Enhancing the tribological performance of lubricants with nanoparticle additives is a recent challenge. Addition of graphene based nanostructures in poly-alkylene glycol lubricant could significantly reduce friction and wear for compressors operating with CO ₂ refrigerant.

Cu nanoparticles (NPs) are widely studied to understand how they work in lubricant oils to improve its tribological properties. This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of Cu NPs of different size (φ = 60 and 130 nm) carried out in EG and the dispersion procedure used to prepare nanolubricants containing different amounts of NPs (0.005 vol% -0.01 vol% -0.02 vol%). The base oil was a commercially available lubricant oil for internal combustion engines. In order to study the influence of different parameters such as particles size and concentration on tribological properties of nanolubricants, the Stribeck curves were recorded at 25°C in the three lubrication regions (elasto-hydrodynamic, mixed lubrication, and boundary lubrication) and the results discussed. It was found that Cu NPs with a 130-nm mean diameter were more effective in reducing the coefficient of friction in all the lubrication regimes with respect to smaller ones.