This study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Sustainable and Healthy Eating (SHE) Behaviors Scale. The original scale included eight factors and thirty-four items related to the SHE behaviors of adults. The research was carried out in three stages with a total of 586 participants aged 19 to 50 years. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to evaluate internal consistency reliability and the test–retest method was applied. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to determine the factor structure. The model obtained with EFA was evaluated with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Cronbachαcoefficient of the scale was found to be excellent at 0·912, and the intra-class correlation coefficient was found to be good at 0·832 using the test–retest method. Considering the suitability of the data for factor analysis, the Kaiser–Meier–Olkin coefficient was 0·859, and the significance level of the Bartlett test of sphericity was less than 0·05 (χ²=3·803,25; P < 0·05). As a result of EFA, the items of the scale were found to be distributed in seven factor dimensions. The factor loadings of the items were between 0·516 and 0·890, and the factors explained 67 % of the variance. Considering the fit indices obtained as a result of the analysis of this model with CFA, it was seen that the model had an acceptable fit (χ²/sd = 2·593, comparative fit index = 0·915, Tucker–Lewis index=0·902, standardised root mean square error = 0·0754 and root mean square error of approximation = 0·067). In conclusion, the Turkish version of the SHE Behaviors Scale has credible reliability and construct validity to assess the sustainable and healthy eating behaviours of the Turkish adult population.

The primary objective of this study was to explore the relationship between food and nutrition literacy and sustainable, healthy eating behaviors among young adults. This cross-sectional study took place in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, involving 500 participants (265 females, 235 males) whose average age was 22.6 ± 3.97 years. A questionnaire was administered through face-to-face interviews, covering three sections: (1) general information, (2) the food and nutrition literacy instrument (FNLI), and (3) the sustainable and healthy eating behaviors scale (SHEBS). The females exhibited a higher FNLI score (94.8 ± 10.9) compared with the males (89.9 ± 13.1), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were observed in the mean SHEBS scores for the FNLI behavior sub-dimension among all three categories: inadequate (106.6 ± 32.7), limited (125.5 ± 23.6), and excellent (147.5 ± 28.8) (p < 0.05). The significant correlations of the FNLI score with various factors, including seasonal foods (0.163-unit increase per unit), avoidance of food waste (0.312-unit increase per unit), reduction in meat consumption (0.750-unit increase per unit), and education status (1.399-unit increase per unit) (p < 0.001) was revealed in the study. Based on the findings from this study, we can plan to promote sustainable resource utilization by developing educational materials in the field of nutrition.

Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known to cause respiratory tract infections ranging from colds to more severe diseases, such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). New Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which led to deaths as well as social and economic disruptions, is an ongoing worldwide pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, there is no approved treatment for COVID-19. Hence, only supportive care has been approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) for now. Pharmacological agents used for the adjunctive treatment of COVID-19 following the current literature and clinical experiences include antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-malaria drugs, and other traditional or untraditional treatments. However, it has been reported that the use of these drugs may have some negative effects and comorbidities. Moreover, the current data have indicated that the risk of drug-drug interactions may also be high in polypharmacy cases, especially in elderly people, some comorbidity situations, and intensive care unit (ICU) patients. It is highly possible that these situations can not only increase the risk of drug-drug interactions but also increase the risk of food/nutrition-drug interactions and affect the nutritional status. However, this issue has not yet been entirely discussed in the literature. In this review, current information on the possible mechanisms as well as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of some pharmacological agents used in the treatment of COVID-19 and/or their secondary interactions with nutrition were evaluated and some future directions were given.