The paper presents findings from a Study on Participatory Forest Monitoring (PFM) and Natural Forest Restoration (NFR) in Uganda, a case of communities bordering Kibale National Park (KNP), western Uganda. The study involved 394 respondents who were interviewed from June to August 2024. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design to determine the perceived effect of Participatory Forest Monitoring Activities at the household level and examine the relationship between Participatory Forest Monitoring Activities and Natural Forest Restoration while involving communities bordering Kibale Forest. Almost half (54.4%) of the communities bordering Kibale National Park (KNP) work with UWA rangers during forest monitoring patrols in restored areas (M=2.25, SD = 1.95). Participation in PFM improved income at the household level directly addressing household needs especially income for school fees and other needs by 79.9% (r=0.799, P<0.05). PFM can restore natural forests, increase revenue and better community livelihoods.

Introduction: Rugezi Wetland, a high-altitude Important Bird Area hosting 194 species including Albertine Rift endemics, faces escalating degradation from agriculture, grazing, and resource extraction. As wetlands underpin hydrological regulation, carbon storage, and biodiversity, this study guided by socio-ecological and mixed-methods frameworks underscores the need for integrated, evidence-based management to align conservation, avi-tourism sustainability, and community wellbeing. Methods: This study employed a mixed-method convergent design to examine the relationships between conservation, avi-tourism, and community wellbeing in Rugezi Wetland. Data were collected from 992 respondents using a multi-stage sampling strategy, which enhanced feasibility by systematically selecting participants across different communities while ensuring broad representation. The relatively large sample size enabled robust statistical analysis and facilitated the integration of quantitative and qualitative findings. Data collection methods included household surveys, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, ecological assessments, thematic coding, and GIS observations. Methodological rigor was ensured through data triangulation, instrument validation, and adherence to ethical research standards. Results: The results show that unsustainable human activities weaken wetland ecosystems and diminish avi-tourism potential, while effective conservation enhances biodiversity and tourism benefits. Community awareness and participation are critical drivers of positive conservation outcomes. These findings highlight the need for participatory conservation strategies, targeted environmental education, and integrated management approaches to sustain wetland-based tourism. Discussion: Anthropogenic pressures were identified as major drivers of wetland degradation, reducing habitat quality and avian diversity critical for avi-tourism. In contrast, effective conservation improved biodiversity, strengthened wildlife protection, and increased tourism revenue. Awareness, education, and community participation significantly influenced pro-conservation attitudes, highlighting the central role of local stewardship. The strong link between conservation and avi-tourism underscores the need to curb destructive activities and strengthen community-based management. Agencies such as the Rwanda environment management authority and the Rwanda development board should enforce wetland protection while investing in community education, alternative livelihoods, and benefit-sharing to sustain ecosystems and tourism.