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Dr. Kennedy Doro
University of Toledo, Main Campus, Toledo, Ohio

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0 Geophysics
0 Hydrology
0 Site Characterization
0 Water Resources
0 Hydrogeophysics

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Preprint content
Published: 26 May 2021
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Drainage tiles were used to drain wetlands in the midwestern United States to convert them into farmlands. With decades of farm operations, utility maps showing tiles’ locations are now mostly innaccurate or simply do not exist. However, knowledge of the location of tile networks is needed to effectively restore these farmlands to their original wetlands conditions. With many fields spanning several hectares, efficiently locating drainage tiles at large farmfields can be problematic. Drainage tiles create variations in soil physical properties including moisture content, surface temperature and dielectric permeativity within and around the pipes which can be sensed by geophysical methods. Our study assesses the application of electromagnetic radiation via visible and thermal infrared imaging using an unmanned aerial vehicle and ground penetrating radar (GPR) to locate drainage tiles at large farmfield scale. The study was conducted at the Sandhill Crane wetland, a 1.1 km2 old agricultural field located in Swanton, Ohio. A UAV equiped with visible and thermal infrared cameras acquired imagery on a regular grid and about 100 GPR lines were measured using a 250 MHz radar system. Both visible and thermal infrared images identified the drainage tiles and their orientations. GPR profiles reveal the drainage tiles mostly in a parallel East-West direction. By using a UTV to pull the GPR system, we efficiently collected data along long profiles covering the entire site. The delineated tile network will improve management of the anthropogenically altered hydrology at the site as it is being restored into its original wetland conditions.

ACS Style

Anna M. Becker; Richard H. Becker; Kennedy O. Doro. Locating drainage tiles at a wetland restoration site within the Oak Openings region of Ohio, United States using UAV and land based geophysical techniques. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Anna M. Becker, Richard H. Becker, Kennedy O. Doro. Locating drainage tiles at a wetland restoration site within the Oak Openings region of Ohio, United States using UAV and land based geophysical techniques. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anna M. Becker; Richard H. Becker; Kennedy O. Doro. 2021. "Locating drainage tiles at a wetland restoration site within the Oak Openings region of Ohio, United States using UAV and land based geophysical techniques." , no. : 1.

Data article
Published: 21 July 2020 in Data in Brief
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Magnetic survey using multiple magnetometers to obtain gradiometric data can be used as a non-destructive method to search for buried firearms. We present magnetic dataset collected above a set of weapons buried at 0.6 m, 1.2 m, and 1.8 m depths. We provide three datafiles: two datafiles were collected on a coarse grid (1 m by 0.5 m) before and after burial of the weapons, and a third one collected on a fine grid (0.25 m by 0.1 m) after the burial of the weapons which concentrates on the area of buried firearms. We used a Gem Systems GSM-19GW Overhauser gradiometer consisting of two sensors with a relative vertical separation of 55 cm. Data acquisition was done via non-automated point measurements within a gridded measurement domain with data collection locations managed using measurement tape. Each field campaign resulted in about 3,000 data points. In addition, we developed a set of MATLAB scripts to model the magnetic anomalies (total field and gradient) for buried firearms, this set is also included here. The data and modeling scripts relate to a research article published in Forensic Science International (Deng et al., Suitability of magnetometry to detect clandestine buried firearms from a controlled field site and numerical modeling [1]). The dataset may be helpful for testing new algorithms for weapons detection while the numerical codes can be modified and applied for simulating magnetic anomalies resulting from similar buried objects with potential application in the sub-disciplines of forensic and archaeological geophysics.

ACS Style

Kennedy O. Doro; Elijah Achuoth Deng; Carl-Georg Bank. Gradient magnetometer dataset and MATLAB numerical code for simulating buried firearms at a controlled field site. Data in Brief 2020, 31, 106050 .

AMA Style

Kennedy O. Doro, Elijah Achuoth Deng, Carl-Georg Bank. Gradient magnetometer dataset and MATLAB numerical code for simulating buried firearms at a controlled field site. Data in Brief. 2020; 31 ():106050.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kennedy O. Doro; Elijah Achuoth Deng; Carl-Georg Bank. 2020. "Gradient magnetometer dataset and MATLAB numerical code for simulating buried firearms at a controlled field site." Data in Brief 31, no. : 106050.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2020 in Forensic Science International
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The detection of buried firearms remains a critical issue in law enforcement. We assess the suitability of magnetic gradiometers to detect buried rifles and handguns at multiple depths using numerical modeling and field investigations. Our simulation is based on a simple approach to characterize handguns and rifles as long magnetic dipoles with the firearm characterized by its magnetization, length, centre, azimuth and plunge which allows us to calculate their total magnetic field and gradient anomalies. We compare these synthetic data to field gradiometer data collected with a Gem Systems GSM-19GW Overhauser magnetometer at a field site near Toronto, Canada, where six firearms are buried. Our field magnetometer consists of two sensors with a relative vertical sepration of 0.55 m. We measure the largest anomaly (+/−20 nT) for a rifle at 0.6 m depth, and the smallest anomaly (+/−2 nT) for a handgun buried at 1.8 m depth. The measured anomalies spatially coincide with the locations of weapons while dipole anomalies align along the orientation of the firearms. Our modeling results show that vertically buried weapons produce significantly stronger anomalies than horizontal ones, and even slight tilts enhance the anomalies. We recommend a 0.25 m grid spacing to search for weapons using magnetometry. Our study shows that a range of firearms buried up to 1.8 m can be detected, suggesting that gradient magnetometers are useful tools in forensic weapon searches.

ACS Style

Elijah Achuoth Deng; Kennedy O. Doro; Carl-Georg Bank. Suitability of magnetometry to detect clandestine buried firearms from a controlled field site and numerical modeling. Forensic Science International 2020, 314, 110396 .

AMA Style

Elijah Achuoth Deng, Kennedy O. Doro, Carl-Georg Bank. Suitability of magnetometry to detect clandestine buried firearms from a controlled field site and numerical modeling. Forensic Science International. 2020; 314 ():110396.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elijah Achuoth Deng; Kennedy O. Doro; Carl-Georg Bank. 2020. "Suitability of magnetometry to detect clandestine buried firearms from a controlled field site and numerical modeling." Forensic Science International 314, no. : 110396.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2020 in Sustainability
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Effective public policies are needed to manage a nation’s natural resources, including soil and water. However, making such policies currently requires a shift from a traditional qualitative approach to a mix of scientific data, evidence and the relevant social elements, termed data-driven policymaking. Nigeria, like most developing countries, falls short of the framework for this approach. Nevertheless, the lack of potable water in some regions and the continuous degradation of farmable lands call for intervention through effective policy formulation and implementation. In this work, we present a conceptual workflow as a strategic step towards developing a framework for a data-driven soil and water resources management policy. A review of the current legal and policy framework and selected scientific literature on soil and water resources in Nigeria is presented. Analysis of the National Water Resources Bill proposed in 2018 is used to highlight existing gaps between policy, scientific data and reality. Modern field techniques and project-based examples for soil and aquifer characterization that can be adapted for local use are presented. While government must take responsibility for the poor policy framework, the research community is challenged on the need for scientific data as a base for effective policy formulation and implementation.

ACS Style

Kennedy Doro; Solomon Ehosioke; Ahzegbobor Aizebeokhai. Sustainable Soil and Water Resources Management in Nigeria: The Need for a Data-Driven Policy Approach. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Kennedy Doro, Solomon Ehosioke, Ahzegbobor Aizebeokhai. Sustainable Soil and Water Resources Management in Nigeria: The Need for a Data-Driven Policy Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kennedy Doro; Solomon Ehosioke; Ahzegbobor Aizebeokhai. 2020. "Sustainable Soil and Water Resources Management in Nigeria: The Need for a Data-Driven Policy Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 1.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2014 in Groundwater
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Numerical and laboratory studies have provided evidence that combining hydraulic tomography with tomographic tracer tests could improve the estimation of hydraulic conductivity compared with using hydraulic data alone. Field demonstrations, however, have been lacking so far, which we attribute to experimental difficulties. In this study, we present a conceptual design and experimental applications of tracer tomography at the field scale using heat as a tracer. In our experimental design, we improve active heat tracer testing by minimizing possible effects of heat losses, buoyancy, viscosity, and changing boundary conditions. We also utilize a cost‐effective approach of measuring temperature changes in situ at high resolution. We apply the presented method to the 8 m thick heterogeneous, sandy gravel, alluvial aquifer at the Lauswiesen Hydrogeological Research Site in Tübingen, Germany. Results of our tomographic heat‐tracer experiments are in line with earlier work on characterizing the aquifer at the test site. We demonstrate from the experimental perspective that tracer tomography is applicable and suitable at the field scale using heat as a tracer. The experimental results also demonstrate the potential of heat‐tracer tomography as a cost‐effective means for characterizing aquifer heterogeneity.

ACS Style

Kennedy O. Doro; Olaf A. Cirpka; Carsten Leven. Tracer Tomography: Design Concepts and Field Experiments Using Heat as a Tracer. Groundwater 2014, 53, 139 -148.

AMA Style

Kennedy O. Doro, Olaf A. Cirpka, Carsten Leven. Tracer Tomography: Design Concepts and Field Experiments Using Heat as a Tracer. Groundwater. 2014; 53 (S1):139-148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kennedy O. Doro; Olaf A. Cirpka; Carsten Leven. 2014. "Tracer Tomography: Design Concepts and Field Experiments Using Heat as a Tracer." Groundwater 53, no. S1: 139-148.

Chapter
Published: 18 February 2014 in Geological Storage of CO2 – Long Term Security Aspects
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The extraction of groundwater for drinking water purposes is one of the most important uses of the natural subsurface. Sustainable management of groundwater resources requires detailed knowledge of the hydraulic properties within the subsurface. Typically, these properties are not directly accessible. The evaluation of hydraulic properties therefore requires hydraulic stimuli of the subsurface (e.g., injection and extraction of groundwater, tracer tests, etc.) with subsequent data analysis. In this context, tomographic techniques and inversion strategies originally derived for geophysical surveying can be transferred to hydraulic applications. In addition, geophysical techniques may be used to monitor hydraulic tests. The latter requires fully coupled hydrogeophysical inversion strategies, accounting for the entire process chain from hydraulic properties via flow and transport to the application of the geophysical surveying techniques. The project “Tomographic methods in hydrogeology” focuses on the development of a geostatistical inversion method for transient tomographic data of multiple hydraulic investigation techniques, the model-based optimal design of tomographic surveys, and the development of experimental techniques and equipment for an efficient execution of tomographic surveys in a hydrogeological context using the model-based design and providing data for the inversion. In this chapter we will show selected examples of the project’s outcome. The examples include developments related to the joint geostatistical inversion of tomographic data sets, its efficient parallelization, and its application to a 3D-inversion of tomographic thermal tracer tests. Furthermore we present a method for solving the inversion of transient tomographic data sets which usually suffer from high computational efforts. Related to the acquisition of tomographic data sets, we also discuss the development of tracer-tomographic methods using heat as tracer.

ACS Style

Olaf A. Cirpka; Carsten Leven; Ronnie L Schwede; Kennedy Doro; Peter Bastian; Olaf Ippisch; Ole Klein; Arno Patzelt. Tomographic Methods in Hydrogeology. Geological Storage of CO2 – Long Term Security Aspects 2014, 157 -176.

AMA Style

Olaf A. Cirpka, Carsten Leven, Ronnie L Schwede, Kennedy Doro, Peter Bastian, Olaf Ippisch, Ole Klein, Arno Patzelt. Tomographic Methods in Hydrogeology. Geological Storage of CO2 – Long Term Security Aspects. 2014; ():157-176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Olaf A. Cirpka; Carsten Leven; Ronnie L Schwede; Kennedy Doro; Peter Bastian; Olaf Ippisch; Ole Klein; Arno Patzelt. 2014. "Tomographic Methods in Hydrogeology." Geological Storage of CO2 – Long Term Security Aspects , no. : 157-176.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2013 in Environmental Earth Sciences
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Stratigraphic heterogeneity is a key controlling factor for flow and transport in groundwater systems. In this case study, we have combined two- and three-dimensional images of electric resistivity with hydrogeological data to delineate such stratigraphic heterogeneity at a loop of River Steinlach close to Tübingen, Germany, where we estimated spatially varying aquifer parameters using established evaluation techniques. We developed a three-layer stratigraphic model consisting of heterogeneous sandy gravel overlain by a fine alluvium including top soil, and underlain by sandstone weathered at its top. The sandy gravel makes up the aquifer unit while we interpret the sandstone as aquitard. We classified the area into two stratigraphic segments based on resistivity data. The Southern segment consists of a thicker alluvium where the aquifer material contains more clay than in the Northern segment. Two different stratigraphic structures were also delineated at the Southern and Northern segments, respectively. These structures are visible in inversion results as low-resistivity features trending in the SE–NW in the Southern segment and NE–NW in the Northern segment. Both structures may be previous flow paths of River Steinlach, and the low permeability material overlying them may impair flow exchange in the area. We performed slug and pumping tests to estimate the hydraulic conductivity (K) of the aquifer. The K distributions show slight variation with higher values obtained at wells within the Northern segment and close to the river bank. A qualitative comparison of measured hydraulic conductivities with the resistivity distribution shows good agreement of the spatial patterns. The stratigraphic and hydraulic heterogeneities delineated in this work are important for experimental and modeling studies of flow, transport, and hyporheic exchange at the site.

ACS Style

Kennedy O. Doro; Carsten Leven; Olaf A. Cirpka. Delineating subsurface heterogeneity at a loop of River Steinlach using geophysical and hydrogeological methods. Environmental Earth Sciences 2013, 69, 335 -348.

AMA Style

Kennedy O. Doro, Carsten Leven, Olaf A. Cirpka. Delineating subsurface heterogeneity at a loop of River Steinlach using geophysical and hydrogeological methods. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2013; 69 (2):335-348.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kennedy O. Doro; Carsten Leven; Olaf A. Cirpka. 2013. "Delineating subsurface heterogeneity at a loop of River Steinlach using geophysical and hydrogeological methods." Environmental Earth Sciences 69, no. 2: 335-348.