mining methods and other factors. Ground subsidence resulting from the collapse of underground post-mining voids occurs gradually. Mining-induced earthquakes and seismic earthquakes are largely unpredictable and have an adverse impact on the local inhabitants and buildings. For this reason, monitoring of this phenomenon is a challenge. The application of interferometric SAR for the evaluation of ground movement has brought satisfactory results over the past twenty years mainly in the regions where no other measurements were conducted during ground subsidence. In this paper we have examined a mining-induced earthquake with a magnitude 4.5 which occurred in an underground copper ore mine in Poland on 29th November 2016 and caused eight fatalities. It also had an impact on ground surface deformation in the vicinity of the mine tailings. An assessment of the earthquake-related impact on surface movement was carried out by Sentinel-1 TOPS time series interferometry. The velocity of ground movement and the scale of the phenomenon were investigated. In addition, the impact of the mining-induced earthquake on Zelazny Most mine tailings site was analyzed. Moreover, the process of dynamic ground compaction was also investigated in detail. Ground movement following the mine earthquake was explored. Two time phases of the movements were determined. The first phase of dynamic ground displacement was rapid and 90% of total ground deformation appeared on the surface within 7 days. The second phase of displacement was a ‘vanishing’ one; it lasted for approx. 3 weeks and 10% of ground deformation appeared on the surface. The study revealed that the maximum observed ground subsidence did not exceed 9 cm. The presented results contribute to a better understanding of post-mining earthquake ground deformations in the light of their spatial distribution in time.
Agnieszka A. Malinowska; Wojciech Witkowski; Artur Guzy; Ryszard Hejmanowski. Mapping ground movements caused by mining-induced earthquakes applying satellite radar interferometry. Engineering Geology 2018, 246, 402 -411.
AMA StyleAgnieszka A. Malinowska, Wojciech Witkowski, Artur Guzy, Ryszard Hejmanowski. Mapping ground movements caused by mining-induced earthquakes applying satellite radar interferometry. Engineering Geology. 2018; 246 ():402-411.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka A. Malinowska; Wojciech Witkowski; Artur Guzy; Ryszard Hejmanowski. 2018. "Mapping ground movements caused by mining-induced earthquakes applying satellite radar interferometry." Engineering Geology 246, no. : 402-411.