China’s shallow coal resources are gradually diminishing, and deep coal resources have slowly become the main energy source. However, the destruction mechanism and evolution of deep rock formation structure are not clear, which seriously restricts the exploitation and utilization of deep energy. Here, the optimization of the physical parameters and the deformation law of the overlying rock in a deep mine in Shandong Province were studied with an integrated approach including similar simulation, mechanical analysis, numerical simulation, and measurement verification, etc. First, the paper simplified the rock formation and developed a numerical model using the field exploration data; second, we analyzed the mechanical properties of each rock formation, obtaining the key rock formation that affects the surface deformation of the mining area. Furthermore, we tested the physical parameters of rock formation by using the orthogonal test, optimizing the physical parameters of rock formation with the extreme difference, and variance analysis of the orthogonal test results. Then, using FLAC3D, we conducted numerical calculations for strip mining of deep wells with numerous working faces, analyzing the maximum surface subsidence value, the maximum horizontal movement value of ground surface at different mining depths, and the change in the subsidence coefficient. By analyzing the linkage relationship between the surface phenomenon and deep mining, we obtained the optimal mathematical model of the three and the coal seam mining depth, which revealed the linkage law of “deep formation–earth surface”. Finally, the model relationships of the influence boundary value, maximum subsidence value, maximum horizontal movement value, and mining depth for each rock layer were separately established.

During the coal mining process, underground water is generated from the longwall face. In the meantime, the coal cutting process would produce coal particles. Coal slurry is generated in the underground working site, especially for water abundant coal mines. The generated coal slurry is treated to prevent water pollution. Due to the extensively existing of the suspended solid, the traditional process method would often introduce new problems. In this study, laboratory testing was conducted to investigate the characteristics, including the particle size distribution of the coal sludge, coal slurry compositions, slurry viscosity and coal mine water quality. In order to improve the coal slurry treatment efficiency, based on the laboratory results, a novel combined treatment of underground coal slurry is proposed. First, the coarse grained coal slurry is process by a vibrating screening machine. Then, the coal slurry containing fine coal powders is processed through a settling pond. The sedimentation results of the coal solid materials are analyzed. The polymer flocculant is also added into the coal slurry to improve the sedimentation. These combined treats of the coal slurry significantly remove the suspended solid and improve the quality of the coal mine water. Based on the laboratory testing, the specific details of the field applications are designed. The key novelty of this paper is the underground background. All of these treatments are based on the underground environment and are capable of being applied in underground workings. From field applications and observations, these novel combined treatments of coal slurry in the underground site are effective. This study provides a novel method to treat the coal slurry, which has innovations from engineering aspect. These procedures are useful for the underground coal slurry treatment, especially for water-abundant coal mines. The normal coal production is guaranteed and less affected by the coal slurry discharge process. Meanwhile, the water pollution problem is much addressed and the damage of coal slurry to the environment is reduced.