Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is the aggressive and lethal type of breast malignancy that develops resistance to current therapies. Combination therapy has proven to be an effective strategy on TNBC. We aimed to study whether the nano-formulation of polyphenolic curcumin (Gemini-Cur) would affect the cisplatin-induced toxicity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with Gemini-Cur, cisplatin and combination of Gemini-Cur/Cisplatin in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cell viability was studied by using MTT, fluorescence microscopy and cell cycle assays. The mode of death was also determined by Hoechst staining and annexin V-FITC. Real-time PCR and western blotting were employed to detect the expression of BAX and BCL-2 genes. Our data demonstrated that Gemini-Cur significantly sensitizes cancer cells to cisplatin (combination index ≤ 1) and decreases IC50 values in comparison with Gemini-cur or cisplatin. Further studies confirmed that Gemini-Cur/Cisplatin suppresses cancer cell growth through induction of apoptosis (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the data confirm the synergistic effect of polyphenolic curcumin on cisplatin toxicity and provide attractive strategy to attain its apoptotic effect on TNBC.

Aims: Different kinds of vitamins can be used as promising candidates to mitigate the structural changes of proteins and associated cytotoxicity stimulated by NPs. Therefore, the structural changes of α-syn molecules and their associated cytotoxicity in the presence of SWCNTs either alone or co-incubated with vitamin K1 were studied by spectroscopic, bioinformatical, and cellular assays. Methods: Intrinsic and ThT fluorescence, CD, and Congo red absorption spectroscopic approaches as well as TEM investigation, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics were used to explore the protective effect of vitamin K1 on the structural changes of α-syn induced by SWCNTs. The cytotoxicity of α-syn/SWCNTs co-incubated with vitamin K1 against SH-SY5Y cells was also carried out by MTT, LDH, and caspase-3 assays. Results: Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that vitamin K1 has a significant effect in reducing SWCNT-induced fluorescence quenching and aggregation of α- syn. CD, Congo red adsorption, and TEM investigations determined that co-incubation of α- syn with vitamin K1 inhibited the propensity of α-syn into the structural changes and amorphous aggregation in the presence of SWCNT. Docking studies determined the occupation of preferred docked site of SWCNT by vitamin K1 on α- syn conformation. A molecular dynamics study also showed that vitamin K1 reduced the structural changes of α- syn induced by SWCNT. Cellular data exhibited that the cytotoxicity of α- syn co-incubated with vitamin K1 in the presence of SWCNTs is less than the outcomes obtained in the absence of the vitamin K1. Conclusion: It may be concluded that vitamin K1 decreases the propensity of α- syn aggregation in the presence of SWCNTs and induction of cytotoxicity.

Long noncoding RNAs have recently emerged as major players in cancer by operating through complex structural and functional diversity in a wide range of cellular processes. Among these, certain lncRNAs, including MALAT1 and HOTAIR, have been in the limelight concerning AML for their important roles played in regulating gene expression that in turn influence the disease course of AML. This review summarizes the structure and classification of lncRNAs, mechanisms of action regarding cancer biology, and how lncRNAs such as MALAT1 and HOTAIR act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. It also examines intricate correlations among these lncRNAs and the bone marrow microenvironment with regard to effects on AML cell proliferation, migration, and survival. In the current review, the key pathways in AML, through which MALAT1 and HOTAIR drive cellular proliferation and epigenetic processes, are discussed in detail to point out possible therapeutic targets. The interactions between MALAT1 and HOTAIR within the bone marrow microenvironment suggest the diverse involvement of lncRNAs in AML and support their applications in biomarker development and as novel avenues for targeted therapies. This review thus represents a broad overview with the intention of furthering our understanding of the lncRNA‐mediated pathways in AML and their use as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.

Colon cancer is a complex malignancy characterized by intricate molecular interactions that influence its progression. This study investigates the role of calcium channel gene expression (ORAI1 and Piezo1) and their interplay with angiogenesis-related genes (VEGFA, CCL3, and NF-KB1) in colon cancer tissue biopsies. Additionally, we explore the mutation profiles of pivotal oncogenes (KRAS, PI3KCA, and BRAF) and their potential correlations with calcium channel and angiogenesis-related gene expression. The results indicate significant upregulation of ORAI1 and Piezo1, suggesting their involvement in colon cancer pathogenesis. Correlations between ORAI1 and VEGFA/CCL3 highlight potential crosstalk between calcium signaling and angiogenesis. The mutation analysis identifies prevalent oncogenic mutations, while intriguing connections between gene expression and oncogenic mutations emerge. Notably, mutant KRAS exon 2 samples exhibit elevated CCL3 and VEGFA expression, suggesting a nuanced link between specific KRAS mutations and the tumor microenvironment. These findings illuminate the intricate molecular landscape of colon cancer and emphasize the potential roles of calcium channels, angiogenesis-related genes, and oncogenic mutations as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.

The present study was designed to investigate the relation between severity of atherosclerosis via angiography and alteration of some important biochemical, hormonal and hematological variables in patients underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery. Eighty adult patients underwent coronary angiography were included in this study, and a standardized case-control study of acute myocardial infarction was established through taking 20 healthy individuals. Diagnostic coronary angiography was performed by a team of expert cardiologists. The patients were grouped according the number of major epicardial coronary arteries into one vessel disease (1VD), two vessels disease (2VD) or three vessels disease (3VD). The evaluation of biochemical tests were performed. The results of association of measurements with the severity of disease showed the priority of cholesterol and its related indexes (especially LDL) rather than TG indicating the severity of atherosclerosis. While, blood glucose and HbA1c were not apparently related to the degree of atherosclerosis. Significant reduction of T3 hormone and platelets and elevation in MPV were recorded in patients suffering from three vessels occlusion. This finding suggested strong association between severity of atherosclerosis and LDL, MPV and T3 in CABG patients.

Open testicular biopsy histology and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) are the most popular tests used to diagnose male infertility. This study aimed to assess the cytological characteristics of 186 infertile males aged 24-63 with testicular FNAC. Furthermore, the existing relationship between males with severe oligospermia (sperm count: 5 million/ml) and azoospermia was investigated via both cytological and histological diagnosis methods. With a 1.5-inch and 25-gauge needle, the testis was aspirated from three locations (the upper, middle, and lower poles). Papanicolaou stain or Giemsa stain was used to make smears on albumenized slides, which were then dried in the air and stained. A biopsy of the testicles was performed there, preserved in Bouins solution, processed as usual, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. According to our findings, 66.7% of patients had secondary maturation arrest, whereas 18.3% and 15.1% of them had hypospermatogenesis and Sertoli cell only (SCO). Results of the comparison showed that both procedures were very similar. According to biopsy histological examinations, only 3 (1.6%) of the 28 normal FNAC instances had hypospermatogenesis with lymphocyte infiltration. The majority of SCO patients were over 50 years old. These findings revealed that FNAC is more effective than testicular histology for the assessment of male infertility.