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The increasingly negative effects of climate change are caused by humans and can be solved only by humans. In the past two decades, researchers have conducted considerable studies devoted to the human side of sustainable innovation. The present work aimed to provide a structured overview of these studies in the frame of the Special Issue: The Human Side of Sustainable Innovations. In contrast to the concepts capturing the human side, the definitions and operationalizations of sustainability and sustainable innovations are considerably ambiguous. We identified six journals that exemplify three factors on the human side of sustainable innovation and elucidate the concept. For their findings to be conclusive, researchers need to engage in significant efforts in investigating the differences in the interpretation and recognition of sustainability, in establishing consensus on the sustainable behavior of actors, and in executing comparable studies and experiments. Moreover, future research needs to establish generally accepted evaluations and measurements of sustainability.
Jan Kratzer; Dodo Knyphausen-Aufseß; Gunter Festel. Glancing through Two Decades of Research on the Human Side of Sustainable Innovation: The Past, the Present, and Directions for Future Research. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6355 .
AMA StyleJan Kratzer, Dodo Knyphausen-Aufseß, Gunter Festel. Glancing through Two Decades of Research on the Human Side of Sustainable Innovation: The Past, the Present, and Directions for Future Research. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6355.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Kratzer; Dodo Knyphausen-Aufseß; Gunter Festel. 2021. "Glancing through Two Decades of Research on the Human Side of Sustainable Innovation: The Past, the Present, and Directions for Future Research." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6355.
The environmental context plays a very important role in the success of entrepreneurial behaviour. Governments used this opportunity by introducing specific programmes, but do social entrepreneurs have a comparable chance of getting governmental support as commercial entrepreneurs do in these programmes? We analyze the EXIST Start-up Grant in terms of likelihood for entrepreneurs following economic and social sustainable development goals (SDGs). Our results indicate that there is a decreased probability to get the EXIST Start-up Grant when following social SDGs. We argue that it is about time to introduce specific programmes for social innovation and/or reassess existing programmes in terms of their openness to social entrepreneurs.
Karina Cagarman; Jan Kratzer; Laura Von Arnim; Kristina Fajga; Michaela Gieseke. Social Entrepreneurship on Its Way to Significance: The Case of Germany. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8954 .
AMA StyleKarina Cagarman, Jan Kratzer, Laura Von Arnim, Kristina Fajga, Michaela Gieseke. Social Entrepreneurship on Its Way to Significance: The Case of Germany. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8954.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarina Cagarman; Jan Kratzer; Laura Von Arnim; Kristina Fajga; Michaela Gieseke. 2020. "Social Entrepreneurship on Its Way to Significance: The Case of Germany." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8954.
The occurrence and scientific investigation of the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship are rather new. The term is very popular among politicians and is reflected in a lot of the political demands and willingness that they express. However, a review of the literature about it shows that there is no common ground or frame, and the historical developments are different in different countries and economies. Based on a study of the literature, a two-phase survey following the ‘Policy Delphi’ approach was conducted in Germany in order to enlighten this frameless picture of social entrepreneurship. Our results indicate five dimensions that extend the core term: ‘social’, namely ‘Societal–Visionary’, ‘Ecological’, ‘Societal–Entrepreneurial’, ‘Economic’, and ‘Innovative–Entrepreneurial’. The degree of intercorrelation among the five dimensions shows that four factors, namely ‘Societal–Visionary’, ‘Societal–Entrepreneurial’, ‘Economic’, and ‘Innovative–Entrepreneurial’, have low to medium-high correlations. The fifth factor, ‘Ecological’, has the weakest correlation with all other factors.
Karina Cagarman; Jan Kratzer; Katharina Osbelt. Social Entrepreneurship: Dissection of a Phenomenon through a German Lens. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7764 .
AMA StyleKarina Cagarman, Jan Kratzer, Katharina Osbelt. Social Entrepreneurship: Dissection of a Phenomenon through a German Lens. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7764.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarina Cagarman; Jan Kratzer; Katharina Osbelt. 2020. "Social Entrepreneurship: Dissection of a Phenomenon through a German Lens." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7764.
Despite extensive investigations, full comprehension of consumer innovativeness remains elusive during adolescence. This study explores the different routes by which self-esteem may prompt consumer innovativeness. We find two distinctive routes through individuation (need for uniqueness, NFU) and social network (social betweenness), each of which mediates the relationship between self-esteem and consumer innovativeness. A sample of 747 adolescents reveals that consumer innovativeness requires a balance between NFU and betweenness centrality, such that adolescents are both linked to diverse groups and ready to deviate from group norms to establish their difference. These findings help consolidate prior conceptual considerations of consumer innovativeness and empirical studies that focus on social networks of innovators. In addition, age and gender have moderating effects. With these results, industry actors can derive more efficient methods to identify adolescents who exhibit the personality trait of consumer innovativeness and also better understand their motives to innovate.
Elodie Gentina; Jan Kratzer. An integrative model of the influence of self-esteem on adolescents’ consumer innovativeness: the mediating role of social network position and need for uniqueness. Industry and Innovation 2020, 27, 1110 -1132.
AMA StyleElodie Gentina, Jan Kratzer. An integrative model of the influence of self-esteem on adolescents’ consumer innovativeness: the mediating role of social network position and need for uniqueness. Industry and Innovation. 2020; 27 (10):1110-1132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElodie Gentina; Jan Kratzer. 2020. "An integrative model of the influence of self-esteem on adolescents’ consumer innovativeness: the mediating role of social network position and need for uniqueness." Industry and Innovation 27, no. 10: 1110-1132.
Does the increasing awareness of environmental risk exposure also affect intentions to create enterprises which address these social and environmental failures? Besides economic explanations that social and environmental needs and market failure create opportunities for sustainable entrepreneurship, it is less clear how cognitive processes and motivations related to sustainable entrepreneurship are shaped by its context. This research integrates environmental risk exposure as a contextual variable into the theory of planned behavior and uses data gathered in the course of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. We provide empirical evidence for the impact of environmental risk exposure on the determinants of sustainable entrepreneurial intention and contribute to a deeper understanding of the formation of sustainable entrepreneurial intention.
Laura H. Middermann; Jan Kratzer; Susanne Perner. The Impact of Environmental Risk Exposure on the Determinants of Sustainable Entrepreneurship. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1534 .
AMA StyleLaura H. Middermann, Jan Kratzer, Susanne Perner. The Impact of Environmental Risk Exposure on the Determinants of Sustainable Entrepreneurship. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1534.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura H. Middermann; Jan Kratzer; Susanne Perner. 2020. "The Impact of Environmental Risk Exposure on the Determinants of Sustainable Entrepreneurship." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1534.
Business activities are the major driver against sustainable transformations and meeting the 17 UN sustainable development goals. This also counts for the global chemical industry. One way to escape this dilemma is to utilize start-ups in order to propel a sustainable transformation. However, starting up in the age of sustainability requires to focus on three vital aspects for start-ups. First, the sustainable footprint has to be measurable. Second, without involving lead user’s new sustainable technology will hardly appear. And finally, third, start-ups need sustainable authenticity in order to attract staff, partners and investors.
Jan Kratzer. Starting up in the age of sustainability. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2020, 21, 89 -92.
AMA StyleJan Kratzer. Starting up in the age of sustainability. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry. 2020; 21 ():89-92.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Kratzer. 2020. "Starting up in the age of sustainability." Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 21, no. : 89-92.
Facing heightened levels of political instability and institutional fragility, several sub-Saharan African countries have been responding with innovation policies and entrepreneurship support structures. With little scholarly knowledge on who those entrepreneurs are at an individual level, however, the ability to effectively support innovative new ventures in some of the world's most compromised regions would remain limited. Based on a sample of 232 entrepreneurs, this study attempts to enlighten the relationship between personality characteristics of entrepreneurs and their behaviors and subsequent success. This study thereby extends the entrepreneurship literature applying the Five-Factor Model of Personality to a new context while enriching knowledge on the personality-behavior relationship in entrepreneurship. Several findings and theoretical concepts are synthesized while evaluating new venture success from a behavioral lens among largely innovative, social-driven entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan countries, providing important implications for research, policy, and practice.
Lubna Rashid; Khaled Alzafari; Jan Kratzer. Founder Personalities, Behaviors and New Venture Success in Sub-Saharan Africa. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2019, 151, 119766 .
AMA StyleLubna Rashid, Khaled Alzafari, Jan Kratzer. Founder Personalities, Behaviors and New Venture Success in Sub-Saharan Africa. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2019; 151 ():119766.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLubna Rashid; Khaled Alzafari; Jan Kratzer. 2019. "Founder Personalities, Behaviors and New Venture Success in Sub-Saharan Africa." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 151, no. : 119766.
It is widely agreed that humanity faces major sustainability challenges that require immediate action. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are the most recent political call for action in this direction. In this study, we examine what role entrepreneurship in Germany plays in achieving the German SDGs. Thus, we pick up the discussion on sustainable entrepreneurship as a lever for change and search for empirical evidence that entrepreneurs in Germany identify and develop opportunities along the entire SDG spectrum. For our study, we examined a total of 193 venture competitions in Germany, collected data on a total of 588 rewarded ventures and used a semi-automated content analysis process to allocate those ventures to the main 17 SDGs based on their business activities. With our work offer a scalable and repeatable approach to map SDG related activity of new ventures, and we provide a detailed analysis of Germany's entrepreneurship landscape along the 17 SDGs. We found a very heterogeneous distribution of entrepreneurial activities along the goals, but also significant correlations between multiple goals that are frequently addressed jointly. Contrasting entrepreneurial activity along the SDGs with the national overall SDG performance of Germany we identified multiple SDGs that are rarely addressed by entrepreneurs despite strong needs for improvements. The identified patterns constitute a starting point for additional research on the potential of SDG related entrepreneurship and they direct policy makers and entrepreneurs where they can make the largest contribution to the SDGs.
Jannic Horne; Malte Recker; Ingo Michelfelder; Jason Jay; Jan Kratzer. Exploring entrepreneurship related to the sustainable development goals - mapping new venture activities with semi-automated content analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 242, 118052 .
AMA StyleJannic Horne, Malte Recker, Ingo Michelfelder, Jason Jay, Jan Kratzer. Exploring entrepreneurship related to the sustainable development goals - mapping new venture activities with semi-automated content analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 242 ():118052.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJannic Horne; Malte Recker; Ingo Michelfelder; Jason Jay; Jan Kratzer. 2019. "Exploring entrepreneurship related to the sustainable development goals - mapping new venture activities with semi-automated content analysis." Journal of Cleaner Production 242, no. : 118052.
Jan Kratzer. R&D Networks. Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining 2018, 2024 -2027.
AMA StyleJan Kratzer. R&D Networks. Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining. 2018; ():2024-2027.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Kratzer. 2018. "R&D Networks." Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining , no. : 2024-2027.
Purpose This study deals with the impact of resource scarcity on the innovation performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this paper is to scrutinise whether resource scarcity among SMEs has an effect on their innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach The sample was based on panel data for 302 SMEs from the mechanical and electrical engineering sectors. Firms were divided into four groups by resource scarcity: human resource scarcity, financial resource scarcity, both types of resource scarcity and no resource scarcity. To test for significant inter-group differences in innovation performance, multivariate analysis of covariance and a multiple discriminant function analysis were carried out. Findings The results indicated that resource scarcity can have a positive effect on incremental but not radical innovation performance in SMEs. However, the authors found this to be true for financial resource scarcity only. Research limitations/implications These results may not be applicable to all SMEs, as the authors only focused on the industries of mechanical and electrical engineering. Future studies should focus on analysing the internal structures of SMEs that led to this study’s results. More research should also be conducted on ways that resource-limited SMEs can appropriately conduct radical innovations. Finally, resources should be made available for both practitioners and academics, explaining why the acquisition of resources is not always be the best option in response to limited resources. Practical implications These results indicate that resource-constrained SMEs, especially those that struggle with limited finances, should concentrate their innovation activities on incremental rather than radical innovations. Originality/value This study closes the knowledge gap as to whether it is beneficial for resource-limited SMEs to focus on either incremental or radical innovation. From the theoretical viewpoint, the resource-based view provides two strategies for resource-limited SMEs: acquiring new resources or recombining available resources. The authors were able to clearly demonstrate for the first time that the recombination of resources is especially important for SMEs that specifically wish to pursue incremental innovation.
Tino Woschke; Heiko Haase; Jan Kratzer. Resource scarcity in SMEs: effects on incremental and radical innovations. Management Research Review 2017, 40, 195 -217.
AMA StyleTino Woschke, Heiko Haase, Jan Kratzer. Resource scarcity in SMEs: effects on incremental and radical innovations. Management Research Review. 2017; 40 (2):195-217.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTino Woschke; Heiko Haase; Jan Kratzer. 2017. "Resource scarcity in SMEs: effects on incremental and radical innovations." Management Research Review 40, no. 2: 195-217.
The field of lead user research has seen a great deal of attention from academics and practitioners alike. However, we still lack a full understanding of the nature of users with high potential for innovation. In this paper, we employ a social network perspective on lead users. Increasing the realism of our research in three empirical studies with different empirical settings and methods, we provide robust evidence that lead users have a distinctive social network position: They exhibit an unusually high level of “betweenness centrality,” meaning that they are positioned as bridges between different social groups. This finding has two major implications for lead user theory. First, it consolidates seminal conceptual work on lead users and their embeddedness in social networks. And second, the findings extend and validate prior work on the social network perspective of lead users by combining theoretical insights from cognitive psychology, research on creativity, and network theory. As the social network positions of individuals can be mapped quickly and at low cost with modern Web mining tools, our findings may point to a new and readily applicable approach for the efficient and effective identification of lead users in real-life projects, an aspect that is usually emphasized as the most crucial activity in lead user projects.
Jan Kratzer; Christopher Lettl; Nikolaus Franke; Peter A. Gloor. The Social Network Position of Lead Users. Journal of Product Innovation Management 2015, 33, 201 -216.
AMA StyleJan Kratzer, Christopher Lettl, Nikolaus Franke, Peter A. Gloor. The Social Network Position of Lead Users. Journal of Product Innovation Management. 2015; 33 (2):201-216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Kratzer; Christopher Lettl; Nikolaus Franke; Peter A. Gloor. 2015. "The Social Network Position of Lead Users." Journal of Product Innovation Management 33, no. 2: 201-216.
Wir untersuchten das Management von Netzwerken kleiner und mittlerer Unternehmen (KMU), deren Teilnehmer zum Zweck gemeinsamer Innovationsleistungen kooperieren. Mit Fokus auf die effektiven Managementfunktionen, die nach dem aus der Witte-Schule stammenden Promotorenmodell operationalisiert wurden, erörterten wir in einer qualitativen Vorstudie (n=23) zunächst, welche Steuerungsinhalte Netzwerkteilnehmer an Netzwerkmanager adressieren. Um das jeweilige Netzwerkmanagement als situativen Wirkfaktor auf den Innovationserfolg eines Netzwerks herauszustellen, untersuchten wir in der Hauptstudie (n=893) mittels hierarchischer Modellierung, welche der Steuerungsinhalte auf die Qualität respektive Quantität von Innovationen wirken. Weiterhin untersuchten wir die Relevanz des Kontextfaktors ‚Zeit‘ bzw. Netzwerkphase im Verhältnis zur individuellen Managementwahrnehmung. Das Ergebnis dieser Studie zeigt, dass Netzwerkmanager als Fach- und Beziehungspromotoren einen positiven Effekt auf Innovationsqualität haben, während sie als Machtpromotoren Innovationsquantität befördern. Innovationsqualitöt nimmt im Lauf der Zusammenarbeit ab; ein Netzwerkmanagement als Beziehungspromotor vermag diesem Trend in späteren Phasen des Netzwerks jedoch entgegenzuwirken. We examine the management of networks of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME), whose members cooperate for the purpose of joint innovations. Focusing on effective management qualities that have been operationalized according to the Witte-school promoter model, we first discuss which leadership aspects network participants seek in their network managers in a qualitative preliminary study (n=23). To reveal network management as a situational potency factor regarding the innovation success of a network, in the main study (n=893) we investigate, through the use of Hierarchical Modeling, which management features affect the quality and the quantity of innovation. Furthermore, we examine the relevance of the contextual factor ‘time’ represented by the network phase in relation to individual perceptions of the management. This study shows that network managers as technical and relationship promoters have a positive effect on the quality of innovation, while as power promoters they foster a greater quantity of innovation. The quality of innovation decreases in the course of cooperation; however, network management keeps on functioning as a relationship promoter in the later phases of the network.
Julia Ringwelski; Dr. Jan Kratzer. Promotorenarbeit von Managern staatlich geförderter Netzwerke kleiner und mittlerer Unternehmen – Wirkungen auf die Qualität und Quantität von Innovationen. Managementforschung 2014, 207 -244.
AMA StyleJulia Ringwelski, Dr. Jan Kratzer. Promotorenarbeit von Managern staatlich geförderter Netzwerke kleiner und mittlerer Unternehmen – Wirkungen auf die Qualität und Quantität von Innovationen. Managementforschung. 2014; ():207-244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Ringwelski; Dr. Jan Kratzer. 2014. "Promotorenarbeit von Managern staatlich geförderter Netzwerke kleiner und mittlerer Unternehmen – Wirkungen auf die Qualität und Quantität von Innovationen." Managementforschung , no. : 207-244.
ObjectivesInnovative work behavior is a core demand of healthcare professionals who treat patients with rare diseases. In healthcare services, determinants of innovative work behavior are not completely detected. This paper focuses on how the existence of guidelines and the flexibility of healthcare professionals in taking on extra roles in the workplace enable innovative work behavior.MethodWe used survey data from 160 healthcare professionals working in Germany in the field of rare diseases, including physicians, caregivers, and therapists. A mediation model was statistically tested using linear multiple regression analysis.ResultsThe existence of guidelines for operational processes contributes to innovative work behavior by integrating the stages of knowledge acquisition, idea generation, and solution implementation. Individuals’ flexibility in their role ownership mediates this relationship. In addition, we found evidence that physicians are more active in acquiring knowledge, whereas nurses or therapists show more initiative in generating new ideas.ConclusionEngaging in different roles enables healthcare professionals to demonstrate initiative for innovative work behavior aside from the completion of their daily tasks. The assumption of new roles may be encouraged by the creation of overall guidelines that raise awareness for the workers’ need to take on extra tasks and innovative behavior
Maura Kessel; Henrike Hannemann-Weber; Jan Kratzer. Innovative work behavior in healthcare: The benefit of operational guidelines in the treatment of rare diseases. Health Policy 2012, 105, 146 -153.
AMA StyleMaura Kessel, Henrike Hannemann-Weber, Jan Kratzer. Innovative work behavior in healthcare: The benefit of operational guidelines in the treatment of rare diseases. Health Policy. 2012; 105 (2-3):146-153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaura Kessel; Henrike Hannemann-Weber; Jan Kratzer. 2012. "Innovative work behavior in healthcare: The benefit of operational guidelines in the treatment of rare diseases." Health Policy 105, no. 2-3: 146-153.
In den letzten Jahren hat das Lead User Konzept in der Forschung wie in der Praxis von Unternehmen große Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Zwar gibt es bereits eine breite empirische Evidenz für das hohe Potenzial von Lead Usern für die Entwicklung neuer Produkte, so fehlt doch bisher ein umfassendes Verständnis, was Lead User eigentlich ausmacht und was es Konsumenten ermöglicht, zu Lead Usern zu werden. Unsere Studie greift diese beiden zentralen Problemstellungen auf und fokussiert dabei auf den sozialen Kontext, da individuelle kreative Prozesse in sozialen Netzwerken entstehen. Dies führt zu unserer Forschungsfrage: Haben Lead User eine spezielle soziale Position in sozialen Netzwerken? Die empirische Untersuchung an 34 Gruppen mit insgesamt 804 jungen Konsumenten brachte zwei generelle Erkenntnisse: 1. Lead User fungieren als Bindeglied zwischen verschiedenen Gruppen. Diese Position impliziert, dass die Reichweite und die Vielfalt des von ihnen erhaltenen und verteilten Wissens größer sind als bei anderen Nutzern. 2. Dieser Befund ist unabhängig vom Alter der Konsumenten. Die Ergebnisse unserer Studie liefern einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Entwicklung neuer Ansätze für die Identifizierung von Lead Usern in verschiedenen Settings, darunter Web-2.0-Communities. In recent years, the lead user concept has received a great deal of attention in both academic research and corporate practice. Despite broad empirical evidence regarding the high potential of lead users for new product development, we still lack a full understanding of their nature and what enables individual consumers to become lead users. Our study addresses these fundamental issues in lead user research and examines them from a perspective which focuses on the social context of individual consumers. This angle is promising and fruitful as individual creative processes are couched in social networks. As a result, our investigation is guided by the following research question: Do lead users have a distinct social ‘footprint’ in social networks? We chose 34 groups of 804 young consumers as the empirical setting for our study, which yields two general findings: First, lead users are positioned as bridging links between different clusters of people. Being in this ‘boundary-spanning’ position implies that lead users have a wider reach and variety in receiving and distributing information and knowledge. Second, this finding is robust across different age groups. The insights from our study contribute to developing new means of identifying lead users in different settings, including Web 2.0 communities.
Dr. Jan Kratzer; Dr. Christopher Lettl. Die Identifizierung von Lead Usern über soziale Netzwerke: Eine empirische Untersuchung unter jungen Konsumenten. Journal of Business Economics 2011, 81, 83 -109.
AMA StyleDr. Jan Kratzer, Dr. Christopher Lettl. Die Identifizierung von Lead Usern über soziale Netzwerke: Eine empirische Untersuchung unter jungen Konsumenten. Journal of Business Economics. 2011; 81 (S5):83-109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDr. Jan Kratzer; Dr. Christopher Lettl. 2011. "Die Identifizierung von Lead Usern über soziale Netzwerke: Eine empirische Untersuchung unter jungen Konsumenten." Journal of Business Economics 81, no. S5: 83-109.
Since the creative product development task requires the teams to combine and integrate input from multiple other teams, the team’s structure of interaction is an important determinant of their creativity. In this study we investigate different structural aspects of social networks of such team’s and their creativity within two multinational product development programs (PDPs). There are two main results. First, teams with a wider range of informational links are better to realize creative novel and feasible output. Second, in contrast to prior findings our results indicate that network efficiency and the creativity of teams relate negatively. This suggests that direct contacts contribute much more to creativity than open network structures. In managerial terms our investigation indicates that the network structure of teams in PDPs is an important issue to consider when designing such programs and that tools should be available to assist their direct interaction.
Jan Kratzer; Roger Th.A.J. Leenders; Jo M.L. Van Engelen. The social network among engineering design teams and their creativity: A case study among teams in two product development programs. International Journal of Project Management 2010, 28, 428 -436.
AMA StyleJan Kratzer, Roger Th.A.J. Leenders, Jo M.L. Van Engelen. The social network among engineering design teams and their creativity: A case study among teams in two product development programs. International Journal of Project Management. 2010; 28 (5):428-436.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Kratzer; Roger Th.A.J. Leenders; Jo M.L. Van Engelen. 2010. "The social network among engineering design teams and their creativity: A case study among teams in two product development programs." International Journal of Project Management 28, no. 5: 428-436.