Background/Objective: To conduct a systematic review of all studies to determine whether there is an association between the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and cognitive impairment. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of the major databases and h

The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is a widely used resource that comprehensively organizes and defines the phenotypic features of human disease, enabling computational inference and supporting genomic and phenotypic analyses through semantic similarity and machine learning algorithms. The HPO has widespread applications in clinical diagnostics and translational research, including genomic diagnostics, gene-disease discovery, and cohort analytics. In recent years, groups around the world have developed translations of the HPO from English to other languages, and the HPO browser has been internationalized, allowing users to view HPO term labels and in many cases synonyms and definitions in ten languages in addition to English. Since our last report, a total of 2239 new HPO terms and 49235 new HPO annotations were developed, many in collaboration with external groups in the fields of psychiatry, arthrogryposis, immunology and cardiology. The Medical Action Ontology (MAxO) is a new effort to model treatments and other measures taken for clinical management. Finally, the HPO consortium is contributing to efforts to integrate the HPO and the GA4GH Phenopacket Schema into electronic health records (EHRs) with the goal of more standardized and computable integration of rare disease data in EHRs.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive but potentially treatable and preventable disease characterized by chronic airflow limitation and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases.¹ Current surveillance data show that more than 13.5 million adults 25 years and older in the United States have COPD.² Chronic airflow limitation can result in hypoxemia and hypercapnia, which may predispose these patients to an increased risk for cognitive dysfunction.^3,4