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Climate change can directly or indirectly influence groundwater resources. The mechanisms of this influence are complex and not easily quantified. Understanding the effect of climate change on groundwater systems can help governments adopt suitable strategies for water resources. The baseflow concept can be used to relate climate conditions to groundwater systems for assessing the climate change impact on groundwater resources. This study applies the stable baseflow concept to the estimation of the groundwater recharge in ten groundwater regions in Taiwan, under historical and climate scenario conditions. The recharge rates at the main river gauge stations in the groundwater regions were assessed using historical data. Regression equations between rainfall and groundwater recharge quantities were developed for the ten groundwater regions. The assessment results can be used for recharge evaluation in Taiwan. The climate change estimation results show that climate change would increase groundwater recharge by 32.6% or decrease it by 28.9% on average under the climate scenarios, with respect to the baseline quantity in Taiwan. The impact of climate change on groundwater systems may be positive. This study proposes a method for assessing the impact of climate change on groundwater systems. The assessment results provide important information for strategy development in groundwater resources management.
Shih-Jung Wang; Cheng-Haw Lee; Chen-Feng Yeh; Yong Choo; Hung-Wei Tseng. Evaluation of Climate Change Impact on Groundwater Recharge in Groundwater Regions in Taiwan. Water 2021, 13, 1153 .
AMA StyleShih-Jung Wang, Cheng-Haw Lee, Chen-Feng Yeh, Yong Choo, Hung-Wei Tseng. Evaluation of Climate Change Impact on Groundwater Recharge in Groundwater Regions in Taiwan. Water. 2021; 13 (9):1153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShih-Jung Wang; Cheng-Haw Lee; Chen-Feng Yeh; Yong Choo; Hung-Wei Tseng. 2021. "Evaluation of Climate Change Impact on Groundwater Recharge in Groundwater Regions in Taiwan." Water 13, no. 9: 1153.
Climate change and anthropogenic activity are the main factors impacting the hydrological environment. For sustainable water utilization, identifying the impact contribution of these two factors on the streamflow variations is an important topic in recent research. In this study, seven river basins in southern Taiwan were selected as the study area to evaluate the annual streamflow from 1980 to 2017. The decomposition and elasticity methods based on the Budyko hypothesis were applied to quantify the contribution of climate and anthropogenic factors to the streamflow variations. In addition, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to represent the actual situation of land cover and verify the parameters in the Budyko equation. The two quantitative methods consistently demonstrated that the streamflow variations from pre- to post-period occurred due to the climate factor. The elasticity coefficient of variables demonstrated that the streamflow change is more sensitive to precipitation and this influence reduces from pre- to post-period as the streamflow increase. In the NDVI variations, except for the Yanshui and the Linbain rivers, the Budyko equation parameters changed consistently with NDVI. The present study provides effective results on the contribution of streamflow variations in southern Taiwan to serve as a reference for future water management.
Jyun Tsao; Cheng-Haw Lee; Hsin-Fu Yeh. Attribution of Streamflow Variations in Southern Taiwan. Water 2020, 12, 2465 .
AMA StyleJyun Tsao, Cheng-Haw Lee, Hsin-Fu Yeh. Attribution of Streamflow Variations in Southern Taiwan. Water. 2020; 12 (9):2465.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJyun Tsao; Cheng-Haw Lee; Hsin-Fu Yeh. 2020. "Attribution of Streamflow Variations in Southern Taiwan." Water 12, no. 9: 2465.
In recent years, global climate change has altered precipitation patterns, causing uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation that gradually induces precipitation polarization phenomena. Taiwan is located in the subtropical climate zone, with distinct wet and dry seasons, which makes the polarization phenomenon more obvious; this has also led to a large difference between river flows during the wet and dry seasons, which is significantly influenced by precipitation, resulting in hydrological drought. Therefore, to effectively address the growing issue of water shortages, it is necessary to explore and assess the drought characteristics of river systems. In this study, the drought characteristics of northern Taiwan were studied using the streamflow drought index (SDI) and Markov chains. Analysis results showed that the year 2002 was a turning point for drought severity in both the Lanyang River and Yilan River basins; the severity of rain events in the Lanyang River basin increased after 2002, and the severity of drought events in the Yilan River basin exhibited a gradual upward trend. In the study of drought severity, analysis results from periods of three months (November to January) and six months (November to April) have shown significant drought characteristics. In addition, analysis of drought occurrence probabilities using the method of Markov chains has shown that the occurrence probabilities of drought events are higher in the Lanyang River basin than in the Yilan River basin; particularly for extreme events, the occurrence probability of an extreme drought event is 20.6% during the dry season (November to April) in the Lanyang River basin, and 3.4% in the Yilan River basin. This study shows that for analysis of drought/wet occurrence probabilities, the results obtained for the drought frequency and occurrence probability using short-term data with the method of Markov chains can be used to predict the long-term occurrence probability of drought/wet events.
Chen-Feng Yeh; Jinge Wang; Hsin-Fu Yeh; Cheng-Haw Lee. SDI and Markov Chains for Regional Drought Characteristics. Sustainability 2015, 7, 10789 -10808.
AMA StyleChen-Feng Yeh, Jinge Wang, Hsin-Fu Yeh, Cheng-Haw Lee. SDI and Markov Chains for Regional Drought Characteristics. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (8):10789-10808.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen-Feng Yeh; Jinge Wang; Hsin-Fu Yeh; Cheng-Haw Lee. 2015. "SDI and Markov Chains for Regional Drought Characteristics." Sustainability 7, no. 8: 10789-10808.
Streamflow is an important factor in the study of water resource management, floods, and droughts. Dramatic climate change has created extreme rainfall distributions, making the study of streamflow trends and variability even more crucial. In this study, the long-term streamflow data and trends recorded at gauging stations in Northern Taiwan are analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test. The data used for trend analysis are the average annual streamflow, the average seasonal streamflow, and the high and low flows. The slope trend is calculated using the Theil-Sen estimator. Finally, change point analysis is conducted using the Mann-Whitney-Pettit test and the cumulative deviation test to gain further information about the change points and to understand the changes in streamflow before and after the change points. The average annual streamflow of the 12 gauging stations in the study area is analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test. The results show that of the 12 gauging stations, only the Ximen Bridge Station in the Lanyang River basin show a significant downward streamflow trend. Results of the monthly and seasonal average streamflow analysis show that in the spring, 72.2% of the gauging stations showed upward streamflow trends, most of which were located in the Tamsui River and the Touqian River basins. The high and low flow data analysis shows that the Ximen Bridge Station was the only gauging station to feature a significant downward streamflow trend for both high and low flows. This distribution pattern provides valuable information for regional hydrological studies and water management.
Chen-Feng Yeh; Jinge Wang; Hsin-Fu Yeh; Cheng-Haw Lee. Spatial and Temporal Streamflow Trends in Northern Taiwan. Water 2015, 7, 634 -651.
AMA StyleChen-Feng Yeh, Jinge Wang, Hsin-Fu Yeh, Cheng-Haw Lee. Spatial and Temporal Streamflow Trends in Northern Taiwan. Water. 2015; 7 (12):634-651.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen-Feng Yeh; Jinge Wang; Hsin-Fu Yeh; Cheng-Haw Lee. 2015. "Spatial and Temporal Streamflow Trends in Northern Taiwan." Water 7, no. 12: 634-651.
Groundwater resource investigations primarily involve inferring groundwater levels and recharge sources from factors such as the distributed location and range, subsurface geological structure, and flow paths of groundwater sources. This study conducted an investigation on the underground aquifer at the downstream of the Chih-Ben Creek basin, Taiwan. In addition, convenient, rapid, and accurate two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was employed for evaluations. The cross-sectional ERT image indicates that the low-resistivity region in the stratum at survey line CB01 may be a groundwater deposit or fracture zone. This region can be divided into three major segments. The segment that is 0–50 m from the survey line exhibits a decreasing trend and is thus inferred to be a recharge source. Survey line CB02 can be generally divided into four layers, with the second layer containing a greater amount of groundwater. This layer is an aquifer with a depth of approximately 25–100 m below the ground surface and 75–100 m in thickness. The base of the aquifer slopes toward the east and primarily possesses a lithological composition of slate and sandstone with explicit and fractured joints.
Hsin-Fu Yeh; Hung-I Lin; Chi-Shin Wu; Kuo-Chin Hsu; Jhe-Wei Lee; Cheng-Haw Lee. Electrical resistivity tomography applied to groundwater aquifer at downstream of Chih-Ben Creek basin, Taiwan. Environmental Earth Sciences 2014, 73, 4681 -4687.
AMA StyleHsin-Fu Yeh, Hung-I Lin, Chi-Shin Wu, Kuo-Chin Hsu, Jhe-Wei Lee, Cheng-Haw Lee. Electrical resistivity tomography applied to groundwater aquifer at downstream of Chih-Ben Creek basin, Taiwan. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2014; 73 (8):4681-4687.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsin-Fu Yeh; Hung-I Lin; Chi-Shin Wu; Kuo-Chin Hsu; Jhe-Wei Lee; Cheng-Haw Lee. 2014. "Electrical resistivity tomography applied to groundwater aquifer at downstream of Chih-Ben Creek basin, Taiwan." Environmental Earth Sciences 73, no. 8: 4681-4687.
In this study, the stable isotope values of oxygen and hydrogen were used to identify the seasonal contribution ratios of precipitation to groundwater recharge in the Hualien River basin of eastern Taiwan. The differences and correlations of isotopes in various water bodies were examined to evaluate the groundwater recharge sources for the Hualian River basin and the interrelations between groundwater and surface water. Proportions of recharge sources were calculated based on the results of the mass balance analysis of the isotope composition of hydrogen and oxygen in the basin. Mountain river water accounted for 83% and plain rainfall accounted for 17% of the groundwater recharge in the Huanlian River basin. Using the mean d-values, a comparison of d-values of precipitation and groundwater indicates the groundwater consists of 75.5% wet seasonal sources and 24.5% dry seasonal sources, representing a distinct seasonal variation of groundwater recharge in the study area. Comparisons between hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in rainwater showed that differences in the amount of rainfall resulted in depleted oxygen and hydrogen isotopes for precipitation in wet seasons as compared to dry seasons. The river water contained more depleted hydrogen and oxygen isotopes than was the case for precipitation, implying that the river water mainly came from the upstream catchment. In addition, the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the groundwater slightly deviated from the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic meteoric water line in Huanlian. Therefore, the groundwater in this basin might be a mixture of river water and precipitation, resulting in the effect of the river water recharge being greater than that of rainfall infiltration.
Hsin-Fu Yeh; Hung-I Lin; Cheng-Haw Lee; Kuo-Chin Hsu; Chi-Shin Wu. Identifying Seasonal Groundwater Recharge Using Environmental Stable Isotopes. Water 2014, 6, 2849 -2861.
AMA StyleHsin-Fu Yeh, Hung-I Lin, Cheng-Haw Lee, Kuo-Chin Hsu, Chi-Shin Wu. Identifying Seasonal Groundwater Recharge Using Environmental Stable Isotopes. Water. 2014; 6 (10):2849-2861.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsin-Fu Yeh; Hung-I Lin; Cheng-Haw Lee; Kuo-Chin Hsu; Chi-Shin Wu. 2014. "Identifying Seasonal Groundwater Recharge Using Environmental Stable Isotopes." Water 6, no. 10: 2849-2861.
The temporal and spatial distributions of precipitation are extremely uneven; so, careful management of water resources in Taiwan is crucial. The long-term overexploitation of groundwater resources poses a challenge to water resource management in Taiwan. However, assessing groundwater resources in mountainous basins is challenging due to limited information. In this study, a geographic information system (GIS) and stable base-flow (SBF) techniques were used to assess the characteristics of groundwater recharge considering the Wu River watershed in central Taiwan as a study area. First, a GIS approach was used to integrate five contributing factors: lithology, land cover/land use, lineaments, drainage, and slope. The weights of factors contributing to the groundwater recharge were obtained from aerial photos, geological maps, a land use database, and field verification. Second, the SBF was used to estimate the groundwater recharge in a mountainous basin scale. The concept of the SBF technique was to separate the base-flow from the total streamflow discharge in order to obtain a measure of groundwater recharge. The SBF technique has the advantage of integrating groundwater recharge across an entire basin without complex hydro-geologic modelling and detailed knowledge of the soil characteristics. In this study, our approach for estimating recharge provides not only an estimate of how much water becomes groundwater, but also explains the characteristics of a potential groundwater recharge zone.
Hsin-Fu Yeh; Hung-I Lin; Shing-Tsz Lee; Min-Hsiang Chang; Kuo-Chin Hsu; Cheng-Haw Lee. GIS and SBF for estimating groundwater recharge of a mountainous basin in the Wu River watershed, Taiwan. Journal of Earth System Science 2014, 123, 503 -516.
AMA StyleHsin-Fu Yeh, Hung-I Lin, Shing-Tsz Lee, Min-Hsiang Chang, Kuo-Chin Hsu, Cheng-Haw Lee. GIS and SBF for estimating groundwater recharge of a mountainous basin in the Wu River watershed, Taiwan. Journal of Earth System Science. 2014; 123 (3):503-516.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsin-Fu Yeh; Hung-I Lin; Shing-Tsz Lee; Min-Hsiang Chang; Kuo-Chin Hsu; Cheng-Haw Lee. 2014. "GIS and SBF for estimating groundwater recharge of a mountainous basin in the Wu River watershed, Taiwan." Journal of Earth System Science 123, no. 3: 503-516.
To assess groundwater recharge, this study provided a composite method combining the recession-curve-displacement method and water-table fluctuation method. First, the initial recharge reference value was determined using the water-table fluctuation method. The corresponding groundwater discharge was then determined from the recharge reference value using the recession-curve-displacement method. Furthermore, the recession segment of the match between groundwater discharge and streamflow was computed. The recharge reference value was repeatedly adjusted to achieve a good fit with the recession segment for groundwater discharge and streamflow, thereby attaining the final groundwater recharge using the proposed method. Finally, the groundwater recharge of the Lanyang Creek basin in Taiwan was estimated as a case study. A comparison of recession-curve-displacement method and proposed composite method are presented. Estimation results show that the number of recharge events, recharge timing of these events, groundwater recharge events that satisfy recession theory, and range of transmissivity can be obtained using the proposed composite method. Comparison results demonstrate that the number of groundwater recharge events obtained with the composite method was greater than that acquired with the recession-curvedisplacement method. However, the annual recharge and seasonal recharge obtained with the recession-curve-displacement method and composite method were close.
Wen-Jui Kung; Hsin-Fu Yeh; Hung-I Lin; Wei-Ping Chen; Cheng-Haw Lee. An approach to evaluate groundwater recharge from streamflow and groundwater records. Geosciences Journal 2013, 17, 353 -362.
AMA StyleWen-Jui Kung, Hsin-Fu Yeh, Hung-I Lin, Wei-Ping Chen, Cheng-Haw Lee. An approach to evaluate groundwater recharge from streamflow and groundwater records. Geosciences Journal. 2013; 17 (3):353-362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWen-Jui Kung; Hsin-Fu Yeh; Hung-I Lin; Wei-Ping Chen; Cheng-Haw Lee. 2013. "An approach to evaluate groundwater recharge from streamflow and groundwater records." Geosciences Journal 17, no. 3: 353-362.
Precipitation infiltration is one of the most significant triggering factors for slope failure occurrence in many places around the world. Knowledge of the mechanisms leading to precipitation-induced slope failures is of great importance to the management of landslide hazard. In this study, a soil water balance model is developed to estimate soil water flux during the process of infiltration from rainfall data, with consideration of storm periods and non-storm periods. Two important assumptions in this study are given: (1) instantaneous uniform distribution of the degree of saturation and (2) a linear relationship between evapotranspiration and the related degree of saturation. For storm periods, the Brooks and Corey model estimates both the soil water retention curve and soil water parameters. The infiltration partition is employed by an infinite-series solution of Philip in conjunction with the time compression approximation. For none-storm periods, evapotranspiration can be derived for the moisture depletion of soil water. This study presents a procedure for calculating the safety factor for an unsaturated slope suffering from precipitation infiltration. The process of infiltration into a slope due to rainfall and its effect on soil slope behavior are examined using modified Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion in conjunction with a soil water balance model. The results indicate that the matric suction, which is closely related to slope stability, is affected by the degree of saturation controlled by rainfall events.
Hsin-Fu Yeh; Cheng-Haw Lee. Soil water balance model for precipitation-induced shallow landslides. Environmental Earth Sciences 2013, 70, 2691 -2701.
AMA StyleHsin-Fu Yeh, Cheng-Haw Lee. Soil water balance model for precipitation-induced shallow landslides. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2013; 70 (6):2691-2701.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsin-Fu Yeh; Cheng-Haw Lee. 2013. "Soil water balance model for precipitation-induced shallow landslides." Environmental Earth Sciences 70, no. 6: 2691-2701.
As an important aquifer parameter, transmissivity significantly contributes to the development of local and regional water resources. By integrating the instantaneous recharge theory, the master recession curve and the recession-curve-displacement method, the study estimates the transmissivity in a basin based on stream hydrograph records by developing an analytical approach. Rainfall characteristics of wet and dry seasons, as obtained from the stream records of the Leeling streamflow gauging station in southern Taiwan from 1991 to 2004, are also considered. A case study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed analytical approach in estimating transmissivity accurately by comparing with field records of data obtained from a pumping test and the master recession curve of the wet season. The proposed analytical approach is useful for basins where well data is scarce.
Yung-Ping Huang; Wen-Jui Kung; Cheng-Haw Lee. Estimating aquifer transmissivity in a basin based on stream hydrograph records using an analytical approach. Environmental Earth Sciences 2010, 63, 461 -468.
AMA StyleYung-Ping Huang, Wen-Jui Kung, Cheng-Haw Lee. Estimating aquifer transmissivity in a basin based on stream hydrograph records using an analytical approach. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2010; 63 (3):461-468.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYung-Ping Huang; Wen-Jui Kung; Cheng-Haw Lee. 2010. "Estimating aquifer transmissivity in a basin based on stream hydrograph records using an analytical approach." Environmental Earth Sciences 63, no. 3: 461-468.
Assessing the seasonal variation of groundwater recharge is important for effective management of groundwater resources. Stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen were used to estimate the sources of groundwater and seasonal contributions of precipitation to groundwater recharge in Chih-Pen Creek basin of eastern Taiwan. Based on the isotopes of precipitation (n = 177), two different local meteoric water regression lines (LMWL) can be obtained for the different seasons: δD = 8.0618O + 10.08 for wet season precipitation (May through October) and δD = 8.65δ18O + 17.09 for dry season precipitation (November through April). The slope and intercept of regression line for wet season precipitation are virtually identical to the global meteoric water line (GMWL) of Craig (1961). In contrast to during dry season precipitation due to evaporation effect the intercept of 17.09 is much higher than of the GMWL of 10. The results show the stable isotopes compositions of precipitation decrease with increasing rainfall amount and air temperature, due to the amount effect of precipitation is pronounced. The amount effect is clearly but do not show the temperature effect from January to December 2007. Using a mass-balance equation, a comparison of deuterium excess or d values of precipitation and groundwater indicates the groundwater consist of 76% wet season precipitation and 24% dry season precipitation, representing a distinct seasonal variation of groundwater recharge in study area. About 79% of the groundwater is recharged from the river water of the mountain watershed and 21% is from the rain that falls on the basin.
Hsin-Fu Yeh; Cheng-Haw Lee; Kuo-Chin Hsu. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes for the characteristics of groundwater recharge: a case study from the Chih-Pen Creek basin, Taiwan. Environmental Earth Sciences 2010, 62, 393 -402.
AMA StyleHsin-Fu Yeh, Cheng-Haw Lee, Kuo-Chin Hsu. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes for the characteristics of groundwater recharge: a case study from the Chih-Pen Creek basin, Taiwan. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2010; 62 (2):393-402.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsin-Fu Yeh; Cheng-Haw Lee; Kuo-Chin Hsu. 2010. "Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes for the characteristics of groundwater recharge: a case study from the Chih-Pen Creek basin, Taiwan." Environmental Earth Sciences 62, no. 2: 393-402.
Land subsidence is a serious problem in Taiwan’s Yunlin area due to groundwater overpumping. There are safety risks in the high-speed railway structures in the areas of Siluo, Huwei, Tuku, and Yuanchang towns that run from north to south in the Yunlin area. Therefore, it is important to increase the groundwater recharge and to remedy the land subsidence in this area. The purpose of this study is to use the stream-flow estimation model (SF) and the groundwater flow numerical software MODFLOW (MF) to estimate the stream infiltration with consideration to the variation of the river water level in the Hsinhuwei River. The Ferris analytical model (FA) and MF are used to estimate the increased stream infiltration after the water level of the river rises. The hydraulic parameters required for each model are obtained from field observations and laboratory experiments. The results indicate that the assessment of the stream infiltration obtained through the SF and MF models are 264.2 × 104 and 170.9 × 104 m3/year, respectively. When the river water level increases by about 2.5 m, the annual stream infiltration obtained through the FA and MF models significantly increases by 31.6 × 104 and 26.4 × 104 m3/year, respectively. Taken together, the stream storages estimated using these two models indicate that an increasing efficiency of groundwater recharge is within the range of 10.0–18.5%.
Jung-Wei Chen; Hsun-Huang Hsieh; Hsin-Fu Yeh; Cheng-Haw Lee. The effect of the variation of river water levels on the estimation of groundwater recharge in the Hsinhuwei River, Taiwan. Environmental Earth Sciences 2009, 59, 1297 -1307.
AMA StyleJung-Wei Chen, Hsun-Huang Hsieh, Hsin-Fu Yeh, Cheng-Haw Lee. The effect of the variation of river water levels on the estimation of groundwater recharge in the Hsinhuwei River, Taiwan. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2009; 59 (6):1297-1307.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung-Wei Chen; Hsun-Huang Hsieh; Hsin-Fu Yeh; Cheng-Haw Lee. 2009. "The effect of the variation of river water levels on the estimation of groundwater recharge in the Hsinhuwei River, Taiwan." Environmental Earth Sciences 59, no. 6: 1297-1307.
Water resources in Taiwan are unevenly distributed in spatial and temporal domains. Effectively utilizing the water resources is an imperative task due to climate change. At present, groundwater contributes 34% of the total annual water supply and is an important fresh water resource. However, over-exploitation has decreased groundwater availability and has led to land subsidence. Assessing the potential zone of groundwater recharge is extremely important for the protection of water quality and the management of groundwater systems. The Chih-Pen Creek basin in eastern Taiwan is examined in this study to assess its groundwater resources potential. Remote sensing and the geographical information system (GIS) are used to integrate five contributing factors: lithology, land cover/land use, lineaments, drainage, and slope. The weights of factors contributing to the groundwater recharge are derived using aerial photos, geology maps, a land use database, and field verification. The resultant map of the groundwater potential zone demonstrates that the highest recharge potential area is located towards the downstream regions in the basin because of the high infiltration rates caused by gravelly sand and agricultural land use in these regions. In contrast, the least effective recharge potential area is in upstream regions due to the low infiltration of limestone.
Hsin-Fu Yeh; Cheng-Haw Lee; Kuo-Chin Hsu; Po-Hsun Chang. GIS for the assessment of the groundwater recharge potential zone. Environmental Earth Sciences 2008, 58, 185 -195.
AMA StyleHsin-Fu Yeh, Cheng-Haw Lee, Kuo-Chin Hsu, Po-Hsun Chang. GIS for the assessment of the groundwater recharge potential zone. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2008; 58 (1):185-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsin-Fu Yeh; Cheng-Haw Lee; Kuo-Chin Hsu; Po-Hsun Chang. 2008. "GIS for the assessment of the groundwater recharge potential zone." Environmental Earth Sciences 58, no. 1: 185-195.
Estimation of groundwater recharge is extremely important for proper management of groundwater systems. Many different approaches exist for estimating recharge. The main purpose of this paper is to apply a water balance concept with two methods to estimate the groundwater recharge in the Ching-Shui watershed, Taiwan. First, a soil moisture budget method is established to estimate the infiltration, runoff, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge in the watershed, where the moisture content of the soil is tracked through time. Both soil–water properties of the unsaturated zone and climatic conditions must be fully considered. Second the base-flow model uses the base-flow separation from the total streamflow discharge to obtain a measure of groundwater recharge so that groundwater evapotranspiration is negligible. In contrast to the soil moisture budget method, base-flow estimation does not require complex hydrogeologic modeling and detailed knowledge of soil characteristics. In a previous study, we suggested that high base-flow is caused by rainstorm events. Using model analysis, depths of recharge estimated by stable-base-flow analysis are adopted to obtain more reasonable groundwater recharge values. The results indicate that assessment of the average annual recharge obtained with a soil moisture budget and the base-flow are very close; the ratio of the two methods is about 95.3%.
Cheng-Haw Lee; Hsin-Fu Yeh; Jin-Fa Chen. Estimation of groundwater recharge using the soil moisture budget method and the base-flow model. Environmental Earth Sciences 2007, 54, 1787 -1797.
AMA StyleCheng-Haw Lee, Hsin-Fu Yeh, Jin-Fa Chen. Estimation of groundwater recharge using the soil moisture budget method and the base-flow model. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2007; 54 (8):1787-1797.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng-Haw Lee; Hsin-Fu Yeh; Jin-Fa Chen. 2007. "Estimation of groundwater recharge using the soil moisture budget method and the base-flow model." Environmental Earth Sciences 54, no. 8: 1787-1797.
This study was based on the discrete fracture model to investigate the influence of fracture parameters on the solute transport in the fractured rocks of andesite in Lan-Yu island, Taiwan. In the simulation cases, the centers of fractures, fracture lengths and apertures were assumed to have Poisson’s distribution, negative exponential distribution and lognormal distribution, respectively. With the above assumptions, constructing the discrete fracture model became practicable. Using the mass-balance equation with specified boundary conditions, the flow field in the rock was solved. Then particles were released under the flow field. Monte Carlo method was used assuming that the amount of particles was proportional to the flow rates to get the particle accumulated percentage breakthrough curve and to estimate the dispersion coefficient. On the basis of the discrete fracture model, it was possible to evaluate the property of dispersion behavior of andesite in Lan-Yu Island with flow and transport mechanism. Properties of the dispersion behavior such as the relation between distance and traveling-time (ln〈r 2〉 and ln 〈t〉), anisotropic behavior, and the overall dispersion coefficient in a fracture network were characterized: the slope value of ln〈r 2〉 and ln〈t〉 was 1.64 an indication of non-Fickian dispersion, the particles dispersion along the flow (D11) was bigger than that perpendicular to the flow (D22), and the dispersion coefficient by this study was 0.91 m comparing the value 1 m from Sauty’s method.
Lee Cheng-Haw; Lee Chen-Chang; Lin Bih-Shan. The estimation of dispersion behavior in discrete fractured networks of andesite in Lan-Yu Island, Taiwan. Environmental Earth Sciences 2006, 52, 1297 -1306.
AMA StyleLee Cheng-Haw, Lee Chen-Chang, Lin Bih-Shan. The estimation of dispersion behavior in discrete fractured networks of andesite in Lan-Yu Island, Taiwan. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2006; 52 (7):1297-1306.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee Cheng-Haw; Lee Chen-Chang; Lin Bih-Shan. 2006. "The estimation of dispersion behavior in discrete fractured networks of andesite in Lan-Yu Island, Taiwan." Environmental Earth Sciences 52, no. 7: 1297-1306.
In this paper, the long-term mean annual groundwater recharge of Taiwan is estimated with the help of a water-balance approach coupled with the base-flow-record estimation and stable-base-flow analysis. Long-term mean annual groundwater recharge was derived by determining the product of estimated long-term mean annual runoff (the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration) and the base-flow index (BFI). The BFI was calculated from daily streamflow data obtained from streamflow gauging stations in Taiwan. Mapping was achieved by using geographic information systems (GIS) and geostatistics. The presented approach does not require complex hydrogeologic modeling or detailed knowledge of soil characteristics, vegetation cover, or land-use practices. Contours of the resulting long-term mean annual P, BFI, runoff, groundwater recharge, and recharge rates fields are well matched with the topographical distribution of Taiwan, which extends from mountain range toward the alluvial plains of the island. The total groundwater recharge of Taiwan obtained by the employed method is about 18 billion tons per year.
Cheng-Haw Lee; Wei-Ping Chen; Ru-Huang Lee. Estimation of groundwater recharge using water balance coupled with base-flow-record estimation and stable-base-flow analysis. Environmental Earth Sciences 2006, 51, 73 -82.
AMA StyleCheng-Haw Lee, Wei-Ping Chen, Ru-Huang Lee. Estimation of groundwater recharge using water balance coupled with base-flow-record estimation and stable-base-flow analysis. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2006; 51 (1):73-82.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng-Haw Lee; Wei-Ping Chen; Ru-Huang Lee. 2006. "Estimation of groundwater recharge using water balance coupled with base-flow-record estimation and stable-base-flow analysis." Environmental Earth Sciences 51, no. 1: 73-82.
The purpose of this paper is to estimate ground-water recharge based on the investigation of the balance between ground-water recharge and discharge from streamflow hydrographs. Two methods of hydrograph analysis are employed in a case study of Cho-Shui River basin, Taiwan. The first is the recession-curve-displacement method, which assumes the linearity of the master recession curve while the profile of the ground-water head distribution is nearly stable. The second method is the base-flow-record estimation, which uses a relatively arbitrary procedure to estimate a continuous record of ground-water discharge (baseflow) under the streamflow hydrograph. Through implementing these two methods, the annual rates of ground-water recharge and infiltration in the area of Cho-Shui River basin are examined as our case study. Results showed that the discharge calculated by the method of base-flow-record estimation is about 16% average less than the recharge calculated by the recession-curve-displacement method in the mountain region.
Wei-Ping Chen; Cheng-Haw Lee. Estimating ground-water recharge from streamflow records. Environmental Earth Sciences 2003, 44, 257 -265.
AMA StyleWei-Ping Chen, Cheng-Haw Lee. Estimating ground-water recharge from streamflow records. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2003; 44 (3):257-265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei-Ping Chen; Cheng-Haw Lee. 2003. "Estimating ground-water recharge from streamflow records." Environmental Earth Sciences 44, no. 3: 257-265.