Previous studies have shown that some dietary components may be implicated in the etiology of spontaneous abortion. However, the possible relationship between diet-related inflammation and the risk of abortion has not yet been investigated. We examined the ability of the literature-derived Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) to predict the abortion incidence in women suffering from recurrent abortion in a case-control study conducted from April 2010 to March 2011. This included 67 incident cases and 68 controls (frequency matched to cases by age) who attended infertility and miscarriage specialized centers in Tehran, Iran. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a validated and reproducible 168 item food-frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable ORs adjusted for age, education, occupation, and body mass index. Subjects with higher DII scores (i.e., a more pro-inflammatory diet) had higher odds of abortion, with the DII being used as a continuous variable (OR_continuous = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.02–4.43). When analysis was carried out with DII expressed as a dichotomous variable, women in the pro-inflammatory diet group (DII > 1.24) were at 2.12 times higher odds of having abortion compared with women in the referent group (DII ≤ 1.24) (ORDII_{>1.24/≤1.24} = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.02–4.43). In the same study, for every 1-unit increase in DII, there was a corresponding increase in interleukin-6 by 0.15 pg/mL, 95% CI (<0.01, 0.28). In conclusion, subjects who consumed a more pro-inflammatory diet were at increased odds of abortion compared with those who consumed a more anti-inflammatory diet.

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine abnormalities in women. Due to the side effects of drugs, the tendency to use natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents to regulate metabolism, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia in PCOS patients has been increased. This review aimed to investigate the role of herbal substances on the treatment of PCOS. Methods: The present review was carried out using keywords such as polycystic ovary syndrome and/or PCOS and/or herb. Databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and Science Direct were used to collect all related articles published from 1990 to 2019. We excluded studies unrelated to the PCOS and medical herbs. Results: Overall, 361 records were identified through database searching. After primary screening and the full-texts assessment, 323 records were excluded, and 38 articles were finally included. The results indicate that some medicinal herbs may have a key role in treating PCOS. The compounds in these medical herbs can affect lipid profiles ( Aloe vera , chamomile, and cinnamon), insulin resistance (cinnamon, chamomile, Aloe vera , and Camellia sinensis ), blood glucose ( Aloe vera , cinnamon, and Camellia sinensis ), hormones ( Aloe vera , silymarin, chamomile, fenugreek, Camellia sinensis , Heracleum persicum , Potentilla , Mentha spicata , Foeniculum vulgar , licorice, and Marrubium ), and ovarian tissue ( Aloe vera , chamomile, Camellia sinensis , Mentha spicata , and silymarin). Conclusion: Natural substances such as Aloe vera , cinnamon, green tea, fenugreek, and silymarin can be used as a new supportive care for PCOS. Further clinical trials are warranted to confirm their benefits and safety.

The possible relationship between diet-related inflammation and the risk of prediabetes requires further investigation, especially in non-Western populations. We examined the ability of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict the risk of prediabetes in a case-control study conducted at specialized centers in Esfahan, Iran. A total of 214 incident cases of prediabetes were selected with the nonrandom sampling procedure, and the 200 controls randomly selected from the same clinics were frequency-matched on age (±5 years) and sex. DII scores were computed based on dietary intake assessed using a validated and reproducible 168-item food-frequency questionnaire. Linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable beta estimates and odds ratios (ORs). Subjects in tertile 3 versus tertile 1 (T3VS1) of DII had significantly higher fasting plasma glucose (DII_T3VS1: b = 4.49; 95% CI 1.89, 7.09), oral glucose tolerance (DII_T3VS1: b = 8.76; 95% CI 1.78, 15.73), HbA1c (DII_T3VS1: b = 0.30; 95% CI 0.17, 0.42), low-density lipoprotein (DII_T3VS1: b = 16.37; 95% CI 11.04, 21.69), triglyceride (DII_T3VS1: b = 21.01; 95% CI 8.61, 33.42) and body fat (DII_T3VS1: b = 2.41; 95% CI 0.56, 4.26) and lower high-density lipoprotein (DII_T3VS1: b = −3.39; 95% CI −5.94, −0.84) and lean body mass (DII_T3VS1: b = −3.11; 95% CI −4.83, −1.39). After multivariate adjustment, subjects in the most pro-inflammatory DII group had 19 times higher odds of developing prediabetes compared with subjects in tertile 1 (DII_T3VS1: OR = 18.88; 95% CI 7.02, 50.82). Similar results were observed when DII was used as a continuous variable, (DII_continuous: OR = 3.62; 95% CI 2.50, 5.22). Subjects who consumed a more pro-inflammatory diet were at increased risk of prediabetes compared with those who consumed a more anti-inflammatory diet.

Inflammation is considered a key mechanism leading to obesity. Dietary patterns and certain food items influence inflammation. Few studies have investigated the contribution of major dietary patterns to biological measures of inflammation. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the associations of different dietary patterns with dietary inflammatory index (DII), systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance (IR) in the apparently healthy obese. In this cross-sectional study, 151 abdominally obese subjects were recruited from the Northwest of Iran. Dietary intake, demographic data, anthropometric indices, and physical activity (PA) was assessed. DII scores were calculated based on a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Three dietary patterns were identified, using principal component analysis. Basal blood samples were collected to determine biochemical parameters. Linear regression test with adjusted beta estimates was applied for data analysis. Three dietary patterns were extracted as Healthy, Western, and Traditional. Body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.01) and fat mass (p < 0.001) were directly associated with the Western dietary pattern. Conversely, serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) (b = − 0.1, p < 0.04) was negatively associated with Healthy dietary pattern, after controlling for confounders. The Traditional pattern was found to be inversely related to DII (b = − 0.3, p < 0.001). The association was also reveresed between Traditional pattern and IR (Odds Ratio: 0.3 (95% Confidence Interval 0.1–0.9)). The results suggested that the Western dietary pattern was related to higher BMI and fat mass. In addition, the Healthy pattern was associated with decreased levels of LBP. Adherence to the Traditional dietary pattern was inversely related to DII as well as IR.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancerrelateddeaths worldwide. Studies have shown that dietary components and inflammation are implicated in the etiologyof GC. Methods: We examined the ability of a dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict the odds of GC in a casecontrolstudy conducted from December 2014 to May 2016. The subjects were 82 cases and 95 controls who attendedspecialized centers in Tabriz, Iran. DII scores were computed from a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire.Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, education,smoking, alcohol, H.pylori infection, physical activity, aspirin/NSAID use and total caloric intake. Results: In the fullyadjusted model, subjects with a DII score >-1.77 had nearly 3.5 times higher odds of having GC compared with subjectswith DII≤-1.77, (ORDII>-1.77≤-1.77=3.39; 95%CI=1.59, 7.22). Also, for every one-unit increase in DII, there was acorresponding increase in hs-C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1b: β=0.09, 0.16,0.16 and 0.10, respectively; and a corresponding decrease in IL-10: β=-0.11. Conclusion: Subjects who consumed a morepro-inflammatory diet were at increased odds of GC compared to those who consumed a more anti-inflammatory diet.