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J. Pretty
School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK

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Journal article
Published: 23 October 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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A number of countries have begun to adopt prevention pays policies and practices to reduce pressure on health and social care systems. Most affluent countries have seen substantial increases in the incidence and costs of non-communicable diseases. The interest in social models for health has led to the growth in use of social prescribing and psychological therapies. At the same time, there has been growth in application of a variety of nature-based and mind–body interventions (NBIs and MBIs) aimed at improving health and longevity. We assess four NBI/MBI programmes (woodland therapy, therapeutic horticulture, ecotherapy/green care, and tai chi) on life satisfaction/happiness and costs of use of public services. These interventions produce rises in life satisfaction/happiness of 1.00 pts to 7.29 (n = 644; p < 0.001) (for courses or participation >50 h). These increases are greater than many positive life events (e.g., marriage or a new child); few countries or cities see +1 pt increases over a decade. The net present economic benefits per person from reduced public service use are £830–£31,520 (after 1 year) and £6450–£11,980 (after 10 years). We conclude that NBIs and MBIs can play a role in helping to reduce the costs on health systems, while increasing the well-being of participants.

ACS Style

Jules Pretty; Jo Barton. Nature-Based Interventions and Mind–Body Interventions: Saving Public Health Costs Whilst Increasing Life Satisfaction and Happiness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7769 .

AMA Style

Jules Pretty, Jo Barton. Nature-Based Interventions and Mind–Body Interventions: Saving Public Health Costs Whilst Increasing Life Satisfaction and Happiness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (21):7769.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jules Pretty; Jo Barton. 2020. "Nature-Based Interventions and Mind–Body Interventions: Saving Public Health Costs Whilst Increasing Life Satisfaction and Happiness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 7769.

Journal article
Published: 07 August 2020 in Global Sustainability
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Non-technical summary Until the past half-century, all agriculture and land management was framed by local institutions strong in social capital. But neoliberal forms of development came to undermine existing structures, thus reducing sustainability and equity. The past 20 years, though, have seen the deliberate establishment of more than 8 million new social groups across the world. This restructuring and growth of rural social capital within specific territories is leading to increased productivity of agricultural and land management systems, with particular benefits for those previously excluded. Further growth would occur with more national and regional policy support.

ACS Style

Jules Pretty; Simon Attwood; Richard Bawden; Henk Van Den Berg; Zareen P. Bharucha; John Dixon; Cornelia Butler Flora; Kevin Gallagher; Ken Genskow; Sue E. Hartley; Jan Willem Ketelaar; Japhet K. Kiara; Vijay Kumar; Yuelai Lu; Tom MacMillan; Anne Maréchal; Alma Linda Morales-Abubakar; Andrew Noble; P. V. Vara Prasad; Ewald Rametsteiner; John Reganold; Jacob I. Ricks; Johan Rockström; Osamu Saito; Peter Thorne; Songliang Wang; Hannah Wittman; Michael Winter; Puyun Yang. Assessment of the growth in social groups for sustainable agriculture and land management. Global Sustainability 2020, 3, 1 .

AMA Style

Jules Pretty, Simon Attwood, Richard Bawden, Henk Van Den Berg, Zareen P. Bharucha, John Dixon, Cornelia Butler Flora, Kevin Gallagher, Ken Genskow, Sue E. Hartley, Jan Willem Ketelaar, Japhet K. Kiara, Vijay Kumar, Yuelai Lu, Tom MacMillan, Anne Maréchal, Alma Linda Morales-Abubakar, Andrew Noble, P. V. Vara Prasad, Ewald Rametsteiner, John Reganold, Jacob I. Ricks, Johan Rockström, Osamu Saito, Peter Thorne, Songliang Wang, Hannah Wittman, Michael Winter, Puyun Yang. Assessment of the growth in social groups for sustainable agriculture and land management. Global Sustainability. 2020; 3 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jules Pretty; Simon Attwood; Richard Bawden; Henk Van Den Berg; Zareen P. Bharucha; John Dixon; Cornelia Butler Flora; Kevin Gallagher; Ken Genskow; Sue E. Hartley; Jan Willem Ketelaar; Japhet K. Kiara; Vijay Kumar; Yuelai Lu; Tom MacMillan; Anne Maréchal; Alma Linda Morales-Abubakar; Andrew Noble; P. V. Vara Prasad; Ewald Rametsteiner; John Reganold; Jacob I. Ricks; Johan Rockström; Osamu Saito; Peter Thorne; Songliang Wang; Hannah Wittman; Michael Winter; Puyun Yang. 2020. "Assessment of the growth in social groups for sustainable agriculture and land management." Global Sustainability 3, no. : 1.

Rapid response opinion
Published: 18 May 2020 in Agriculture and Human Values
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Bawden, R.J. 2011. Epistemic aspects of social ecological conflict. In Social Ecology: Applying Ecological Understandings to Our Lives and Our Planet, ed. D. Wright, C. Camden-Pratt, and S. Hill. Glos: Hawthorn Press. Hill, S. 1985. Redesigning the food system for sustainability. Alternatives 12: 32–36. Pretty J, Benton T G, Bharucha Z P, Dicks L, Butler Flora C, Hartley S, Lampkin N, Morris C, Pierzynski G, Prasad P V V, Reganold J, Rockström J, Smith P, Thorne P, Wratten S. 2108. Global assessment of agricultural system redesign for sustainable intensification. Nature Sustainability 1: 441–446. Pretty J. 2018. Intensification for redesigned and sustainable agricultural systems. Science 362: eaav0294 Rockström, J., J. Williams, G. Daily, A. Noble, N. Matthews, L. Gordon, H. Wetterstrand, F. DeClerck, M. Shah, P. Steduto, C. Fraiture, N. Hatibu, O. Unver, J. Bird, L. Sibanda, and J. Smith. 2017. Sustainable intensification of agriculture for human prosperity and global sustainability. Ambio 46: 4–17. Download references Correspondence to Jules Pretty. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This article is part of the Topical Collection: Agriculture, Food & Covid-19. Reprints and Permissions Pretty, J. New opportunities for the redesign of agricultural and food systems. Agric Hum Values (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10056-2 Download citation Accepted: 19 April 2020 Published: 18 May 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10056-2

ACS Style

Jules Pretty. New opportunities for the redesign of agricultural and food systems. Agriculture and Human Values 2020, 37, 629 -630.

AMA Style

Jules Pretty. New opportunities for the redesign of agricultural and food systems. Agriculture and Human Values. 2020; 37 (3):629-630.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jules Pretty. 2020. "New opportunities for the redesign of agricultural and food systems." Agriculture and Human Values 37, no. 3: 629-630.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study investigated the efficacy of medium-term Green Exercise (GE; being physically active within a natural environment) interventions for improving wellbeing, by pooling data collected at the start and end of participants’ engagement with a range of GE interventions. Hypotheses were that (i) interventions would show good efficacy for improving wellbeing in the overall sample; (ii) compared to participants reporting ‘average to high’ wellbeing at the start of their project, participants with ‘low’ starting wellbeing would report greater improvements post-intervention; and (iii) improvements would significantly differ between age groups. The pooled dataset was categorized in line with UK norms (n = 318) and analyzed using a standardized meta-analysis approach. Effect size was large: g = 0.812 (95% CI [0.599, 1.025]), and differences in wellbeing changes associated with project duration, age or sex were not statistically significant. Compared to those reporting ‘average-high’ starting wellbeing, participants reporting ‘low’ starting wellbeing exhibited greater improvements (BCa 95% CI [−31.8, −26.5]), with 60.8% moving into the ‘average-high’ wellbeing category. GE can play an important role in facilitating wellbeing and can provide alternative pathways for health and social care practice. Public health commissioners should consider integrating such interventions for patients experiencing low wellbeing or associated comorbidities.

ACS Style

Mike Rogerson; Carly Wood; Jules Pretty; Patrick Schoenmakers; Dan Bloomfield; Jo Barton. Regular Doses of Nature: The Efficacy of Green Exercise Interventions for Mental Wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1526 .

AMA Style

Mike Rogerson, Carly Wood, Jules Pretty, Patrick Schoenmakers, Dan Bloomfield, Jo Barton. Regular Doses of Nature: The Efficacy of Green Exercise Interventions for Mental Wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (5):1526.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mike Rogerson; Carly Wood; Jules Pretty; Patrick Schoenmakers; Dan Bloomfield; Jo Barton. 2020. "Regular Doses of Nature: The Efficacy of Green Exercise Interventions for Mental Wellbeing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1526.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2019 in Sports
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Engagement with nature is an important part of many people’s lives, and the health and wellbeing benefits of nature–based activities are becoming increasingly recognised across disciplines from city planning to medicine. Despite this, urbanisation, challenges of modern life and environmental degradation are leading to a reduction in both the quantity and the quality of nature experiences. Nature–based health interventions (NBIs) can facilitate behavioural change through a somewhat structured promotion of nature–based experiences and, in doing so, promote improved physical, mental and social health and wellbeing. We conducted a Delphi expert elicitation process with 19 experts from seven countries (all named authors on this paper) to identify the different forms that such interventions take, the potential health outcomes and the target beneficiaries. In total, 27 NBIs were identified, aiming to prevent illness, promote wellbeing and treat specific physical, mental or social health and wellbeing conditions. These interventions were broadly categorized into those that change the environment in which people live, work, learn, recreate or heal (for example, the provision of gardens in hospitals or parks in cities) and those that change behaviour (for example, engaging people through organized programmes or other activities). We also noted the range of factors (such as socioeconomic variation) that will inevitably influence the extent to which these interventions succeed. We conclude with a call for research to identify the drivers influencing the effectiveness of NBIs in enhancing health and wellbeing.

ACS Style

Danielle F. Shanahan; Thomas Astell–Burt; Elizabeth A. Barber; Eric Brymer; Daniel Cox; Julie Dean; Michael Depledge; Richard A. Fuller; Terry Hartig; Katherine N. Irvine; Andy Jones; Heidy Kikillus; Rebecca Lovell; Richard Mitchell; Jari Niemelä; Mark Nieuwenhuijsen; Jules Pretty; Mardie Townsend; Yolanda Van Heezik; Sara Warber; Kevin J. Gaston. Nature–Based Interventions for Improving Health and Wellbeing: The Purpose, the People and the Outcomes. Sports 2019, 7, 141 .

AMA Style

Danielle F. Shanahan, Thomas Astell–Burt, Elizabeth A. Barber, Eric Brymer, Daniel Cox, Julie Dean, Michael Depledge, Richard A. Fuller, Terry Hartig, Katherine N. Irvine, Andy Jones, Heidy Kikillus, Rebecca Lovell, Richard Mitchell, Jari Niemelä, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Jules Pretty, Mardie Townsend, Yolanda Van Heezik, Sara Warber, Kevin J. Gaston. Nature–Based Interventions for Improving Health and Wellbeing: The Purpose, the People and the Outcomes. Sports. 2019; 7 (6):141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danielle F. Shanahan; Thomas Astell–Burt; Elizabeth A. Barber; Eric Brymer; Daniel Cox; Julie Dean; Michael Depledge; Richard A. Fuller; Terry Hartig; Katherine N. Irvine; Andy Jones; Heidy Kikillus; Rebecca Lovell; Richard Mitchell; Jari Niemelä; Mark Nieuwenhuijsen; Jules Pretty; Mardie Townsend; Yolanda Van Heezik; Sara Warber; Kevin J. Gaston. 2019. "Nature–Based Interventions for Improving Health and Wellbeing: The Purpose, the People and the Outcomes." Sports 7, no. 6: 141.

Preprint
Published: 16 May 2019
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As prominent features of the Anthropocene, biodiversity loss and invasive species are exacting serious negative economic, environmental and societal impacts. While the monetary aspects of species invasion are reasonably well assessed, their human and social livelihood outcomes often remain obscure. Here, we empirically demonstrate the (long-term) human demographic consequences of the 1970s invasion of a debilitating pest affecting cassava -a carbohydrate-rich food staple- across sub-Saharan Africa. Successive pest attack in 18 African nations inflicted an 18 +/- 29% drop in crop yield, with cascading effects on birth rate (-6%), adult mortality (+4%) and decelerating population growth. The 1981 deliberate release of the parasitic wasp Anagyrus lopezi permanently restored food security and enabled parallel recovery of multiple demographic indices. This analysis draws attention to the societal repercussions of ecological disruptions in subsistence farming systems, providing lessons for efforts to meet rising human dietary needs while safeguarding agro-ecological functionality and resilience during times of global environmental change.

ACS Style

Kris Ag Wyckhuys; Dharani Dhar Burra; Jules Pretty; Peter Neuenschwander. Human Demographic Outcomes of a Restored Agro-Ecological Balance. 2019, 637777 .

AMA Style

Kris Ag Wyckhuys, Dharani Dhar Burra, Jules Pretty, Peter Neuenschwander. Human Demographic Outcomes of a Restored Agro-Ecological Balance. . 2019; ():637777.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kris Ag Wyckhuys; Dharani Dhar Burra; Jules Pretty; Peter Neuenschwander. 2019. "Human Demographic Outcomes of a Restored Agro-Ecological Balance." , no. : 637777.

Review
Published: 01 February 2019 in Trends in Ecology & Evolution
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Our first horizon scan, conducted in 2009, aimed to identify novel but poorly known issues with potentially significant effects on global conservation of biological diversity. Following completion of the tenth annual scan, we reviewed the 15 topics identified a decade ago and assessed their development in the scientific literature and news media. Five topics, including microplastic pollution, synthetic meat, and environmental applications of mobile-sensing technology, appeared to have had widespread salience and effects. The effects of six topics were moderate, three have not emerged, and the effects of one topic were low. The awareness of, and involvement in, these issues by 12 conservation organisations has increased for most issues since 2009.

ACS Style

William J. Sutherland; Erica Fleishman; Mick Clout; David W. Gibbons; Fiona Lickorish; Lloyd S. Peck; Jules Pretty; Mark Spalding; Nancy Ockendon. Ten Years On: A Review of the First Global Conservation Horizon Scan. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2019, 34, 139 -153.

AMA Style

William J. Sutherland, Erica Fleishman, Mick Clout, David W. Gibbons, Fiona Lickorish, Lloyd S. Peck, Jules Pretty, Mark Spalding, Nancy Ockendon. Ten Years On: A Review of the First Global Conservation Horizon Scan. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2019; 34 (2):139-153.

Chicago/Turabian Style

William J. Sutherland; Erica Fleishman; Mick Clout; David W. Gibbons; Fiona Lickorish; Lloyd S. Peck; Jules Pretty; Mark Spalding; Nancy Ockendon. 2019. "Ten Years On: A Review of the First Global Conservation Horizon Scan." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 34, no. 2: 139-153.

Review
Published: 01 January 2019 in Trends in Ecology & Evolution
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We present the results of our tenth annual horizon scan. We identified 15 emerging priority topics that may have major positive or negative effects on the future conservation of global biodiversity, but currently have low awareness within the conservation community. We hope to increase research and policy attention on these areas, improving the capacity of the community to mitigate impacts of potentially negative issues, and maximise the benefits of issues that provide opportunities. Topics include advances in crop breeding, which may affect insects and land use; manipulations of natural water flows and weather systems on the Tibetan Plateau; release of carbon and mercury from melting polar ice and thawing permafrost; new funding schemes and regulations; and land-use changes across Indo-Malaysia.

ACS Style

William J. Sutherland; Steven Broad; Stuart H.M. Butchart; Stewart J. Clarke; Alexandra M. Collins; Lynn Dicks; Helen Doran; Nafeesa Esmail; Erica Fleishman; Nicola Frost; Kevin J. Gaston; David W. Gibbons; Alice C. Hughes; Zhigang Jiang; Ruth Kelman; Becky LeAnstey; Xavier LE Roux; Fiona A. Lickorish; Kathryn A. Monk; Diana Mortimer; James W. Pearce-Higgins; Lloyd S. Peck; Nathalie Pettorelli; Jules Pretty; Colleen L. Seymour; Mark D. Spalding; Jonathan Wentworth; Nancy Ockendon. A Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation in 2019. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2019, 34, 83 -94.

AMA Style

William J. Sutherland, Steven Broad, Stuart H.M. Butchart, Stewart J. Clarke, Alexandra M. Collins, Lynn Dicks, Helen Doran, Nafeesa Esmail, Erica Fleishman, Nicola Frost, Kevin J. Gaston, David W. Gibbons, Alice C. Hughes, Zhigang Jiang, Ruth Kelman, Becky LeAnstey, Xavier LE Roux, Fiona A. Lickorish, Kathryn A. Monk, Diana Mortimer, James W. Pearce-Higgins, Lloyd S. Peck, Nathalie Pettorelli, Jules Pretty, Colleen L. Seymour, Mark D. Spalding, Jonathan Wentworth, Nancy Ockendon. A Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation in 2019. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2019; 34 (1):83-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

William J. Sutherland; Steven Broad; Stuart H.M. Butchart; Stewart J. Clarke; Alexandra M. Collins; Lynn Dicks; Helen Doran; Nafeesa Esmail; Erica Fleishman; Nicola Frost; Kevin J. Gaston; David W. Gibbons; Alice C. Hughes; Zhigang Jiang; Ruth Kelman; Becky LeAnstey; Xavier LE Roux; Fiona A. Lickorish; Kathryn A. Monk; Diana Mortimer; James W. Pearce-Higgins; Lloyd S. Peck; Nathalie Pettorelli; Jules Pretty; Colleen L. Seymour; Mark D. Spalding; Jonathan Wentworth; Nancy Ockendon. 2019. "A Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation in 2019." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 34, no. 1: 83-94.

Review article
Published: 22 November 2018 in Science
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Redesign of agricultural systems is essential to deliver optimum outcomes as ecological and economic conditions change. The combination of agricultural processes in which production is maintained or increased, while environmental outcomes are enhanced, is currently known as sustainable intensification (SI). SI aims to avoid the cultivation of more land, and thus avoid the loss of unfarmed habitats, but also aims to increase overall system performance without net environmental cost. For example, large changes are now beginning to occur to maximize biodiversity by means of integrated pest management, pasture and forage management, the incorporation of trees into agriculture, and irrigation management, and with small and patch systems. SI is central to the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations and to wider efforts to improve global food and nutritional security.

ACS Style

Jules Pretty. Intensification for redesigned and sustainable agricultural systems. Science 2018, 362, eaav0294 .

AMA Style

Jules Pretty. Intensification for redesigned and sustainable agricultural systems. Science. 2018; 362 (6417):eaav0294.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jules Pretty. 2018. "Intensification for redesigned and sustainable agricultural systems." Science 362, no. 6417: eaav0294.

Analysis
Published: 14 August 2018 in Nature Sustainability
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The sustainable intensification of agricultural systems offers synergistic opportunities for the co-production of agricultural and natural capital outcomes. Efficiency and substitution are steps towards sustainable intensification, but system redesign is essential to deliver optimum outcomes as ecological and economic conditions change. We show global progress towards sustainable intensification by farms and hectares, using seven sustainable intensification sub-types: integrated pest management, conservation agriculture, integrated crop and biodiversity, pasture and forage, trees, irrigation management and small or patch systems. From 47 sustainable intensification initiatives at scale (each >104 farms or hectares), we estimate 163 million farms (29% of all worldwide) have crossed a redesign threshold, practising forms of sustainable intensification on 453 Mha of agricultural land (9% of worldwide total). Key challenges include investment to integrate more forms of sustainable intensification in farming systems, creating agricultural knowledge economies and establishing policy measures to scale sustainable intensification further. We conclude that sustainable intensification may be approaching a tipping point where it could be transformative.

ACS Style

Jules Pretty; Tim G. Benton; Zareen Pervez Bharucha; Lynn V. Dicks; Cornelia Butler Flora; H. Charles J. Godfray; Dave Goulson; Sue Hartley; Nicolas Lampkin; Carol Morris; Gary Pierzynski; P. V. Vara Prasad; John Reganold; Johan Rockström; Pete Smith; Peter Thorne; Steve Wratten. Global assessment of agricultural system redesign for sustainable intensification. Nature Sustainability 2018, 1, 441 -446.

AMA Style

Jules Pretty, Tim G. Benton, Zareen Pervez Bharucha, Lynn V. Dicks, Cornelia Butler Flora, H. Charles J. Godfray, Dave Goulson, Sue Hartley, Nicolas Lampkin, Carol Morris, Gary Pierzynski, P. V. Vara Prasad, John Reganold, Johan Rockström, Pete Smith, Peter Thorne, Steve Wratten. Global assessment of agricultural system redesign for sustainable intensification. Nature Sustainability. 2018; 1 (8):441-446.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jules Pretty; Tim G. Benton; Zareen Pervez Bharucha; Lynn V. Dicks; Cornelia Butler Flora; H. Charles J. Godfray; Dave Goulson; Sue Hartley; Nicolas Lampkin; Carol Morris; Gary Pierzynski; P. V. Vara Prasad; John Reganold; Johan Rockström; Pete Smith; Peter Thorne; Steve Wratten. 2018. "Global assessment of agricultural system redesign for sustainable intensification." Nature Sustainability 1, no. 8: 441-446.

Review
Published: 04 December 2017 in Trends in Ecology & Evolution
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This is our ninth annual horizon scan to identify emerging issues that we believe could affect global biological diversity, natural capital and ecosystem services, and conservation efforts. Our diverse and international team, with expertise in horizon scanning, science communication, as well as conservation science, practice, and policy, reviewed 117 potential issues. We identified the 15 that may have the greatest positive or negative effects but are not yet well recognised by the global conservation community. Themes among these topics include new mechanisms driving the emergence and geographic expansion of diseases, innovative biotechnologies, reassessments of global change, and the development of strategic infrastructure to facilitate global economic priorities.

ACS Style

William J. Sutherland; Stuart H.M. Butchart; Ben Connor; Caroline Culshaw; Lynn Dicks; Jason Dinsdale; Helen Doran; Abigail C. Entwistle; Erica Fleishman; David W. Gibbons; Zhigang Jiang; Brandon Keim; Xavier LE Roux; Fiona A. Lickorish; Paul Markillie; Kathryn A. Monk; Diana Mortimer; James W. Pearce-Higgins; Lloyd S. Peck; Jules Pretty; Colleen Seymour; Mark D. Spalding; Femke H. Tonneijck; Rosalind A. Gleave. A 2018 Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation and Biological Diversity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2017, 33, 47 -58.

AMA Style

William J. Sutherland, Stuart H.M. Butchart, Ben Connor, Caroline Culshaw, Lynn Dicks, Jason Dinsdale, Helen Doran, Abigail C. Entwistle, Erica Fleishman, David W. Gibbons, Zhigang Jiang, Brandon Keim, Xavier LE Roux, Fiona A. Lickorish, Paul Markillie, Kathryn A. Monk, Diana Mortimer, James W. Pearce-Higgins, Lloyd S. Peck, Jules Pretty, Colleen Seymour, Mark D. Spalding, Femke H. Tonneijck, Rosalind A. Gleave. A 2018 Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation and Biological Diversity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2017; 33 (1):47-58.

Chicago/Turabian Style

William J. Sutherland; Stuart H.M. Butchart; Ben Connor; Caroline Culshaw; Lynn Dicks; Jason Dinsdale; Helen Doran; Abigail C. Entwistle; Erica Fleishman; David W. Gibbons; Zhigang Jiang; Brandon Keim; Xavier LE Roux; Fiona A. Lickorish; Paul Markillie; Kathryn A. Monk; Diana Mortimer; James W. Pearce-Higgins; Lloyd S. Peck; Jules Pretty; Colleen Seymour; Mark D. Spalding; Femke H. Tonneijck; Rosalind A. Gleave. 2017. "A 2018 Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation and Biological Diversity." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 33, no. 1: 47-58.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2017 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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We propose a Green Mind Theory (GMT) to link the human mind with the brain and body, and connect the body into natural and social environments. The processes are reciprocal: environments shape bodies, brains, and minds; minds change body behaviours that shape the external environment. GMT offers routes to improved individual well-being whilst building towards greener economies. It builds upon research on green exercise and nature-based therapies, and draws on understanding derived from neuroscience and brain plasticity, spiritual and wisdom traditions, the lifeways of original cultures, and material consumption behaviours. We set out a simple metaphor for brain function: a bottom brain stem that is fast-acting, involuntary, impulsive, and the driver of fight and flight behaviours; a top brain cortex that is slower, voluntary, the centre for learning, and the driver of rest and digest. The bottom brain reacts before thought and directs the sympathetic nervous system. The top brain is calming, directing the parasympathetic nervous system. Here, we call the top brain blue and the bottom brain red; too much red brain is bad for health. In modern high-consumption economies, life has often come to be lived on red alert. An over-active red mode impacts the gastrointestinal, immune, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems. We develop our knowledge of nature-based interventions, and suggest a framework for the blue brain-red brain-green mind. We show how activities involving immersive-attention quieten internal chatter, how habits affect behaviours across the lifecourse, how long habits take to be formed and hard-wired into daily practice, the role of place making, and finally how green minds could foster prosocial and greener economies. We conclude with observations on twelve research priorities and health interventions, and ten calls to action.

ACS Style

Jules Pretty; Mike Rogerson; Jo Barton. Green Mind Theory: How Brain-Body-Behaviour Links into Natural and Social Environments for Healthy Habits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 706 .

AMA Style

Jules Pretty, Mike Rogerson, Jo Barton. Green Mind Theory: How Brain-Body-Behaviour Links into Natural and Social Environments for Healthy Habits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (7):706.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jules Pretty; Mike Rogerson; Jo Barton. 2017. "Green Mind Theory: How Brain-Body-Behaviour Links into Natural and Social Environments for Healthy Habits." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 7: 706.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Biological Conservation
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© 2017 Elsevier Ltd Conservation biologists should seek to work with those involved in sustainable agriculture and rural development in expanded integrated approaches to reduce pesticide harm to humans, biodiversity and environmental services. Despite new evidence, conservation organisations have tended not to fully recognize the impacts of pesticides on biodiversity, and current conservation strategies pay little heed to addressing this threat. A comprehensive suite of strategies are required to reduce and rationalize pesticide use and mitigate risks to species conservation. This paper proposes six steps for conservationists to address pesticide problems: (1) revisit the land sparing versus land sharing debate and include the external impacts of agriculture as vital components in systematic conservation planning; (2) redefine narratives on intensive agriculture and support emerging forms of sustainable intensification; (3) focus and inform on improved delivery mechanisms and monitoring legal use to achieve better pesticide targeting and a major reduction in volumes used; (4) support efforts to reduce wastage and inefficiency in the food system by promoting technical changes and informed consumer choice; (5) design and encourage resilient temperate and tropical landscapes that minimise pesticide contamination on farms and at landscape scale; and (6) develop comprehensive policy responses to promote both better alternatives to synthetic pesticides and limit the use of the most harmful pesticides

ACS Style

Nigel Dudley; Simon J. Attwood; Dave Goulson; Devra Jarvis; Zareen Pervez Bharucha; Jules Pretty. How should conservationists respond to pesticides as a driver of biodiversity loss in agroecosystems? Biological Conservation 2017, 209, 449 -453.

AMA Style

Nigel Dudley, Simon J. Attwood, Dave Goulson, Devra Jarvis, Zareen Pervez Bharucha, Jules Pretty. How should conservationists respond to pesticides as a driver of biodiversity loss in agroecosystems? Biological Conservation. 2017; 209 ():449-453.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nigel Dudley; Simon J. Attwood; Dave Goulson; Devra Jarvis; Zareen Pervez Bharucha; Jules Pretty. 2017. "How should conservationists respond to pesticides as a driver of biodiversity loss in agroecosystems?" Biological Conservation 209, no. : 449-453.

Feature review
Published: 09 December 2016 in Trends in Ecology & Evolution
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We present the results of our eighth annual horizon scan of emerging issues likely to affect global biological diversity, the environment, and conservation efforts in the future. The potential effects of these novel issues might not yet be fully recognized or understood by the global conservation community, and the issues can be regarded as both opportunities and risks. A diverse international team with collective expertise in horizon scanning, science communication, and conservation research, practice, and policy reviewed 100 potential issues and identified 15 that qualified as emerging, with potential substantial global effects. These issues include new developments in energy storage and fuel production, sand extraction, potential solutions to combat coral bleaching and invasive marine species, and blockchain technology.

ACS Style

William J. Sutherland; Phoebe Barnard; Steven Broad; Mick Clout; Ben Connor; Isabelle M. Côté; Lynn Dicks; Helen Doran; Abigail C. Entwistle; Erica Fleishman; Marie Fox; Kevin J. Gaston; David W. Gibbons; Zhigang Jiang; Brandon Keim; Fiona Lickorish; Paul Markillie; Kathryn A. Monk; James W. Pearce-Higgins; Lloyd S. Peck; Jules Pretty; Mark D. Spalding; Femke H. Tonneijck; Bonnie C. Wintle; Nancy Ockendon. A 2017 Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation and Biological Diversity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2016, 32, 31 -40.

AMA Style

William J. Sutherland, Phoebe Barnard, Steven Broad, Mick Clout, Ben Connor, Isabelle M. Côté, Lynn Dicks, Helen Doran, Abigail C. Entwistle, Erica Fleishman, Marie Fox, Kevin J. Gaston, David W. Gibbons, Zhigang Jiang, Brandon Keim, Fiona Lickorish, Paul Markillie, Kathryn A. Monk, James W. Pearce-Higgins, Lloyd S. Peck, Jules Pretty, Mark D. Spalding, Femke H. Tonneijck, Bonnie C. Wintle, Nancy Ockendon. A 2017 Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation and Biological Diversity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2016; 32 (1):31-40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

William J. Sutherland; Phoebe Barnard; Steven Broad; Mick Clout; Ben Connor; Isabelle M. Côté; Lynn Dicks; Helen Doran; Abigail C. Entwistle; Erica Fleishman; Marie Fox; Kevin J. Gaston; David W. Gibbons; Zhigang Jiang; Brandon Keim; Fiona Lickorish; Paul Markillie; Kathryn A. Monk; James W. Pearce-Higgins; Lloyd S. Peck; Jules Pretty; Mark D. Spalding; Femke H. Tonneijck; Bonnie C. Wintle; Nancy Ockendon. 2016. "A 2017 Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation and Biological Diversity." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 32, no. 1: 31-40.

Articles
Published: 14 April 2016 in International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
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China has achieved impressive increases in agricultural output in recent decades. Yet, past approaches centred on a growing use of fertilizers, pesticides, fuel and water are not likely to achieve the required 30–50% additional increases in food production by mid-century. We show that efficiencies of production are falling and the costs of environmental harm are increasing. Agricultural innovations that improve natural capital are urgently needed. Conservation agriculture (CA) is now practised on >8 Mha in China and is offering promising prospects of both enhanced yields and environmental services. Our meta-analysis of 60 papers with 395 observations in China shows notable benefits from CA. Mean yield increase was 4.5% or 263 kg ha−1 for wheat, 8.3% or 424 kg ha−1 for maize, and 1.65% or 250 kg ha−1 for rice. In 34 datasets from 22 published papers (experimental duration: 2–17 years), 26 datasets (76.5%) show that CA increased yield and soil organic carbon (mean SOC increase of >3 g.kg−1 in 0–10 cm soil depth) when compared with traditional tillage. Key priorities for the spread of more sustainable forms of agriculture in China are national policy and financial support, better coordination across agencies, and better extension for farmers.

ACS Style

Hongwen Li; Jin He; Zareen Pervez Bharucha; Rattan Lal; Jules Pretty. Improving China’s food and environmental security with conservation agriculture. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 2016, 14, 377 -391.

AMA Style

Hongwen Li, Jin He, Zareen Pervez Bharucha, Rattan Lal, Jules Pretty. Improving China’s food and environmental security with conservation agriculture. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. 2016; 14 (4):377-391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongwen Li; Jin He; Zareen Pervez Bharucha; Rattan Lal; Jules Pretty. 2016. "Improving China’s food and environmental security with conservation agriculture." International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 14, no. 4: 377-391.

Research article
Published: 26 January 2016 in Journal of Experiential Education
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It is well understood that wilderness expeditions improve well-being; however, there is little supporting quantitative data. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of wilderness expeditions on self-esteem (SE) and connectedness to nature (CN) and assess whether benefits varied according to participant and expedition characteristics. SE and CN were assessed pre– and post–wilderness expeditions in 130 adolescents using Rosenberg’s SE scale and the state CN scale. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant increases in SE and CN ( p < .001) as a result of single expeditions. There was also an interaction effect of expedition and gender on SE ( p < .05). Males had a higher SE at the start but female SE increased most. Linear regression revealed that living environment, gender, and the length and location of the expedition did not contribute to changes in SE and CN. Regular contact with natural environments will improve adolescent well-being, with the largest improvements in females.

ACS Style

Jo Barton; Rachel Bragg; Jules Pretty; Jo Roberts; Carly Wood. The Wilderness Expedition. Journal of Experiential Education 2016, 39, 59 -72.

AMA Style

Jo Barton, Rachel Bragg, Jules Pretty, Jo Roberts, Carly Wood. The Wilderness Expedition. Journal of Experiential Education. 2016; 39 (1):59-72.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jo Barton; Rachel Bragg; Jules Pretty; Jo Roberts; Carly Wood. 2016. "The Wilderness Expedition." Journal of Experiential Education 39, no. 1: 59-72.

Feature review
Published: 11 December 2015 in Trends in Ecology & Evolution
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This paper presents the results of our seventh annual horizon scan, in which we aimed to identify issues that could have substantial effects on global biological diversity in the future, but are not currently widely well known or understood within the conservation community. Fifteen issues were identified by a team that included researchers, practitioners, professional horizon scanners, and journalists. The topics include use of managed bees as transporters of biological control agents, artificial superintelligence, electric pulse trawling, testosterone in the aquatic environment, building artificial oceanic islands, and the incorporation of ecological civilization principles into government policies in China.

ACS Style

William J. Sutherland; Steven Broad; Jacqueline Caine; Mick Clout; Lynn Dicks; Helen Doran; Abigail C. Entwistle; Erica Fleishman; David W. Gibbons; Brandon Keim; Becky LeAnstey; Fiona Lickorish; Paul Markillie; Kathryn A. Monk; Diana Mortimer; Nancy Ockendon; James W. Pearce-Higgins; Lloyd S. Peck; Jules Pretty; Johan Rockström; Mark D. Spalding; Femke H. Tonneijck; Bonnie C. Wintle; Katherine E. Wright. A Horizon Scan of Global Conservation Issues for 2016. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 2015, 31, 44 -53.

AMA Style

William J. Sutherland, Steven Broad, Jacqueline Caine, Mick Clout, Lynn Dicks, Helen Doran, Abigail C. Entwistle, Erica Fleishman, David W. Gibbons, Brandon Keim, Becky LeAnstey, Fiona Lickorish, Paul Markillie, Kathryn A. Monk, Diana Mortimer, Nancy Ockendon, James W. Pearce-Higgins, Lloyd S. Peck, Jules Pretty, Johan Rockström, Mark D. Spalding, Femke H. Tonneijck, Bonnie C. Wintle, Katherine E. Wright. A Horizon Scan of Global Conservation Issues for 2016. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 2015; 31 (1):44-53.

Chicago/Turabian Style

William J. Sutherland; Steven Broad; Jacqueline Caine; Mick Clout; Lynn Dicks; Helen Doran; Abigail C. Entwistle; Erica Fleishman; David W. Gibbons; Brandon Keim; Becky LeAnstey; Fiona Lickorish; Paul Markillie; Kathryn A. Monk; Diana Mortimer; Nancy Ockendon; James W. Pearce-Higgins; Lloyd S. Peck; Jules Pretty; Johan Rockström; Mark D. Spalding; Femke H. Tonneijck; Bonnie C. Wintle; Katherine E. Wright. 2015. "A Horizon Scan of Global Conservation Issues for 2016." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 31, no. 1: 44-53.

Journal article
Published: 08 October 2015 in Agroforestry Systems
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Shifting cultivation is now considered a largely unsustainable type of agroecosystem because of declines in productivity that come with increasing population pressure, shortening of fallow periods and non-availability of alternative land. Efforts to promote the adoption of agroforestry to improve shifting cultivation systems have been increasing. Here, we discuss intensification of agroforestry in shifting cultivation areas of Bangladesh through community participation. Drawing on field data from a collaborative agroforestry research project implemented in Chittagong hill tracts (CHT), it describes the use of agroforestry development, its sustainability, the challenges and opportunities of agroforestry development. We worked with villagers in three para (hamlets) to develop a participatory approach to the development of agroforestry options. On the basis of a combination of participants’ preferences and expert opinion, crop combinations were selected and agri-horti-silvicultural agroforestry systems developed. These participants now cultivate agricultural crops continuously year-on-year on slopes formerly subject to shifting systems. The benefit-cost ratio for agricultural crops was 3:1. Seedlings are growing well and average survival rates at more than 70 %. More than 80 % participants are now interested in agroforestry, and 54 % desire to expand agroforestry to other areas. For the future development and promotion of agroforestry by tribal communities in the CHT, conclusions are drawn about modes of collaborative working with local partners.

ACS Style

Tapan Kumar Nath; Mohammed Jashimuddin; Kamrul Hasan; Shahjahan; Jules Pretty. The sustainable intensification of agroforestry in shifting cultivation areas of Bangladesh. Agroforestry Systems 2015, 90, 405 -416.

AMA Style

Tapan Kumar Nath, Mohammed Jashimuddin, Kamrul Hasan, Shahjahan, Jules Pretty. The sustainable intensification of agroforestry in shifting cultivation areas of Bangladesh. Agroforestry Systems. 2015; 90 (3):405-416.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tapan Kumar Nath; Mohammed Jashimuddin; Kamrul Hasan; Shahjahan; Jules Pretty. 2015. "The sustainable intensification of agroforestry in shifting cultivation areas of Bangladesh." Agroforestry Systems 90, no. 3: 405-416.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2015 in Insects
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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a leading complement and alternative to synthetic pesticides and a form of sustainable intensification with particular importance for tropical smallholders. Global pesticide use has grown over the past 20 years to 3.5 billion kg/year, amounting to a global market worth $45 billion. The external costs of pesticides are $4–$19 (€3–15) per kg of active ingredient applied, suggesting that IPM approaches that result in lower pesticide use will benefit, not only farmers, but also wider environments and human health. Evidence for IPM’s impacts on pesticide use and yields remains patchy. We contribute an evaluation using data from 85 IPM projects from 24 countries of Asia and Africa implemented over the past twenty years. Analysing outcomes on productivity and reliance on pesticides, we find a mean yield increase across projects and crops of 40.9% (SD 72.3), combined with a decline in pesticide use to 30.7% (SD 34.9) compared with baseline. A total of 35 of 115 (30%) crop combinations resulted in a transition to zero pesticide use. We assess successes in four types of IPM projects, and find that at least 50% of pesticide use is not needed in most agroecosystems. Nonetheless, policy support for IPM is relatively rare, counter-interventions from pesticide industry common, and the IPM challenge never done as pests, diseases and weeds evolve and move.

ACS Style

Jules Pretty; Zareen Pervez Bharucha. Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Asia and Africa. Insects 2015, 6, 152 -182.

AMA Style

Jules Pretty, Zareen Pervez Bharucha. Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Asia and Africa. Insects. 2015; 6 (1):152-182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jules Pretty; Zareen Pervez Bharucha. 2015. "Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in Asia and Africa." Insects 6, no. 1: 152-182.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2015 in PeerJ
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Background. Ecosystem services (ES) generated within agricultural landscapes, including field boundaries, are vital for the sustainable supply of food and fibre. However, the value of ES in agriculture has not been quantified experimentally and then extrapolated globally.

ACS Style

Harpinder Sandhu; Steve Wratten; Robert Costanza; Jules Pretty; John R. Porter; John Reganold. Significance and value of non-traded ecosystem services on farmland. PeerJ 2015, 3, 1 .

AMA Style

Harpinder Sandhu, Steve Wratten, Robert Costanza, Jules Pretty, John R. Porter, John Reganold. Significance and value of non-traded ecosystem services on farmland. PeerJ. 2015; 3 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Harpinder Sandhu; Steve Wratten; Robert Costanza; Jules Pretty; John R. Porter; John Reganold. 2015. "Significance and value of non-traded ecosystem services on farmland." PeerJ 3, no. : 1.