Soil temperature not only affects many soil properties, but also has a significant effect on plant development. Knowing and correct estimation of soil temperature is important for both soil management and crop production. The accuracy of temperature forecasts is very important, especially for the countries that stand out with their agriculture-based economies. Therefore, in recent years, different artificial intelligence methods have been used in soil temperature predictions. Deep learning methods lead the way in achieving high prediction accuracy. In this study, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, which is a deep learning (DL) sub-architecture, is proposed to create an effective model for soil temperature prediction. The data used in the study are the daily soil temperatures at a depth of 50 cm for the years 2013-2021 of Bingöl province. For the training of the proposed LSTM model, 89% of the data set within the scope of the study was used, and. The remaining 11% was estimated by the model for assessing model success. The RMSE value as a result of the estimation made by the trained LSTM model was obtained as 1,25. The high estimation accuracy of the proposed model showed that this model could be successfully applied in temperature data estimation studies.

Bu çalışmada ağırlıklı çakıştırma yöntemi kullanılarak Büyükçay Havzası’nın erozyon risk analizlerinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Elazığ’ın doğusunda yer alan Büyükçay Havzası kuzeybatıdan Mastar Dağı, doğudan ise Keban Barajı ile çevrilidir. Havzanın KD-GB doğrultusunda fayla kesilmesi önemli yükselti farkına neden olmuştur. Eğim değerlerinin yüksek olduğu havzada bitki örtüsü seyrektir. Büyükçay Havzası’nın iklimi, jeomorfolojik ve bitki örtüsü özellikleri nedeniyle çok şiddetli erozyon yaşanmaktadır. Erozyon sonucu özellikle kuzey ve kuzeybatıdaki dağlık alanlardan taşınan malzeme, havzanın batı ve doğusunda yer alan tarım alanlarını etkilemektedir. Bunun yanında taşınan malzeme Keban Baraj Gölü'nde siltasyona neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada eğim, bitki örtüsü, drenaj yoğunluğu ve toprak parlaklığı kullanılarak havza için erozyon risk analizleri yapılmıştır. Risk analizleri Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ve Uzaktan Algılama (UA) yöntemleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Yapılan arazi gözlemleri ile erozyon üzerinde etkili olan faktörlerin önem derecesi belirlenmiş ve bu faktörlere ağırlık değeri atanmıştır. Ağırlıkları belirlenen faktör haritaları toplanarak erozyon risk haritası oluşturulmuştur. Erozyon risk analizlerine göre Büyükçay Havzası’nın % 24’i erozyona karşı yüksek derecede risklidir. Orta derecede riskli alanlar % 44, riskin düşük olduğu alanlar ise % 25'lik orana sahiptir. Bu sonuçlara göre Büyükçay Havzası’nda erozyon riskinin yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Bu nedenle mikro havza faaliyetleri kapsamında erozyonla mücadele çalışmalarının hızlandırılması gerekmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler : Elazığ, Büyükçay Havzası, Erozyon Risk Analizi, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Abstract In this study, it has been aimed to carry out erosion risk analysis of Buyukcay Basin using weighted overlay method. Located in the east of Elazıg, Buyukcay Basin is surrounded by Mastar Mountain in the north-west and by Keban Dam in the east. The basin's having been cut by a fault in NE-SW direction have caused significant difference in elevation. Vegetation is sparse in the basin, where slope values are high. Very sever erosions have been seen in Buyukcay Basin due to its climate, geomorphologic and vegetation features. As a result of the erosion, material especially carried from mountain areas in north and north-west , affects the agriculture lands in the east and west of the basin. Besides, carried material causes siltation in the Keban Dam Lake. In this study, erosion risk analysis has been done for the basin by using slope, vegetation, drainage density and soil brightness. Risk analysis has been done using Geographıc Information Systems and Remote Sensing methods. Significance of factors on field observations and erosion have been assigned and weight value has been added to these factors. Collecting factor maps whose weigts have been determined, risk map has been created. According to the erosion risk analysis, an area of 24% in Buyukcay Basin is high-risk areas to the erosion. Medium-risk areas and low-risk areas have the rates of 44 % and 25%, respectively. Based on these results, the erosion risk in Buyuükcay Basin is high. For this reason, erosion control studies must be accelerated within the scope of micro-basin activities. Keywords: Elazıg, Buyukcay Basin , Erosion Risk Analysis, Geographic Information Systems

This research was carried out to compare the perspectives and satisfaction of local people who benefited and did not benefit from projects implemented in micro-catchments in the provinces of Bingöl, Elâzığ, and Muş. The survey, focus group (FG) interviews, and key informative (KB) interviews were conducted in selected villages between the 16th and 25th of August, 2021. The "Chi-square independence test" was used to compare beneficiary and non-beneficiary responses to some questions. It was determined that the participants were generally pleased with the project activities from which they benefited. Furthermore, the majority of people agreed that such projects should be continued. When individuals who do not benefit from the project are statistically compared, it has been determined that there are significant positive developments such as the use of new agricultural technology, increased production area, increased irrigated land, and increased use of forests and pastures. Within the context of all of this information, it is believed that the project is a significant source of development for the region, and that this level of development will become clearer in the coming years.

This research was conducted to determine the satisfaction level of the local people benefiting from the projects implemented in the microcatchments of Bingol, Elâzığ and Muş provinces. The primary data of the survey are the focus group interviews (FG) and key informative interviews (KI) conducted in the selected villages between the fdates 16-25 August 2021. According to the research results, the participants are generally satisfied with the project activities and that 62.2% of the local people have participated in the project activities during the past year. The results of the compatibility analysis show that the project had a positive impact on finding a job or improving working conditions among the locals with higher and equal incomes, while it had a negative impact among the locals with lower incomes. The impact of the project on improving employment or working conditions was positive for ranchers and those who farmed land for sale. Those who farm land for subsistence, not grow high-value crops, and cannot increase productivity indicated that the project had a negative impact on finding a job or improving working conditions. The impact of the project on finding jobs or improving the working conditions of the middle class living in Bingol and Elazığ was positive. The impact of the project on the poor local people in Muş on finding a job or improving their working conditions was negative. Within the framework of all information, it has been concluded that the project is an important source of development for the region and that this level of progress will emerge more clearly in the coming years.