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Tomasz Cepowski
Faculty of Navigation, Maritime University of Szczecin, ul. Wały Chrobrego 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland

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Journal article
Published: 07 August 2021 in Energies
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The 2007–2008 financial crisis, together with rises in fuel prices and stringent pollution regulation, led to the need to update the methods concerning ship propulsion system design. In this article, a set of artificial neural networks was used to update the design equations to estimate the engine power and fuel consumption of modern tankers, bulk carriers, and container ships. Deadweight or TEU capacity and ship speed were used as the inputs for the ANNs. This study shows that even a linear ANN with two neurons in the input and output layers, with purelin activation functions, offers an accurate estimation of ship propulsion parameters. The proposed linear ANNs have simple mathematical structures and are straightforward to apply. The ANNs presented in the article were developed based on the data of the most recent ships built from 2015 to present, and could have a practical application at the preliminary design stage, in transportation or air pollution studies for modern commercial cargo ships. The presented equations mirror trends found in the literature and offer much greater accuracy for the features of new-built ships. The article shows how to estimate CO2 emissions for a bulk carrier, tanker, and container carrier utilizing the proposed ANNs.

ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski; Paweł Chorab. The Use of Artificial Neural Networks to Determine the Engine Power and Fuel Consumption of Modern Bulk Carriers, Tankers and Container Ships. Energies 2021, 14, 4827 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski, Paweł Chorab. The Use of Artificial Neural Networks to Determine the Engine Power and Fuel Consumption of Modern Bulk Carriers, Tankers and Container Ships. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):4827.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski; Paweł Chorab. 2021. "The Use of Artificial Neural Networks to Determine the Engine Power and Fuel Consumption of Modern Bulk Carriers, Tankers and Container Ships." Energies 14, no. 16: 4827.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2021 in Ocean Engineering
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The article presents equations for the estimation of steel motor yacht light displacement based on selected design parameters, such as length overall, draught and breadth. The data of 240 build steel motor yachts from 2000 to 2020 with lengths from 30 m to 86 m were used to develop these equations. The complex design equations based on all design parameters were developed through the use of computational intelligence techniques, such as random search and Artificial Neural Networks. The simple relationships based on only one input design parameter were developed using common linear and non-linear regression. The study showed that the random search method, which utilizes a Multiple Nonlinear Regression model, offers good results that are as accurate as those developed through the use of artificial neural networks. The developed equations may have practical application for the parametric design of yachts.

ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. An estimation of motor yacht light displacement based on design parameters using computational intelligence techniques. Ocean Engineering 2021, 231, 109086 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. An estimation of motor yacht light displacement based on design parameters using computational intelligence techniques. Ocean Engineering. 2021; 231 ():109086.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2021. "An estimation of motor yacht light displacement based on design parameters using computational intelligence techniques." Ocean Engineering 231, no. : 109086.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2019 in Ocean Engineering
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This article focuses on the use of an artificial neural network to estimate added resistance in regular head waves while using ship design parameters, such as length, breadth, draught or Froude number. In order to create a reliable model, only experimental data determined through model test measurements was used to train the neural network. This study showed that added wave resistance values predicted by the neural network soundly correlated with measured data and had good generalization ability. The developed neural network was presented in the form of mathematical function. This article presents examples of the use of this function to calculate added wave resistance. Functions presented here could have practical application in ship resistance analysis at the preliminary design stage.

ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. The prediction of ship added resistance at the preliminary design stage by the use of an artificial neural network. Ocean Engineering 2019, 195, 106657 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. The prediction of ship added resistance at the preliminary design stage by the use of an artificial neural network. Ocean Engineering. 2019; 195 ():106657.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2019. "The prediction of ship added resistance at the preliminary design stage by the use of an artificial neural network." Ocean Engineering 195, no. : 106657.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2019 in Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering
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Nowadays, when we try to automatize all activities, there is a growing demand for energy in all forms. Increasingly we reach for new energy sources that can be problematic to store or to transport, owing to their toxicity or explosive propensity. The article examines the issues of determining danger zones occurring as a result of liquefied natural gas (LNG) release. The range of danger zones caused through LNG release depends on a multitude of factors. The basic parameter that needs to be considered is a type of the released substance as well as the manner of its release. The range of a danger zone is determined by, inter alia, the concentration of a released substance and the atmospheric conditions existing at the time when depressurization occurs. The article analyses the problem of the range of danger zones in a function of wind speed and surface roughness with a defined value of Pasquill stability for various LNG types, starting with pure methane, and ending with the so-called LNG-heavy. The difficulty of the task becomes more complicated when the analysed surface over which a depressurization incident takes place involves water. The problem deepens even further when the analysed substance possesses explosive properties. Then, apart from regular substance concentration, upper and lower flammability limit ought to be considered. Calculations were conducted with DNV-Phast software, version 7.11.

ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski; Andrzej Drozd. Computational equation discovery of relationships between container ship fuel consumption and hull and propeller fouling phenomena. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 2019, 2, 24 -30.

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski, Andrzej Drozd. Computational equation discovery of relationships between container ship fuel consumption and hull and propeller fouling phenomena. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering. 2019; 2 (1):24-30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski; Andrzej Drozd. 2019. "Computational equation discovery of relationships between container ship fuel consumption and hull and propeller fouling phenomena." Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering 2, no. 1: 24-30.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2019 in Polish Maritime Research
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This article presents regression formulas for the preliminary design of tankers, bulk carriers and container vessels, based on the data of ships built from 2000 to 2018. The formulas could have practical application for the estimation of total engine power by using ship’s deadweight or TEU capacity and speed. The regressions presented in this article are based on the most recent data and were developed for individual sub-types of tankers, bulk carriers and container ships. The presented regressions comply with trends found in the literature and offer greater accuracy for characteristics of new-built ships.

ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Regression Formulas for The Estimation of Engine Total Power for Tankers, Container Ships and Bulk Carriers on The Basis of Cargo Capacity and Design Speed. Polish Maritime Research 2019, 26, 82 -94.

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Regression Formulas for The Estimation of Engine Total Power for Tankers, Container Ships and Bulk Carriers on The Basis of Cargo Capacity and Design Speed. Polish Maritime Research. 2019; 26 (1):82-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2019. "Regression Formulas for The Estimation of Engine Total Power for Tankers, Container Ships and Bulk Carriers on The Basis of Cargo Capacity and Design Speed." Polish Maritime Research 26, no. 1: 82-94.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in New Trends in Production Engineering
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The paper presents regression formulas that allow us to estimate the final price of new container ships, based on TEU and deadweight capacity, service speed, length between perpendiculars and gross tonnage of container ships built from 2005 to 2015. The formulas were developed using the author’s own method based on curve fitting techniques and regression methods. The study shows that utilising the author’s method to predict the final price could offer greater accuracy solutions than any standard methods presented in literature. This method was implemented properly with ndCurveMaster curve fitting software which was developed by the author and was applied to develop regression equations presented in the article. The formulas presented in the article have practical application for estimation of container ship final price needed in transport studies or preliminary parametric container ship design. These equations refer to the most up to date vessels and offer the chance to advance ship design theory.

ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. An Estimation of the Final Price of Container Ships Based on Main Ship Parameters with the Use of ndCurveMaster Curve Fitting Software. New Trends in Production Engineering 2018, 1, 365 -370.

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. An Estimation of the Final Price of Container Ships Based on Main Ship Parameters with the Use of ndCurveMaster Curve Fitting Software. New Trends in Production Engineering. 2018; 1 (1):365-370.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2018. "An Estimation of the Final Price of Container Ships Based on Main Ship Parameters with the Use of ndCurveMaster Curve Fitting Software." New Trends in Production Engineering 1, no. 1: 365-370.

Journal article
Published: 18 July 2018 in Ships and Offshore Structures
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This article presents design formulas for the preliminary design of tankers built from 2000 to 2018. These formulas could have practical application for the estimation of main tanker dimensions, such as: length between perpendiculars, breadth and draught moulded. All equations presented in this paper have been developed in relation to deadweight and velocity using a regression method. These kinds of relationships have not been demonstrated before in ship theory. The equations presented in the literature are only based on deadweight capacity and do not take design velocity into account. The regressions presented in this article were developed for individual tanker subtypes, such as: Handysize, Medium Range, Panamax, Post Panamax, Aframax, Suezmax and VLCC. The number of equations presented in this article may be used to extend design formulas published by other authors.

ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Determination of regression formulas for main tanker dimensions at the preliminary design stage. Ships and Offshore Structures 2018, 14, 320 -330.

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Determination of regression formulas for main tanker dimensions at the preliminary design stage. Ships and Offshore Structures. 2018; 14 (3):320-330.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2018. "Determination of regression formulas for main tanker dimensions at the preliminary design stage." Ships and Offshore Structures 14, no. 3: 320-330.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Management Systems in Production Engineering
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The paper presents mathematical relationships that allow us to forecast the estimated main engine power of new container ships, based on data concerning vessels built in 2005-2015. The presented approximations allow us to estimate the engine power based on the length between perpendiculars and the number of containers the ship will carry. The approximations were developed using simple linear regression and multivariate linear regression analysis. The presented relations have practical application for estimation of container ship engine power needed in preliminary parametric design of the ship. It follows from the above that the use of multiple linear regression to predict the main engine power of a container ship brings more accurate solutions than simple linear regression.

ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Prediction of the Main Engine Power of a New Container Ship at the Preliminary Design Stage. Management Systems in Production Engineering 2017, 25, 97 -99.

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Prediction of the Main Engine Power of a New Container Ship at the Preliminary Design Stage. Management Systems in Production Engineering. 2017; 25 (2):97-99.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2017. "Prediction of the Main Engine Power of a New Container Ship at the Preliminary Design Stage." Management Systems in Production Engineering 25, no. 2: 97-99.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in Management Systems in Production Engineering
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The paper presents mathematical relationships that allow us to forecast the newbuilding price of new bulk carriers, based on data concerning vessels built in 2005-2015. The presented approximations allow us to estimate the price based on a gross tonnage capacity and a main engine power The approximations were developed using linear regression and the theory of artificial neural networks. The presented relations have practical application for estimation of bulk carrier newbuilding price needed in preliminary parametric design of the ship. It follows from the above that the use of artificial neural networks to predict the price of a bulk carrier brings more accurate solutions than linear regression.

ACS Style

Żaneta Cepowska; Tomasz Cepowski. Prediction of a Newbuilding Proce of the Bulk Carriers based on Gross Tonnage GT and Main Engine Power. Management Systems in Production Engineering 2017, 25, 42 -45.

AMA Style

Żaneta Cepowska, Tomasz Cepowski. Prediction of a Newbuilding Proce of the Bulk Carriers based on Gross Tonnage GT and Main Engine Power. Management Systems in Production Engineering. 2017; 25 (1):42-45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Żaneta Cepowska; Tomasz Cepowski. 2017. "Prediction of a Newbuilding Proce of the Bulk Carriers based on Gross Tonnage GT and Main Engine Power." Management Systems in Production Engineering 25, no. 1: 42-45.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Polish Maritime Research
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The article presents the mathematical function to calculate the added wave resistance transfer function for bulk carriers. Based on this function, the statistical mean added wave resistance generated by an irregular head wave with arbitrary statistical parameters can be forecasted. The input parameters are: waterplane area, waterplane coefficient, ship speed, and frequency of the regular wave. The model has been developed based on the theory of artificial neural networks. The presented function can be used in design analyses, and for planning shipping routes in situations when basic geometrical parameters of the hull are only available and not the full technical documentation. The article presents sample cases of use of this function to calculate the added wave resistance transfer function and the statistical mean added wave resistance. Another presented application refers to waterplane coefficient optimisation taking into account the added wave resistance at the stage of preliminary bulk carrier design.

ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Approximating the Added Resistance Coefficient for a Bulk Carrier Sailing in Head Sea Conditions Based on its Geometrical Parameters and Speed. Polish Maritime Research 2016, 23, 8 -15.

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Approximating the Added Resistance Coefficient for a Bulk Carrier Sailing in Head Sea Conditions Based on its Geometrical Parameters and Speed. Polish Maritime Research. 2016; 23 (4):8-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2016. "Approximating the Added Resistance Coefficient for a Bulk Carrier Sailing in Head Sea Conditions Based on its Geometrical Parameters and Speed." Polish Maritime Research 23, no. 4: 8-15.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2012 in Archives of Transport
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ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Approximation of Added Resistance in Waves Based on Ro-Ro Ferry Main Dimensions and Wave Parameters. Archives of Transport 2012, 23, 1 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Approximation of Added Resistance in Waves Based on Ro-Ro Ferry Main Dimensions and Wave Parameters. Archives of Transport. 2012; 23 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2012. "Approximation of Added Resistance in Waves Based on Ro-Ro Ferry Main Dimensions and Wave Parameters." Archives of Transport 23, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2011 in Polish Maritime Research
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ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Modelling of seakeeping qualities of open-top container carriers in the preliminary design phase. Polish Maritime Research 2011, 18, 1 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Modelling of seakeeping qualities of open-top container carriers in the preliminary design phase. Polish Maritime Research. 2011; 18 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2011. "Modelling of seakeeping qualities of open-top container carriers in the preliminary design phase." Polish Maritime Research 18, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2010 in Polish Maritime Research
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ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. The modeling of seakeeping qualities of Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) sea-going ships in preliminary design stage. Polish Maritime Research 2010, 17, 1 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. The modeling of seakeeping qualities of Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) sea-going ships in preliminary design stage. Polish Maritime Research. 2010; 17 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2010. "The modeling of seakeeping qualities of Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) sea-going ships in preliminary design stage." Polish Maritime Research 17, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2010 in Polish Maritime Research
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ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Influence analysis of changes of design parameters of passenger-car ferries on their selected sea-keeping qualities. Polish Maritime Research 2010, 17, 1 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Influence analysis of changes of design parameters of passenger-car ferries on their selected sea-keeping qualities. Polish Maritime Research. 2010; 17 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2010. "Influence analysis of changes of design parameters of passenger-car ferries on their selected sea-keeping qualities." Polish Maritime Research 17, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2009 in Polish Maritime Research
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On the modeling of car passenger ferryship design parameters with respect to selected sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves This paper presents the modeling of car passenger ferryship design parameters with respect to such design criteria as selected sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves. In the first part of the investigations approximations of selected statistical parameters of design criteria of ferryship were elaborated with respect to ship design parameters. The approximation functions were obtained with the use of artificial neural networks. In the second part of the investigations design solutions were searched for by applying the singleand multi-criterial optimization methods. The multi-criterial optimization was performed by using Pareto method. Such approach made it possible to present solutions in such form as to allow decision makers (shipowner, designer) to select solutions the most favourable in each individual case.

ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. On the modeling of car passenger ferryship design parameters with respect to selected sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves. Polish Maritime Research 2009, 16, 3 -10.

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. On the modeling of car passenger ferryship design parameters with respect to selected sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves. Polish Maritime Research. 2009; 16 (3):3-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2009. "On the modeling of car passenger ferryship design parameters with respect to selected sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves." Polish Maritime Research 16, no. 3: 3-10.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2009 in Polish Maritime Research
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Modelling of green water ingress into holds of an open-top containership in its preliminary design phase In this paper a method is presented of modelling the green water ingress into holds of open-top containership, which can be useful in the preliminary ship design phase. As a result of the research a mathematical formula which makes it possible to determine a minimum freeboard height with a view of as- low- as- possible occurrence rate of green water ingress into holds at given ship design parameters, was obtained. The research was carried out under assumption of constant ship hull dimensions. The design formula was elaborated by using a method based on a goal-oriented conceptual approach to formulation of design criteria, proposed by IMO. On the basis of the concept a deterministic scenario describing operational conditions of the ship in question, was assumed, and for the conditions the research was performed.

ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Modelling of green water ingress into holds of an open-top containership in its preliminary design phase. Polish Maritime Research 2009, 16, 3 -7.

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Modelling of green water ingress into holds of an open-top containership in its preliminary design phase. Polish Maritime Research. 2009; 16 (1):3-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2009. "Modelling of green water ingress into holds of an open-top containership in its preliminary design phase." Polish Maritime Research 16, no. 1: 3-7.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2008 in Polish Maritime Research
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ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Determination of optimum hull form for passenger car ferry with regard to its sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves. Polish Maritime Research 2008, 15, 1 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Determination of optimum hull form for passenger car ferry with regard to its sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves. Polish Maritime Research. 2008; 15 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2008. "Determination of optimum hull form for passenger car ferry with regard to its sea-keeping qualities and additional resistance in waves." Polish Maritime Research 15, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2007 in Polish Maritime Research
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Application of artificial neural networks to approximation and identification of sea-keeping performance of a bulk carrier in ballast loading condition This paper presents an application of artificial neural networks to approximation and identification of additional wave-generated resistance, slamming and internal forces depending on ship motion and wave parameters. The analysis was performed for a typical bulk carrier in ballast loading conditions. The investigations were carried out on the basis of ship response data calculated by means of exact numerical methods. Analytical functions presented in the form of artificial neural networks were analyzed with a view of their accuracy against standard values. Possible ways of application of the artificial neural networks were examined from the point of view of accuracy of approximation and identification of the assumed ship response parameters.

ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Application of artificial neural networks to approximation and identification of sea-keeping performance of a bulk carrier in ballast loading condition. Polish Maritime Research 2007, 14, 31 -39.

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Application of artificial neural networks to approximation and identification of sea-keeping performance of a bulk carrier in ballast loading condition. Polish Maritime Research. 2007; 14 (4):31-39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2007. "Application of artificial neural networks to approximation and identification of sea-keeping performance of a bulk carrier in ballast loading condition." Polish Maritime Research 14, no. 4: 31-39.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2007 in Polish Maritime Research
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Approximation of the index for assessing ship sea-keeping performance on the basis of ship design parameters This paper presents a new approach which makes it possible to take into account seakeeping qualities of ship in the preliminary stage of its design. The presented concept is based on representing ship's behaviour in waves by means of the so called operational effectiveness index. Presented values of the index were calculated for a broad range of design parameters. On this basis were elaborated analytical functions which approximate the index depending on ship design parameters. Also, example approximations of the index calculated by using artificial neural networks, are attached. The presented approach may find application to ship preliminary design problems as well as in ship service stage to assess sea-keeping performance of a ship before its departure to sea.

ACS Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Approximation of the index for assessing ship sea-keeping performance on the basis of ship design parameters. Polish Maritime Research 2007, 14, 21 -26.

AMA Style

Tomasz Cepowski. Approximation of the index for assessing ship sea-keeping performance on the basis of ship design parameters. Polish Maritime Research. 2007; 14 (3):21-26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Cepowski. 2007. "Approximation of the index for assessing ship sea-keeping performance on the basis of ship design parameters." Polish Maritime Research 14, no. 3: 21-26.

Conference paper
Published: 31 August 2021
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ACS Style

Tomasz Abramowski; Tomasz Cepowski. Preliminary Design Considerations for a Ship to Mine Polymetallic Nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Tomasz Abramowski, Tomasz Cepowski. Preliminary Design Considerations for a Ship to Mine Polymetallic Nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tomasz Abramowski; Tomasz Cepowski. 2021. "Preliminary Design Considerations for a Ship to Mine Polymetallic Nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone." , no. : 1.