In energy management systems in microgrids, the combined and on‐line use of optimisation and prediction rolling horizons of renewable power and demand may compromise the optimal performance. Usually, the medium‐term optimal behaviour improves with additional available convergence time, while the error in predictions worsens with a broader horizon, against the using short‐term predictions, which usually contributes to more accurate management. To address this problem, this study proposes the strategical and operational energy management system (SO‐EMS) approach, which is based on three complementary management processes: (i) strategic energy management, based on off‐line multi‐objective optimisation on a rolling horizon, (ii) asynchronous decision making, which offers the ability to incorporate multiple criteria of a microgrid operator in the selection of an optimised energy plan, and (iii) operational power management, as an on‐line proportional redistribution and redispatch process based on rules. The SO‐EMS evaluation performed on a connected microgrid shows its ability to provide optimised plans on a rolling horizon of 24‐h predictions and to adjust them to 1‐m predictions. The evaluations made of the scheme also show flexibility because it is possible to redistribute the power assignments of units that are out of service. These features empower the SO‐EMS in the broad power management of various connected microgrids.

Non-Interconnected Zones (NIZ) are a challenge for countries in terms of providing energy service coverage that is both economically and environmentally sustainable. Although some microgrid planning strategies allow for scaled-down energy solutions for these areas, a solely electrical approach does not facilitate the integration of a range of energy vectors. Considering the above, this study presents a multi-objective approach to optimally scale multi-energy systems (MES) in NIZ in Colombia to minimize both costs and pollutant emissions. The methodology is based on the MOPSO algorithm, which provides a set of optimized solutions that can be selected according to multiple criteria. The capabilities of the methodology are tested through a comparative study of microgrid planning in the Bahía Málaga area on Colombia’s Pacific coast. The results present solutions with lower costs and lower environmental impact, benefits that can be applied in other NIZ worldwide.

The introduction of renewable energy sources in microgrids increases energy reliability, especially in small communities that operate disconnected from the main power grid. A battery energy storage system (BESS) plays an important role in microgrids because it helps mitigate the problems caused by the variability of renewable energy sources, such as unattended demand and voltage instability. However, a BESS increases the cost of a microgrid due to the initial investment and maintenance, requiring a cost–benefit analysis to determine its size for each application. This paper addresses this problem by formulating a method that combines economic and technical approaches to provide favorable relations between costs and performances. Mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is used as optimization algorithm to size BESS, which is applied to an isolated community in Colombia located at Isla Múcura. The results indicate that the optimal BESS requires a maximum power of 17.6 kW and a capacity of 76.61 kWh, which is significantly smaller than the existing 480 kWh system. Thus, a reduction of 83.33% in the number of batteries is obtained. This optimized size reduces operational costs while maintaining technical reliability. The proposed method aims to solve an important problem concerning state policy and the universalization of electrical services, providing more opportunities to decision makers in minimizing the costs and efforts in the implementation of energy storage systems for isolated microgrids.

Planificación, gestión, operación y evaluación de microrredes eléctricas aisladas es el resultado de un trabajo de investigación orientado a enfrentar los retos técnicos, económicos, ambientales y sociales de las microrredes. Estos sistemas eléctricos autónomos representan una alternativa estratégica para ampliar el acceso a la electricidad en zonas remotas y no interconectadas, contribuyendo a la sostenibilidad y a la transición energética. La obra ofrece un marco integral para abordar cuatro dimensiones esenciales. En primer lugar, la planificación, entendida como el proceso de dimensionamiento tecnoeconómico y socioambiental que permite definir el tamaño y la configuración más adecuados de una microrred. En segundo lugar, la gestión, que estudia las formas más eficientes de administrar los recursos energéticos distribuidos. En tercer lugar, la operación, que plantea metodologías orientadas a garantizar un funcionamiento confiable y estable. Finalmente, la evaluación, que aporta indicadores y herramientas para medir el desempeño y orientar mejoras continuas. La investigación presentada recurre a enfoques novedosos que integran técnicas de optimización multiobjetivo, multinivel y multicriterio, computación basada en reglas, programación lineal y estrategias de control distribuido. Cada capítulo desarrolla un aspecto clave: desde la planificación en zonas no interconectadas, pasando por la gestión energética, el papel de los sistemas de almacenamiento, hasta la construcción de modelos de evaluación. Esta obra constituye una referencia fundamental para investigadores, profesionales, estudiantes y tomadores de decisión interesados en el diseño, implementación y validación de microrredes, ofreciendo metodologías prácticas y adaptadas al contexto latinoamericano.