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Richard Magdalena Stephan
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto Alberto Luiz Coimbra de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa de Engenharia, 207302 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 21941-972

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Journal article
Published: 14 June 2021 in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
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Magnetic levitation vehicles are means of transport that move without touching the ground by the action of magnetic forces. The electrodynamic levitation technique uses the repulsive forces that arise from the interaction between any variable magnetic field and a good electrical conductor. This work aims to organize in a didactic manner the main topics involving electrodynamic suspension applied to Maglev vehicles, thus contributing to the understanding of the technique.

ACS Style

Thais Nascimento Franca; Hongfu Shi; Zigang Deng; Richard Magdalena Stephan. Overview of Electrodynamic Levitation Technique Applied to Maglev Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 2021, 31, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Thais Nascimento Franca, Hongfu Shi, Zigang Deng, Richard Magdalena Stephan. Overview of Electrodynamic Levitation Technique Applied to Maglev Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2021; 31 (8):1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thais Nascimento Franca; Hongfu Shi; Zigang Deng; Richard Magdalena Stephan. 2021. "Overview of Electrodynamic Levitation Technique Applied to Maglev Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 31, no. 8: 1-5.

Journal article
Published: 09 September 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
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This paper presents the design and innovative test of a Linear Induction Motor (LIM) to be used in the urban Superconducting Magnetic Levitated (SML) vehicle, named MagLev-Cobra. This levitation method, based on the flux pinning property of High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS) in the proximity of rare-earth permanent magnets, has constraints related with the lifting forces. This issue is even more critical as there is no control of the levitation gap, which changes according to the load. The motor design is based on analytical equations and computational simulations by Finite Element Methods (FEM). An innovative workbench for tests was developed to measure values of interest, such as end effects, forces, electrical currents, magnetic flux densities, and others. Numerical and experimental results support the desired performance of the proposed LIM.

ACS Style

Roberto Andre Henrique de Oliveira; Richard Magdalena Stephan; Antonio Carlos Ferreira; Joao Murta-Pina. Design and Innovative Test of a Linear Induction Motor for Urban MagLev Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2020, 56, 6949 -6956.

AMA Style

Roberto Andre Henrique de Oliveira, Richard Magdalena Stephan, Antonio Carlos Ferreira, Joao Murta-Pina. Design and Innovative Test of a Linear Induction Motor for Urban MagLev Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 2020; 56 (6):6949-6956.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto Andre Henrique de Oliveira; Richard Magdalena Stephan; Antonio Carlos Ferreira; Joao Murta-Pina. 2020. "Design and Innovative Test of a Linear Induction Motor for Urban MagLev Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 56, no. 6: 6949-6956.

Journal article
Published: 11 June 2020 in Electronics
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The role of transport in sustainable development was first recognized at the 1992 United Nations (UN) Earth Summit and reinforced in its outcome document—Agenda 21. It is also part of objective 11 of UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The improvements in the traditional methods of transportation lag behind the necessities. This paper shows that Magnetic Levitation (MagLev) can fulfill the demand and fits with smart grid concepts. Moreover, the levitation method based on the diamagnetic property of high-temperature superconductors in the proximity of rare-earth permanent magnets presents advantages in comparison with other levitation methods. This technological solution was tested with the operation of a real scale prototype inside the campus of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), operating since 2014. The paper presents a historical and technological overview of the steps necessary to turn this prototype into a commercial product. The development is framed within NASA’s Technological Readiness Levels (TRL). A new transportation paradigm is on the verge of becoming a reality.

ACS Style

Richard M. Stephan; Jr. Amaro O. Pereira. The Vital Contribution of MagLev Vehicles for the Mobility in Smart Cities. Electronics 2020, 9, 978 .

AMA Style

Richard M. Stephan, Jr. Amaro O. Pereira. The Vital Contribution of MagLev Vehicles for the Mobility in Smart Cities. Electronics. 2020; 9 (6):978.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard M. Stephan; Jr. Amaro O. Pereira. 2020. "The Vital Contribution of MagLev Vehicles for the Mobility in Smart Cities." Electronics 9, no. 6: 978.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2020 in International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics
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ACS Style

Elkin Rodriguez; Felipe Costa; Richard Stephan. Vibration analysis of a superconducting magnetic bearing under different temperatures. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 2020, 63, 119 -131.

AMA Style

Elkin Rodriguez, Felipe Costa, Richard Stephan. Vibration analysis of a superconducting magnetic bearing under different temperatures. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. 2020; 63 (1):119-131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elkin Rodriguez; Felipe Costa; Richard Stephan. 2020. "Vibration analysis of a superconducting magnetic bearing under different temperatures." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 63, no. 1: 119-131.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2020 in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
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The normal force that exists between primary and secondary of a linear motor plays an important role in Magnetically Levitated (MagLev) trains. In the particular case of the Superconducting Magnetic Levitation (SML) method, based on the diamagnetic property of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) in the proximity of rare-earth permanent magnets, this issue is even more critical, as there is no control of the levitation gap, which changes according to the load. In this paper, the previous experience of traction systems of MagLev trains in commercial operation serves as a background for the study and will be reviewed. The experience of other SML projects will also be considered to reach the proposed topology, similarly to the process of genetic evolution. The proposed solution for the normal force issue consists of a Linear Induction Motor (LIM) optimized for an urban SML vehicle. Analytical equations and simulations with the finite element method (FEM) are presented. An innovative workbench for velocity tests was developed to measure the parameters of interest. Simulation and experimental results confirm the improved performance of the proposed LIM. The final results with the short primary linear induction motor, designed and tested, showed excellent results. The LIM can be qualified as 3 times low: low-cost solution, for low-speed SML vehicles and with low-normal force amplitudes.

ACS Style

Roberto Andre Henrique De Oliveira; Richard Magdalena Stephan; Antonio Carlos Ferreira. Optimized Linear Motor for Urban Superconducting Magnetic Levitation Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 2020, 30, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Roberto Andre Henrique De Oliveira, Richard Magdalena Stephan, Antonio Carlos Ferreira. Optimized Linear Motor for Urban Superconducting Magnetic Levitation Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2020; 30 (5):1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto Andre Henrique De Oliveira; Richard Magdalena Stephan; Antonio Carlos Ferreira. 2020. "Optimized Linear Motor for Urban Superconducting Magnetic Levitation Vehicles." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 30, no. 5: 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2019 in Transportation Systems and Technology
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This paper will present the ACV working principle and a review of the past research developments of high-speed ACV trains and their efforts in countries like, Brazil, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, and United States, and the low-speed ACV trains, revealing why the former did not match the expectations and failed, while the latter have been prospered and purchase a well-established market niche in short distance paths. Finally, this study will promote a direct comparison between the two technologies, ACV and MagLev, with advantages and disadvantages of each one. The ACV development will bring important insights to the research of MagLev trains from a technical and economic perspective, learning with errors of the ACV, that did not enable any high-speed projects to flourish, and, on other hand, the comparative success of the urban ACV, as a complete commercial solution, like the MagLev trains.

ACS Style

Hugo Pelle Ferreira; Richard Magdalena Stephan. Air Cushion Vehicle (ACV): History Development and Maglev Comparison. Transportation Systems and Technology 2019, 5, 5 -25.

AMA Style

Hugo Pelle Ferreira, Richard Magdalena Stephan. Air Cushion Vehicle (ACV): History Development and Maglev Comparison. Transportation Systems and Technology. 2019; 5 (1):5-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hugo Pelle Ferreira; Richard Magdalena Stephan. 2019. "Air Cushion Vehicle (ACV): History Development and Maglev Comparison." Transportation Systems and Technology 5, no. 1: 5-25.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2018 in Transportation Systems and Technology
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Background: In Superconducting Magnetic Levitation (SML) transportation systems, such as the MagLev-Cobra prototype, the levitation force plays an important role, both for efficiency and safety reasons. Aim: Determination of the maximum load on the magnetic suspension. Methods: To determine how much load the magnetic suspension system supports, numerical simulations, based on computational models, and laboratory experimental tests are normally used. The most commonly way for characterization of a SML bearing is the measurement of the levitation force as a function of distance between a Superconductor (YBCO) [1, 2] and a Permanent Magnet Guideway (PMG). The measurement of levitation as a function of distance, the banana curve, has a hysteretic behavior with the results depending of the history of measurement: whether the distance between the superconductor and the PMG is decreasing the force is higher than when the distance is increasing, the force is higher with faster movements and so on. A different approach of levitation force test will be proposed as an alternative to the hysteresis curve. This method, applied to characterize the levitation dynamics of the Maglev-Cobra vehicle, provided more reliable and consistent data with the levitation dynamics observed during the operation of the real scale prototype in the transportation of passengers. The bench-top levitation test emulates the behavior of the vehicle along its operation, regardless of the position history between the magnets and the superconductor materials. The test consists in placing the superconductor, refrigerated inside cryostats, in a predetermined Field Cooling (FC) position, and slowly move the cryostat above the PMG to a lower high, for example 15 mm, and wait 10 minutes. After that, the high is decreased 1 mm and again hold there for 10 minutes. The procedure is repeated until a high of 10 mm is reached. The hole process is repeated at least 5 times. This routine replicates the load condition during the vehicle operation when passengers board the train and the load stay constant until the end of the journey. After that, another group of passengers takes place inside the vehicle and is carried to the next station. This kind of test shows the creep of the levitation force over time with slow dynamics and gives the average load over height of levitation along the given time of operation, helping engineers to predict the load capacity of the vehicle and design a more reliable layout. Results: Three FC positions were investigated. The position currently used by the MagLev-Cobra (35 mm) and other 2 positions (45 mm and 55 mm) of initial height between the superconductor and the permanent magnet guideway. Conclusion: All these results contribute to an improvement in the criticality index and a safe application of this system on transportation of persons.

ACS Style

Felipe Costa; Rubens De Andrade; Richard Stephan. Characterization of levitation force for a superconducting magnetic levitation vehicle. Transportation Systems and Technology 2018, 4, 124 -133.

AMA Style

Felipe Costa, Rubens De Andrade, Richard Stephan. Characterization of levitation force for a superconducting magnetic levitation vehicle. Transportation Systems and Technology. 2018; 4 (3 suppl. 1):124-133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Felipe Costa; Rubens De Andrade; Richard Stephan. 2018. "Characterization of levitation force for a superconducting magnetic levitation vehicle." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 3 suppl. 1: 124-133.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2018 in Transportation Systems and Technology
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A review of the Superconducting Magnetic Levitation (SML) technology applied to urban transportation will be presented. The historical time line will be highlighted, pointing out the pioneering efforts at Southwest Jiatong University (SWJTU), China, followed by the Supra Trans project in IFW-Dresden, Germany, and the MagLev-Cobra project in UFRJ, Brazil. Background: Details of the MagLev-Cobra project, the first, and until today the single one, applying the SML technology that counts with a real scale prototype, operating regularly in open air, will be disclosed. The inauguration of the MagLev-Cobra project was on the 1st October 2014, the last day of the “22nd International Conference on Magnetically Levitated Systems and Linear Drives (MAGLEV)” held in Rio de Janeiro. Curiously, this day coincides with the 50th anniversary of the successful operation of the Shinkansen in Tokyo. On the 1st October 1964, the first high-speed wheel and rail train in the world was inaugurated in time for the first Olympic Games that took place in Asia. This historical coincidence is a good omen for the MagLev-Cobra project. In fact, since October 2014, the system operates regularly for demonstration at the UFRJ Campus, every Tuesday. More than 12.000 visitors have already had the opportunity to take a test ride. Aim: The Proceedings of the MAGLEV conferences, which first edition dates back to 1977 (http://www.maglevboard.net), are the documentary files of the importance of this achievement. Initially, the methods named Electromagnetic Levitation (EML) and Electrodynamic Levitation (EDL) were considered. Methods: At the end of last century, due to the availability of Rare Earth Permanent Magnets and High Critical Temperature Superconductors (HTS), an innovative levitation method, called Superconducting Magnetic Levitation (SML), started to be considered. This method is based on the flux pinning effect property of HTS in the proximity of magnetic fields given by rare earth permanent magnets. The first experiments with SML, as expected, were small scale prototypes, or laboratory vehicles for one, two or four passengers, proposed mainly by researchers from Germany, China and Brazil. The Proceedings of the 16th MAGLEV, held in year 2000, confirms this fact. After 14 years of research and development, the team of the Laboratory of Applied Superconductivity (LASUP) of UFRJ achieved the construction of the first real scale operational SML vehicle in the world. Results: This retrospective will be followed by a comparison with the EML technology, that has already four urban commercial systems, will be presented and the application niches delimited. Conclusion: The perspectives of the MagLev-Cobra project and the cooperation efforts with China to turn it a commercial experience will finish the paper. As will be explained, before the commercial application of the MagLev-Cobra technology, the system must be certified and the technical, economic and environmental...

ACS Style

Richard Stephan; Felipe Costa; Elkin Rodriguez; Zigang Deng. Retrospective and perspectives of the superconducting magnetic levitation (sml) technology applied to urban transportation. Transportation Systems and Technology 2018, 4, 195 -202.

AMA Style

Richard Stephan, Felipe Costa, Elkin Rodriguez, Zigang Deng. Retrospective and perspectives of the superconducting magnetic levitation (sml) technology applied to urban transportation. Transportation Systems and Technology. 2018; 4 (3 suppl. 1):195-202.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard Stephan; Felipe Costa; Elkin Rodriguez; Zigang Deng. 2018. "Retrospective and perspectives of the superconducting magnetic levitation (sml) technology applied to urban transportation." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 3 suppl. 1: 195-202.

Chapter
Published: 15 May 2018 in World Sustainability Series
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In 2009, the general development plan for the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Plano Diretor UFRJ 2020 in Portuguese) was approved for the period between 2009 and 2020. A significant effort was made to incorporate in-house innovative solutions as much as possible. Such strategy was supposed to (1) directly benefit the University with solutions created within its own research programs; (2) serve as a privileged showroom of its potential contributions to the community; and (3) pioneer applications that may be adopted in urban areas in the near future. UFRJ’s main campus is located in an island, with an area of circa 5.2 km2, 5 km in length and 1 km in width. Its daily population is estimated in 60,000 persons, including students, faculty, technical, administrative and support workers, and visitors. More than 25,000 vehicles circulate every day along its main avenues. Besides the university buildings and installations, 15 other research centres are also located in the campus. These features provide the ideal conditions for UFRJ’s main campus to become a lively and efficient laboratory of a smart city of the future. The synergy generated by the interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary knowledge can be maximised by turning the Plano Diretor UFRJ 2020 into reality. Based on such premises, an occupation plan was conceived. The main idea was to transform the University Campus in part of the city creating urban spaces, integrating internal disciplinary areas and the University with the urban fabric nearly. Unfortunately, due to recent political unrest and a deep economic crisis that currently plague Brazil, the implementation of a significant part of the plan has been postponed. Nevertheless, the internal mobility project, featuring a Magnetically Levitated (MagLev) vehicle is going forward. This paper describes the development of the project, known as MagLev-Cobra, since the proof of its concept in the year of 2000, until its final implementation, due to 2020. The frame of technology development, established by NASA and known as Technological Readiness Levels (TRL’s), will be used as reference. The cooperation between various university departments and companies, some of them spin-off incubated companies, will be stressed, as an example of the positive impacts from cooperative work in research, teaching, innovation and technological development.

ACS Style

Richard M. Stephan; Carlos Levi; Pablo Benetti. UFRJ Campus: A City of Innovative Mobility. World Sustainability Series 2018, 371 -384.

AMA Style

Richard M. Stephan, Carlos Levi, Pablo Benetti. UFRJ Campus: A City of Innovative Mobility. World Sustainability Series. 2018; ():371-384.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard M. Stephan; Carlos Levi; Pablo Benetti. 2018. "UFRJ Campus: A City of Innovative Mobility." World Sustainability Series , no. : 371-384.

Conference paper
Published: 01 November 2017 in 2017 Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP)
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This paper presents the design of position and current controllers for an electromagnetic levitation platform. The system will be linearized and modelled. A PID controller for the position (gap levitation and roll) and a PI controller for the current will be designed. Simulation results will be presented for the following input signals: a step reference and a sinusoidal reference. Some experimental results will also be presented.

ACS Style

Alan D. De M. Endalecio; Paulo H. S. Pinto; Hugo P. Ferreira; Afonso C. Del Nero Gomes; Richard M. Stephan. Position and current controller design for an electromagnetic levitation platform. 2017 Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP) 2017, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Alan D. De M. Endalecio, Paulo H. S. Pinto, Hugo P. Ferreira, Afonso C. Del Nero Gomes, Richard M. Stephan. Position and current controller design for an electromagnetic levitation platform. 2017 Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP). 2017; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alan D. De M. Endalecio; Paulo H. S. Pinto; Hugo P. Ferreira; Afonso C. Del Nero Gomes; Richard M. Stephan. 2017. "Position and current controller design for an electromagnetic levitation platform." 2017 Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 November 2017 in 2017 Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP)
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This paper presents a steady state analysis of a Brushless Cascaded Doubly-fed Induction Machine (BCDIM) in positive and negative phase sequence connection. Additionally, a torque × speed characteristic curve is proposed, analyzed and compared with results obtained from a dynamic modeling simulation. This study is carried out for the particular condition of opened and shot-circuited auxiliary input. This result will allow the application of the BCDIM as an electrical generator for wind power energy conversion.

ACS Style

Ryan C. De O. Berriel; Richard M. Stephan; Ivan E. Chabu; António C. Ferreira. Brushless cascaded doubly-fed induction machine: Modeling and simulation. 2017 Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP) 2017, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Ryan C. De O. Berriel, Richard M. Stephan, Ivan E. Chabu, António C. Ferreira. Brushless cascaded doubly-fed induction machine: Modeling and simulation. 2017 Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP). 2017; ():1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ryan C. De O. Berriel; Richard M. Stephan; Ivan E. Chabu; António C. Ferreira. 2017. "Brushless cascaded doubly-fed induction machine: Modeling and simulation." 2017 Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP) , no. : 1-5.

Reference entry
Published: 15 February 2017 in Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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This article describes the construction and operation of superconducting magnetically levitated vehicles applied to urban transportation. The technology was tested with a full-scale prototype named MagLev-Cobra. Comparisons with wheel and rail technology, high-speed MagLev and other MagLev technologies are presented and application niches identified. The steps for commercialization are also addressed.Keywords:linear traction;magnetic levitation;superconductivity;urban transportation

ACS Style

Richard M. Stephan; Rubens de Andrade; Antonio C. Ferreira; Guilherme G. Sotelo. Superconducting Levitation Applied To Urban Transportation. Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 2017, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Richard M. Stephan, Rubens de Andrade, Antonio C. Ferreira, Guilherme G. Sotelo. Superconducting Levitation Applied To Urban Transportation. Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. 2017; ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard M. Stephan; Rubens de Andrade; Antonio C. Ferreira; Guilherme G. Sotelo. 2017. "Superconducting Levitation Applied To Urban Transportation." Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering , no. : 1-18.

Journal article
Published: 12 August 2016 in Superconductor Science and Technology
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This paper describes the design and experimental test of a passive magnetic bearing system composed by a superconductor magnetic bearing (SMB) and a permanent magnet bearing (PMB). This bearing setup is part of a flywheel energy storage system. The advantage of using a passive bearing system is that it offers low friction without the need of a magnetic bearing controller, increasing the reliability and decreasing the energy consumption. The first set of tests were quasi-static radial and axial force measurements of the PMB operating alone and together with the SMB. As the PMB is intrinsically unstable in one degree of freedom, the operation of the SMB together with the PMB is necessary to stabilize the system. After that, dynamic measurements were made for the SMB operating alone and together with the PMB. The resonant speeds were identified and the bearing radial and axial forces were also measured for the SMB and SMB + PMB operation. These results indicate that the studied bearing set is technologically feasible to be used in flywheel energy storage systems.

ACS Style

Guilherme Sotelo; E Rodriguez; F S Costa; J G Oliveira; J De Santiago; R M Stephan. Tests with a hybrid bearing for a flywheel energy storage system. Superconductor Science and Technology 2016, 29, 95016 .

AMA Style

Guilherme Sotelo, E Rodriguez, F S Costa, J G Oliveira, J De Santiago, R M Stephan. Tests with a hybrid bearing for a flywheel energy storage system. Superconductor Science and Technology. 2016; 29 (9):95016.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guilherme Sotelo; E Rodriguez; F S Costa; J G Oliveira; J De Santiago; R M Stephan. 2016. "Tests with a hybrid bearing for a flywheel energy storage system." Superconductor Science and Technology 29, no. 9: 95016.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2016 in International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics
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ACS Style

Elkin Rodriguez; Guilherme G. Sotelo; Janaína G. de Oliveira; Juan de Santiago; Morgan Rossander; Richard M. Stephan. Designing, simulations and experiments of a passive permanent magnet bearing. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 2016, 51, 131 -149.

AMA Style

Elkin Rodriguez, Guilherme G. Sotelo, Janaína G. de Oliveira, Juan de Santiago, Morgan Rossander, Richard M. Stephan. Designing, simulations and experiments of a passive permanent magnet bearing. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. 2016; 51 (2):131-149.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elkin Rodriguez; Guilherme G. Sotelo; Janaína G. de Oliveira; Juan de Santiago; Morgan Rossander; Richard M. Stephan. 2016. "Designing, simulations and experiments of a passive permanent magnet bearing." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 51, no. 2: 131-149.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2016 in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
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The Brazilian project MagLev-Cobra proposes a superconducting levitation vehicle for urban transportation in highly populated cities. The levitation technology is based on the diamagnetic behavior and flux pinning property of Y-Ba-Cu-O blocks in the proximity of the magnetic field of Nd-Fe-B magnets. The traction is given by a short primary linear induction motor. In previous editions of EUCAS conference, laboratory tests were presented to validate the levitation method and vehicle design. In this paper, recent operational results of the MagLev-Cobra traveling along an outdoor 200-m test facility constructed in the university campus will be reported. The full-scale vehicle is composed of four modules, interconnected by mechanical links. The transportation capacity is equivalent to 5 passengers/m 2 , a limit of transportation comfort and quality. Acceleration, braking, and also cruising speed conditions were analyzed. A data acquisition system monitored the levitation gap and other parameters along the track. This effort is an important step to certificate the operational safety, an indispensable condition before industrialization and commercialization.

ACS Style

L. S. Mattos; E. Rodriguez; Felipe Costa; Guilherme Sotelo; R. De Andrade; Richard Stephan. MagLev-Cobra Operational Tests. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 2016, 26, 1 -4.

AMA Style

L. S. Mattos, E. Rodriguez, Felipe Costa, Guilherme Sotelo, R. De Andrade, Richard Stephan. MagLev-Cobra Operational Tests. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 2016; 26 (3):1-4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. S. Mattos; E. Rodriguez; Felipe Costa; Guilherme Sotelo; R. De Andrade; Richard Stephan. 2016. "MagLev-Cobra Operational Tests." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 26, no. 3: 1-4.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física
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Neste trabalho apresentam-se as principais características do Projeto MagLev Cobra desenvolvido atualmente na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Faz-se uma retrospectiva das técnicas de levitação magnética, destacando-se as vantagens da proposta aqui apresentada, comparativamente ao sistema roda-trilho e os VLT's (Veículos Leves sobre Trilhos). Apresenta-se a história do desenvolvimento do projeto. Detalhes técnicos, como a linha de imãs permanentes, os criostatos com supercondutores, o motor linear de tração, são discutidos. Finaliza-se destacando a sustentabilidade do projeto, tendo em vista seu impacto econômico, social e ambiental.

ACS Style

Wescley T. B. De Sousa; Richard M. Stephan; Felipe S. Costa; Elkin F. Rodriguez; Flávio G. R. Martins; Roberto A. H. De Oliveira; Rubens De Andrade Jr.. Projeto MagLev Cobra - Levitação Supercondutora para Transporte Urbano. Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física 2016, 38, 1 .

AMA Style

Wescley T. B. De Sousa, Richard M. Stephan, Felipe S. Costa, Elkin F. Rodriguez, Flávio G. R. Martins, Roberto A. H. De Oliveira, Rubens De Andrade Jr.. Projeto MagLev Cobra - Levitação Supercondutora para Transporte Urbano. Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física. 2016; 38 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wescley T. B. De Sousa; Richard M. Stephan; Felipe S. Costa; Elkin F. Rodriguez; Flávio G. R. Martins; Roberto A. H. De Oliveira; Rubens De Andrade Jr.. 2016. "Projeto MagLev Cobra - Levitação Supercondutora para Transporte Urbano." Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física 38, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 December 2015 in Transportation Systems and Technology
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This paper describes the construction and operation of a superconducting magnetically levitated vehicle applied to urban transportation. The technology was tested with a full-scale prototype named MagLev-Cobra. Comparisons with wheel and rail technology, high speed MagLev and other MagLev technologies are presented and application niches identified. The steps for commercialization will also be addressed.

ACS Style

Richard Magdalena Stephan; Rubens De Andrade Júnior; Antonio Carlos Ferreira; Felipe Santos Costa; Ocione José Machado; Stephan Richard Magdalena; De Andrade Junior Rubens; Ferreira Antonio Carlos; Costa Felipe Santos; Machado Ocione José. Maglev-cobra: an urban transportation system For highly populated cityes. Transportation Systems and Technology 2015, 1, 16 -25.

AMA Style

Richard Magdalena Stephan, Rubens De Andrade Júnior, Antonio Carlos Ferreira, Felipe Santos Costa, Ocione José Machado, Stephan Richard Magdalena, De Andrade Junior Rubens, Ferreira Antonio Carlos, Costa Felipe Santos, Machado Ocione José. Maglev-cobra: an urban transportation system For highly populated cityes. Transportation Systems and Technology. 2015; 1 (2):16-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard Magdalena Stephan; Rubens De Andrade Júnior; Antonio Carlos Ferreira; Felipe Santos Costa; Ocione José Machado; Stephan Richard Magdalena; De Andrade Junior Rubens; Ferreira Antonio Carlos; Costa Felipe Santos; Machado Ocione José. 2015. "Maglev-cobra: an urban transportation system For highly populated cityes." Transportation Systems and Technology 1, no. 2: 16-25.

Conference paper
Published: 01 November 2015 in 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC)
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Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) have many industrial applications and are also used as Wind Power generators. The brushes, required to connect the energy supply to the rotor, are the main drawback of these machines. Therefore, it is interesting to replace this generator by the so called Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Generator (BDFIG). The Cascaded Doubly Fed Induction Generator (CDFIG) can be used as a starting point in the study of the BDFIG. This paper presents a study of a variable speed wind energy conversion system based on active and reactive power control of a CDFIG with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). The vector control is divided in two parts: current control loop and power control loop. The vector control and the power flow are verified by experiments and the results indicate the advantages of using the CDFIG as a variable speed generator.

ACS Style

Carlos Henrique Silva De Vasconcelos; Antonio Carlos Ferreira; Richard Stephan. Wind turbine generator system based on Cascaded Doubly Fed Induction Generator. 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC) 2015, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Carlos Henrique Silva De Vasconcelos, Antonio Carlos Ferreira, Richard Stephan. Wind turbine generator system based on Cascaded Doubly Fed Induction Generator. 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC). 2015; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Henrique Silva De Vasconcelos; Antonio Carlos Ferreira; Richard Stephan. 2015. "Wind turbine generator system based on Cascaded Doubly Fed Induction Generator." 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 November 2015 in 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC)
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Superconducting magnetic levitation (SML) vehicles use a levitation technology based on the diamagnetic property of Y-Ba-Cu-O blocks and the magnetic field of Nd-Fe-B magnets. Brazilian SML project, MagLev-Cobra uses for the propulsion a short primary linear induction motor (LIM) with a squirrel cage secondary type. SupraTrans 2, the Germany MagLev vehicle, uses a short primary motor with secondary with copper plate and back-iron. Both motors assembly contribute to increase the levitation force. Brazilian tests with one levitating module on a 12 m track have shown a variation of the levitation height with the motor loading. In this paper, 2D - 3D finite element analysis will be used to study lateral, levitation and traction forces. Simulation and experimental results will be compared.

ACS Style

Roberto A. H. De Oliveira; Dietmar Berger; Ludwig Schultz; Richard M. Stephan; Antonio C. Ferreira. Finite element analysis of the forces developed on linear induction motors. 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC) 2015, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Roberto A. H. De Oliveira, Dietmar Berger, Ludwig Schultz, Richard M. Stephan, Antonio C. Ferreira. Finite element analysis of the forces developed on linear induction motors. 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC). 2015; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto A. H. De Oliveira; Dietmar Berger; Ludwig Schultz; Richard M. Stephan; Antonio C. Ferreira. 2015. "Finite element analysis of the forces developed on linear induction motors." 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2015 in 2015 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)
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Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) have many industrial applications and are also used as Wind Power generators. The brushes, required to connect the energy supply to the rotor, are the main drawback of these machines. Therefore there are interest in replace this generator by Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Generator (BDFIG). The Cascaded Doubly Fed Induction Generator (CDFIG) can be used as a starting point in the study of the BDFIG. This paper presents studies of the CDFIG dynamics under vector control based on the Power Machine stator flux. The vector control is divided in two parts: current control loop and power control loop. The vector control and the power flow are verified by experiments and the results indicate the viability to use the CDFIG as a variable speed generator.

ACS Style

Carlos Henrique Silva De Vasconcelos; António Carlos Ferreira; Richard Magdalena Stephan. Stator flux orientation control of the cascaded Doubly Fed Induction machine. 2015 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) 2015, 548 -553.

AMA Style

Carlos Henrique Silva De Vasconcelos, António Carlos Ferreira, Richard Magdalena Stephan. Stator flux orientation control of the cascaded Doubly Fed Induction machine. 2015 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE). 2015; ():548-553.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carlos Henrique Silva De Vasconcelos; António Carlos Ferreira; Richard Magdalena Stephan. 2015. "Stator flux orientation control of the cascaded Doubly Fed Induction machine." 2015 IEEE 24th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) , no. : 548-553.