Lactic acid is the meekest hydroxyl carboxylic acid (2-hydroxy propionic acid) which is a colorless, odorless, hygroscopic, organic compound with no toxic effect, a very inevitable and versatile chemical used in the Food, cosmetics, textile, and pharmaceutical industries for very long years. Lactic acid was produced as non-racemic when specific microbial strains were used; therefore, microbial fermentation gained more attention. Albeit the substratum used for the microbial fermentation price is much exorbitant. Wherefore, identifying the best and cheap substrates is a bottleneck for the scientific community. Sugarcane molasses is the best source of components for microbial growth and cheap raw material for Lactic acid fermentation. This study produced sustainable lactic acid from sugarcane molasses by the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J2V2AA strain with a higher production of 178 gm/L/24 h. The produced lactic acid was characterized and analyzed by UV-Visible Spectrum, FTIR Spectrum, TLC, and HPLC.

Lactic acid is a versatile, multi-functional organic monomer in various industries, creating worldwide demand. High titer lactic acid production was achieved by novel Bacillus amyloliquefaciens J2V2AA through sugarcane molasses fermentation up to 178 mg mL⁻¹. A metabolomics approach such as combined GC-MS and LC-MS was applied to elucidate the involvement of key metabolites in lactic acid production. The results revealed the participation of 58 known intra-cellular metabolites at various pathways in lactic acid production. Twenty-eight highly up-regulated and down-regulated metabolites were analyzed, and a schematic diagram of a possible lactic acid production pathway was proposed. The produced lactic acid was analyzed through FTIR, UV-Spectrum, and HPLC analysis.

Nursery experiments were conducted to select the suitable biofertilizers and their combination to improve the quality of Acacia nilotica seedlings. Nilotica seeds were germinated in poly pot with a potting mixture of unsterilized sand. Seedlings of 5 cm length were transplanted to polyethylene bag (13 x 25 cm). The biofertilizers such as Rhizobium, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species Glomus fasciculatum and Azospirillum, were inoculated individually and in combinations. Root, shoot length and collar diameter were recorded six months after inoculation the root and shoot weight, number of nodules and nodular weight was estimated. Results show that the total length of seedlings and biomass were significantly increased in all the treatments when compared to control. Among the treatments maximum growth and biomass were recorded in Rhizobium + AM + Azospirillum combination and it was recorded 156.8% more than that of control. Among the individual inoculations, Rhizobium treatment was better than other individual inoculation. Within double inoculations, Rhizobium + AM combination was found to be superior to others. In general, Azospirillum and its combinations with other biofertilizers had more root length and root biomass than other treatments.