Recent advances in the functionalization of graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) using classical coordination complexes, as well as σ- and π-organometallic compounds as precursors, are discussed. Graphene can form hybrids via covalent or non-covalent interactions with metal complexes of carboxylates, amines, polypyridine compounds, a host of N,O-containing ligands, porphyrins, phthalocyanines, carbonyls, cyclopentadienyls, pyrene-containing moieties, and other aromatic structures. The hybrid constructs are interesting for applications in catalysis, energy storage, and corrosion inhibition and present interesting possibilities of modulating the electronic structure of graphene.

Iron-based Nanomaterials in the Catalysis | InTechOpen, Published on: 2016-02-03. Authors: Boris I. Kharisov, Oxana V. Kharissova, H.V. Rasika Dias, et

The influence of synthesis method, cycles quantity and sonication time in the gold nanoparticles size and plasmon resonance were analyzed to establish the synthesis with smaller nanoparticle size and higher absorbance. Gold nanoparticles were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and surface electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the nanoparticles obtained by microwave have bigger size but higher absorption. These nanoparticles were analyzed one year after its synthesis and it was found that the plasmon resonance signal remains almost unchanged. Finally, two equation were derived from the analyzes for estimate molar extinction coefficient, molar concentration and nanoparticle average diameter.

A top-down synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQD) was carried out by hydrothermal method from different carbon sources (graphene, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and black carbon) and ${\mathrm{H}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_2$ as an oxidizing agent, with an N source added in the reaction to modify the chemical surface of the GQD, giving rise to the nanomaterial N-GQD. The modified chemical surface of N-GQD partially allowed the nucleation and coupling of gold nanoparticles from a $\mathrm{H}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{l}}_4$ solution. The X-ray diffraction spectrogram confirms the amorphization of the precursor materials, while the functionalized surface of N-GQD was characterized through UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared, and photoluminescense spectrometry; TEM and FE-SEM show particle sizes between 8 and 15 nm. N-GQD@AuNP presence can be confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and TEM analysis, showing partial coupling and nanoparticle nucleation of Au in the structure with particle sizes between 20 and 40 nm.