(1) Background: The implementation of effective control measures in a timely fashion is crucial to control the epidemic outbreak of COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to analyze the control measures implemented during the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as evaluating the responses and outcomes at different phases for epidemic control in Taiwan. (2) Methods: This case study reviewed responses to COVID-19 and the effectiveness of a range of control measures implemented for epidemic control in Taiwan and assessed all laboratory-confirmed cases between 11 January until 20 December 2020, inclusive of these dates. The confirmation of COVID-19 infection was defined as the positive result of a reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction test taken from a nasopharyngeal swab. Test results were reported by the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. The incidence rate, mortality rate, and testing rate were compiled, and the risk ratio was provided to gain insights into the effectiveness of prevention measures. (3) Results and Discussion: This study presents retrospective data on the COVID-19 incidence rate in Taiwan, combined with the vital preventive control measures, in a timeline of the early stage of the epidemic that occurred in Taiwan. The implementation of multiple strategy control measures and the assistance of technologies to control the COVID-19 epidemic in Taiwan led to a relatively slower trend in the outbreak compared to the neighboring countries. In Taiwan, 766 confirmed patients were included, comprised of 88.1% imported cases and 7.2% local transmission cases, within the studied period. The incidence rate of COVID-19 in Taiwan during the studied period was 32 per million people, with a mortality rate of 0.3 per million people. Our analysis showed a significantly raised incidence risk ratio in the countries of interest in comparison to Taiwan during the study period; in the range of 1.9 to 947.5. The outbreak was brought under control through epidemic policies and hospital strategies implemented by the Taiwan Government. (4) Conclusion: Taiwan’s preventive strategies resulted in a drastically lower risk for Taiwan nationals of contracting COVID-19 when new pharmaceutical drug or vaccines were not yet available. The preventive strategies employed by Taiwan could serve as a guide and reference for future epidemic control strategies.
21 November 2024 in Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing
Background: Swaddle bathing is one of the recommended bathing techniques for infant according to Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses guidelines. Purpose: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of swaddle bathing in preventing temperature loss among preterm infants. Method: Comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Airiti Library databases. Methodological quality was assessed using RoB 2 for randomized controlled trials, randomized crossover trials, and ROBINSI for nonrandomized controlled trials. In addition, Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0 was used to conduct the meta-analysis. Results: Total of 4 randomized controlled trials, 2 randomized crossover trials, and 2 nonrandomized controlled trials, involving 424 preterm infants, were included. Overall effect size of the body temperature in the swaddle bathing (SMD = 1.17, 95% CI [0.61, 1.73], P < .001). Subgroup analysis was performed based on the body temperature measurement intervals and bathing duration; these findings indicate that swaddle bathing is effective in preventing body temperature loss among preterm infants. Linking Evidence to Action: Swaddle bathing is a recommended intervention to prevent body temperature loss in preterm infants. Neonatal nurses are encouraged to integrate this technique as a standard practice in neonatal intensive care units and special care nurseries. Clinical implementation should ensure a bathing duration of 4–11 minutes, room temperature 24°C–28°C, relative humidity 50%–60%, and bathwater temperature 37°C–39°C to optimize thermoregulation. These findings highlight the importance of individualized care planning, incorporation of swaddle bathing into nursing protocols, and ongoing staff education to ensure consistency.