The ability of microorganisms to detoxify xenobiotic compounds allows them to thrive in a toxic environment using carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen from the available sources. Biotransformation is the most effective and useful metabolic process to degrade xenobiotic compounds. Microorganisms have an exceptional ability due to particular genes, enzymes, and degradative mechanisms. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi have unique properties that enable them to partially or completely metabolize the xenobiotic substances in various ecosystems.There are many cutting-edge approaches available to understand the molecular mechanism of degradative processes and pathways to decontaminate or change the core structure of xenobiotics in nature. These methods examine microorganisms, their metabolic machinery, novel proteins, and catabolic genes. This article addresses recent advances and current trends to characterize the catabolic genes, enzymes and the techniques involved in combating the threat of xenobiotic compounds using an eco-friendly approach.

Modern procedures and unique approaches to therapeutic modification get a boost from ethnic expertise. Ayurvedic medicine is a specialized form of traditional medicine that developed in India and the surrounding subcontinents. Decoction is a basic Ayurvedic dose form that is one of the most commonly used and thought to be one of the most effective in traditional medicine. Plant ingredients are chopped into small pieces and soaked in a certain amount of water in an earthenware pot and other vessels to make decoctions. Polyherbal formulations, such as decoctions, have long been used in Ayurveda to treat a variety of ailments. It has been discovered that decoction can aid in the treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, nasal diseases, allergic rhinitis, cancer, jaundice, liver disorders and metabolic diseases, cold pathogenic diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and so on. This chapter delves into one of the oldest types of extractions utilized by our forefathers to treat a variety of ailments. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.