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Stanley Kam Ki Lam
School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, Kowloon, Hong Kong

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Journal article
Published: 28 May 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Global increases in both population size and ageing have led to a drastic expansion in the demand for healthcare services. The shortage of nursing workforce capacity continues, posing immense challenges for the global healthcare system. We aimed to identify the antecedents and contextual factors that contribute to the decisions of occupational turnover from the clinical duties of registered nurses in public hospitals in Hong Kong. A qualitative descriptive design was used in this study. A total of 18 registered nurses who had resigned from public hospitals in Hong Kong and changed their occupations were recruited via convenience and snowball sampling methods. Data were collected through individual, semi-structured, and face-to-face interviews and were analyzed according to the content analysis approach. The antecedents and contextual factors that contributed to the registered nurses’ decisions regarding occupational turnover were identified from the collected data. These factors were classified into three overarching categories: (1) job dissatisfaction due to a tense work environment, (2) low motivation due to limited career opportunities, and (3) inadequate communication due to ineffective leadership. The identification of these antecedents and contextual factors could help healthcare service providers to develop strategies to enhance nurses’ commitment and engagement in their positions and eventually improve their retention. Based on these factors, healthcare sector policy makers could consider incorporating appropriate strategies into healthcare system policy.

ACS Style

Maria S. Y. Hung; Stanley K. K. Lam. Antecedents and Contextual Factors Affecting Occupational Turnover among Registered Nurses in Public Hospitals in Hong Kong: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3834 .

AMA Style

Maria S. Y. Hung, Stanley K. K. Lam. Antecedents and Contextual Factors Affecting Occupational Turnover among Registered Nurses in Public Hospitals in Hong Kong: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (11):3834.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria S. Y. Hung; Stanley K. K. Lam. 2020. "Antecedents and Contextual Factors Affecting Occupational Turnover among Registered Nurses in Public Hospitals in Hong Kong: A Qualitative Descriptive Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11: 3834.

Correspondence
Published: 16 May 2020 in International Journal of Nursing Studies
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ACS Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam; Maria Shuk Yu Hung; Wai Tong Chien. Uncertainty surrounding the use of face masks in the community amid the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2020, 108, 103651 -103651.

AMA Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam, Maria Shuk Yu Hung, Wai Tong Chien. Uncertainty surrounding the use of face masks in the community amid the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2020; 108 ():103651-103651.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam; Maria Shuk Yu Hung; Wai Tong Chien. 2020. "Uncertainty surrounding the use of face masks in the community amid the COVID-19 pandemic." International Journal of Nursing Studies 108, no. : 103651-103651.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Emergency nurses frequently encounter uncertainty and changes during the management of emerging infectious diseases, which challenge their capability to perform their duties in a well-planned and systematic manner. To date, little is known about the coping strategies adopted by emergency nurses in addressing uncertainty and changes during an epidemic event. The present study explored emergency nurses’ behaviours and strategies in handling uncertainty and practice changes during an epidemic event. A qualitative study based on the Straussian grounded theory approach was established. Semi-structured, face-to-face, individual interviews were conducted with 26 emergency nurses for data collection. Adapting protocol to the evolving context of practice was revealed as the core category. Four interplaying subcategories were identified: (1) Completing a comprehensive assessment, (2) continuing education for emerging infectious disease management, (3) incorporating guideline updates and (4) navigating new duties and competencies. The nurses demonstrated the prudence to orientate themselves to an ambiguous work situation and displayed the ability to adapt and embrace changes in their practice and duties. These findings offer insights into the need for education and training schemes that allow emergency nurses to acquire and develop the necessary decision-making and problem-solving skills to handle a public health emergency.

ACS Style

Stanley K.K. Lam; Enid W.Y. Kwong; Maria S.Y. Hung; Wai-Tong Chien. Investigating the Strategies Adopted by Emergency Nurses to Address Uncertainty and Change in the Event of Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Grounded Theory Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2490 .

AMA Style

Stanley K.K. Lam, Enid W.Y. Kwong, Maria S.Y. Hung, Wai-Tong Chien. Investigating the Strategies Adopted by Emergency Nurses to Address Uncertainty and Change in the Event of Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Grounded Theory Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (7):2490.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanley K.K. Lam; Enid W.Y. Kwong; Maria S.Y. Hung; Wai-Tong Chien. 2020. "Investigating the Strategies Adopted by Emergency Nurses to Address Uncertainty and Change in the Event of Emerging Infectious Diseases: A Grounded Theory Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2490.

Preprint content
Published: 20 January 2020
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Background: During an epidemic event, emergency care settings are fraught with urgency, uncertainty and changes to the clinical scenario and practice. Such situations challenge the capability of emergency nurses to perform their duties in a well-planned and systematic manner. To date, little is known about the coping strategies adopted by emergency nurses during an epidemic event. The present study explored the behaviours and strategies developed by emergency nurses to handle uncertainty and practice changes during an epidemic event.Methodology and methods: A qualitative design based on the Straussian grounded theory approach was established. A total of 26 emergency nurses from Hong Kong were recruited by purposive and theoretical sampling strategies. Semi-structured, face-to-face, individual interviews were conducted for data collection. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using grounded theory coding procedures. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines were followed.Results: Adapting protocol to the evolving context of practice was revealed as the core category. Four interplaying sub-categories were identified: (1) completing a comprehensive assessment, (2) continuing education for emerging infectious disease management, (3) incorporating guideline updates and (4) navigating new duties and competencies. The nurses demonstrated the prudence to orientate themselves to an ambiguous work situation and displayed the ability to adapt and embrace changes in their practice and duties.Conclusions: These findings explain how emergency nurses must adapt and adjust their practice and behaviours to the evolving nature of an epidemic event. These findings also offer insights on the need for education and training schemes that allow emergency nurses to acquire and develop the necessary decision-making and problem-solving skills to handle a public health emergency.

ACS Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam; Enid Wai Yung Kwong; Maria Shuk Yu Hung; Samantha Mei Che Pang; Wai Tong Chien. Adapting protocol to the evolving context of practice: A grounded theory exploration of the strategies adopted by emergency nurses to address situations of uncertainty and change during the management of emerging infectious diseases. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam, Enid Wai Yung Kwong, Maria Shuk Yu Hung, Samantha Mei Che Pang, Wai Tong Chien. Adapting protocol to the evolving context of practice: A grounded theory exploration of the strategies adopted by emergency nurses to address situations of uncertainty and change during the management of emerging infectious diseases. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam; Enid Wai Yung Kwong; Maria Shuk Yu Hung; Samantha Mei Che Pang; Wai Tong Chien. 2020. "Adapting protocol to the evolving context of practice: A grounded theory exploration of the strategies adopted by emergency nurses to address situations of uncertainty and change during the management of emerging infectious diseases." , no. : 1.

Empirical studies
Published: 01 January 2020 in International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being
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Purpose: Emerging infectious diseases are considered as a pressing challenge to global public health. Throughout public health response to emerging infectious diseases, emergency nurses are situated at the forefront of the healthcare system. The present study has explored emergency nurses’ perceptions regarding the risks appraisal of the threat of the emerging infectious disease situation in emergency department context. Methods: The present study used a qualitative descriptive approach. A purposive sampling method was employed to recruit emergency nurses who worked in public hospitals in Hong Kong. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to 24 emergency nurses. The data were interpreted using a thematic analysis strategy. Results: Five overarching themes emerged from the data: (1) the novelty of an emerging infectious disease, (2) the severity of an emerging infectious disease, (3) the proximity to an emerging infectious disease, (4) the complexity of an emerging infectious disease situation, and (5) the response levels towards an emerging infectious disease situation. Conclusion: It is anticipated that the information may help to predict the attitudes and behaviours of emergency nurses in future impending epidemic events, enhancing emergency nurses’ preparedness towards in such situations. Abbreviations: EID: Emerging infectious disease; ED: Emergency department; SARS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome; MERS: Middle East respiratory syndrome; WHO: World Health Organization; RN: Registered nurse; APN: Advanced practice nurse; NO: Nursing officer

ACS Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam; Enid Wai Yung Kwong; Maria Shuk Yu Hung; Wai Tong Chien. Emergency nurses’ perceptions regarding the risks appraisal of the threat of the emerging infectious disease situation in emergency departments. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 2020, 15, e1718468 .

AMA Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam, Enid Wai Yung Kwong, Maria Shuk Yu Hung, Wai Tong Chien. Emergency nurses’ perceptions regarding the risks appraisal of the threat of the emerging infectious disease situation in emergency departments. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. 2020; 15 (1):e1718468.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam; Enid Wai Yung Kwong; Maria Shuk Yu Hung; Wai Tong Chien. 2020. "Emergency nurses’ perceptions regarding the risks appraisal of the threat of the emerging infectious disease situation in emergency departments." International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 15, no. 1: e1718468.

Preprint content
Published: 05 September 2019
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Background Uncertainty and change are the inevitable challenges facing emergency nurses, as they are bound by the nature of emergency care. During an epidemic event, emergency care settings are intertwined with urgency, uncertainty, and change, which continuously pose challenges to emergency nurses on their capacity to act on their duties in a well-planned and systematic manner. However, there has been a paucity of understanding concerning emergency nurses’ actions and strategies to address the instabilities and vulnerabilities of the circumstance. The present study aimed to explore emergency nurses’ behaviours and strategies in addressing the challenges of uncertainty and change during an epidemic event. Methods A qualitative design based upon a Straussian grounded theory approach was selected as the method of inquiry. A total of 26 emergency nurses from Hong Kong were recruited in the study by purposive and theoretical sampling strategies. Semi-structured, face-to-face, individual interviews were conducted for data collection. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed through the grounded theory coding procedures. The COREQ guidelines were applied in the reporting of the present study. Results Rehearsing for improvisation was revealed as the core category. Four interplaying sub-categories were identified: (a) sensing the unclear situation, (b) equipping for the impending battle, (c) calibrating to the evolving guidelines, and (d) navigating the new role and duties. The nurses demonstrated their prudence to orientate themselves to an ambiguous work situation and displayed the flexibility to embrace changes in their practice, roles, and duties. Conclusions The findings delineate that emergency nurses were required to prepare and equip themselves with skills and strategies to improvise and adapt to the management of an epidemic event. The findings also offer insights into the development of education and training schemes that allow emergency nurses to acquire and augment their abilities of decision-making and problem-solving in public health responses.

ACS Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam; Enid Wai Yung Kwong; Maria Shuk Yu Hung; Samantha Mei Che Pang; Wai Tong Chien. Emergency nurses’ strategies in addressing uncertainty and change in the management of emerging infectious diseases: A grounded theory approach. 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam, Enid Wai Yung Kwong, Maria Shuk Yu Hung, Samantha Mei Che Pang, Wai Tong Chien. Emergency nurses’ strategies in addressing uncertainty and change in the management of emerging infectious diseases: A grounded theory approach. . 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam; Enid Wai Yung Kwong; Maria Shuk Yu Hung; Samantha Mei Che Pang; Wai Tong Chien. 2019. "Emergency nurses’ strategies in addressing uncertainty and change in the management of emerging infectious diseases: A grounded theory approach." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2019 in GSTF Journal of Nursing and Health Care
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Healthcare workers in acute care settings experience considerable emotional exhaustion on a daily basis, which might lead to the manifestation of compassion fatigue that adversely impacts their wellbeing. There has been an increasing awareness in understanding compassion fatigue on healthcare workers recently, but the literature within this area remains ambiguous due to the use of different terminology. This integrative review aims to synthesize the existing research knowledge of the manifestation of compassion fatigue and the related concepts in acute care contexts. A total of 27 full-text research articles were retrieved for analysis. The interpretation of the selected articles yielded four main categories, which included the prevalence, risk factors, protective factors, and consequences regarding compassion fatigue among healthcare workers. These findings provide an outline for decision makers of healthcare organizations to formulate a strategic plan for helping healthcare workers to cope with compassion fatigue in everyday work and disaster events.

ACS Style

Kam Ki Stanley Lam. Compassion Fatigue among Healthcare Personnel in Acute Care Contexts: An Integrative Review. GSTF Journal of Nursing and Health Care 2019, 4, 1 .

AMA Style

Kam Ki Stanley Lam. Compassion Fatigue among Healthcare Personnel in Acute Care Contexts: An Integrative Review. GSTF Journal of Nursing and Health Care. 2019; 4 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kam Ki Stanley Lam. 2019. "Compassion Fatigue among Healthcare Personnel in Acute Care Contexts: An Integrative Review." GSTF Journal of Nursing and Health Care 4, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2019 in GSTF Journal of Nursing and Health Care
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Emergency nurses are regarded as the key healthcare professional (HCP) in the emergency department endof-life (ED-EOL) care. The emergency nurses encountered the dying and death on a regular base. Still, they find the EOL care is another aspect and caring from their usual practice. With the successful ED-EOL care delivery, it can help to meet the needs of the imminent patients and families. Emergency nurses admired the pain and symptoms management helping the ED-EOL patients. This paper reviewed the existing literature on the emergency nurses’ perception of ED-EOL care. A systematic search of the literature published between January 2005 and January 2016 was conducted to identify published studies concerning emergency nurses’ practice and the influencing factors in EOL care provision. The final sample for this integrative review was comprised of 23 studies. It is suggested in the results of the included studies that emergency nurses’ EOL care in the clinical context could involve the care of the dying patients and their families in both physical, psychosocial and spiritual aspects. Further study of the emergency nurses and different ED-HCPs are encouraged which could make the ED-EOL care more fruitful and bright in the future.

ACS Style

Kam Ki Stanley Lam; Wai Keung Johnson Tse; Shuk Yu Maria Hung. Emergency Nurses’ Experience on End-of-life Care: An Integrative Review. GSTF Journal of Nursing and Health Care 2019, 4, 1 .

AMA Style

Kam Ki Stanley Lam, Wai Keung Johnson Tse, Shuk Yu Maria Hung. Emergency Nurses’ Experience on End-of-life Care: An Integrative Review. GSTF Journal of Nursing and Health Care. 2019; 4 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kam Ki Stanley Lam; Wai Keung Johnson Tse; Shuk Yu Maria Hung. 2019. "Emergency Nurses’ Experience on End-of-life Care: An Integrative Review." GSTF Journal of Nursing and Health Care 4, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2019 in British Journal of Nursing
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Although emergency nurses have a pivotal role in the public health response to epidemics, little is known about their responsibilities and practice in terms of epidemic management. this study aimed to explore how emergency nurses understand and perform their professional roles and practice during epidemics. a qualitative descriptive study design was used. Data were collected from 24 participants through semistructured interviews and subjected to thematic analysis. the analysis yielded two overarching themes: expansion in the practice of emergency care; and the altered role of emergency nurses. emergency nurses perceive their practice during the management of an epidemic expanded in that they shouldered a greater responsibility in the control of infectious diseases. This expansion led to role ambiguity among them.

ACS Style

Stanley Kk Lam; Enid Wy Kwong; Maria Sy Hung; Samantha Mc Pang; Wai Tong Chien. Emergency nurses' perceptions of their roles and practices during epidemics: a qualitative study. British Journal of Nursing 2019, 28, 523 -527.

AMA Style

Stanley Kk Lam, Enid Wy Kwong, Maria Sy Hung, Samantha Mc Pang, Wai Tong Chien. Emergency nurses' perceptions of their roles and practices during epidemics: a qualitative study. British Journal of Nursing. 2019; 28 (8):523-527.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanley Kk Lam; Enid Wy Kwong; Maria Sy Hung; Samantha Mc Pang; Wai Tong Chien. 2019. "Emergency nurses' perceptions of their roles and practices during epidemics: a qualitative study." British Journal of Nursing 28, no. 8: 523-527.

Journal article
Published: 08 March 2019 in Collegian
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With the increasing prevalence of mental illnesses worldwide, nurses’ competence and preparedness in addressing patients’ mental health needs warrant particular attention. However, nurses who receive general nursing training may have inadequate knowledge and beliefs about mental health disorders. Although Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training is considered relevant in improving participants’ mental health literacy, the benefits of incorporating the training into general nursing education have not yet been clearly defined in the literature. The present study aimed to explore undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions and experiences of participating in MHFA training. The study adopted a qualitative descriptive method. Twenty-five nursing students in a Baccalaureate nursing programme in Hong Kong who had completed a 12-h MHFA training course were recruited. Data were collected through semi-structured, face-to-face, individual interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Five overarching themes regarding the participants’ experiences of the MHFA training were identified from the data: (1) reinforced knowledge and understanding, (2) enhanced techniques and skills, (3) rectified beliefs and values, (4) improved self-awareness of personal mental health status and (5) a heightened sense of achievement and satisfaction. In addition to enhancing nursing students’ competence and readiness in managing individuals with mental health conditions, Mental Health First Aid training could strengthen nursing students’ awareness of their own mental health. The findings provide a greater understanding of the practical and experiential benefits of MHFA training for nursing students, and highlight the relevance of incorporating this training into the undergraduate general nursing curriculum.

ACS Style

Maria S.Y. Hung; Stanley Kam Ki Lam; Meyrick C.M. Chow. Nursing students’ experiences of mental health first aid training: A qualitative descriptive study. Collegian 2019, 26, 534 -540.

AMA Style

Maria S.Y. Hung, Stanley Kam Ki Lam, Meyrick C.M. Chow. Nursing students’ experiences of mental health first aid training: A qualitative descriptive study. Collegian. 2019; 26 (5):534-540.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria S.Y. Hung; Stanley Kam Ki Lam; Meyrick C.M. Chow. 2019. "Nursing students’ experiences of mental health first aid training: A qualitative descriptive study." Collegian 26, no. 5: 534-540.

Empirical studies
Published: 01 January 2019 in International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being
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Purpose: Emergency nurses are engaged in the management of epidemic events that unfold along with the evolution of diseases. The goal of this study was to explore the contextual factors that inhibited the ability of emergency nurses to perform their duties in response to an outbreak. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used to explore the experiences and perceptions of emergency nurses. Participants were purposively recruited from 12 emergency departments in Hong Kong. Semi-structured face-to-face individual interviews were conducted with 26 emergency nurses. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and interpreted with a thematic analysis approach. Results: Four intertwined themes emerged from the analysis: resource constraints, threats of infection, ubiquitous changes and lingering uncertainties. These themes portrayed the constraints and challenges surrounding the work environment of emergency nurses. Conclusion: This study described the instabilities and vulnerabilities of the circumstances in which the emergency nurses were situated in during epidemic events. The findings shed light on the importance of hospitals and emergency departments in addressing both the technical problems and adaptive challenges that face emergency nurses during epidemic events.

ACS Style

Stanley K. K. Lam; Enid W. Y. Kwong; Maria S. Y. Hung; Samantha M. C. Pang; Wai T. Chien. A qualitative descriptive study of the contextual factors influencing the practice of emergency nurses in managing emerging infectious diseases. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 2019, 14, 1626179 .

AMA Style

Stanley K. K. Lam, Enid W. Y. Kwong, Maria S. Y. Hung, Samantha M. C. Pang, Wai T. Chien. A qualitative descriptive study of the contextual factors influencing the practice of emergency nurses in managing emerging infectious diseases. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. 2019; 14 (1):1626179.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanley K. K. Lam; Enid W. Y. Kwong; Maria S. Y. Hung; Samantha M. C. Pang; Wai T. Chien. 2019. "A qualitative descriptive study of the contextual factors influencing the practice of emergency nurses in managing emerging infectious diseases." International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 14, no. 1: 1626179.

Review
Published: 11 January 2018 in Journal of Clinical Nursing
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This paper seeks to explore the core components that constitute nurses’ preparedness in an epidemic event. Healthcare service providers have worked to augment efforts to protect the public from the impact of epidemic events. While constituting the major healthcare taskforce, nurses are frequently tasked with fronting the response to an infectious disease outbreak. Given the crucial role of nurses in the management of prevailing epidemics, the constituents of their preparedness in epidemic events should be identified. A systematic search was undertaken to identify eligible studies from the literature. A narrative synthesis approach was employed to extract and synthesize findings of the reviewed qualitative studies. Seven qualitative studies on nurses’ experience and perceptions of epidemic events were examined for scientific quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Checklist. Findings of these studies were synthesized adopting a narrative synthesis approach. Three interplaying themes were identified: (1) personal resources, (2) workplace resources, and (3) situational influences. The findings suggest that an effective epidemic outbreak response would require further effort to reinforce the interplay between individual nurses, healthcare institutions, and the governments. The practical interplay among individual nurses, healthcare institutions, and the governments is crucial in establishing an effective epidemic response. Further research on the understanding of the dynamic process of preparedness development is recommended to set future directions in research. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Stanley K. K. Lam; Enid W. Y. Kwong; Maria S. Y. Hung; Samantha M. C. Pang; Vico C. L. Chiang. Nurses’ preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks: A literature review and narrative synthesis of qualitative evidence. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2018, 27, e1244 -e1255.

AMA Style

Stanley K. K. Lam, Enid W. Y. Kwong, Maria S. Y. Hung, Samantha M. C. Pang, Vico C. L. Chiang. Nurses’ preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks: A literature review and narrative synthesis of qualitative evidence. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2018; 27 (7-8):e1244-e1255.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanley K. K. Lam; Enid W. Y. Kwong; Maria S. Y. Hung; Samantha M. C. Pang; Vico C. L. Chiang. 2018. "Nurses’ preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks: A literature review and narrative synthesis of qualitative evidence." Journal of Clinical Nursing 27, no. 7-8: e1244-e1255.

Journal article
Published: 09 August 2016 in Journal of Clinical Nursing
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To explore the difficulties and strategies regarding guideline implementation among emergency nurses. Emerging infectious diseases remain an underlying source of global health concern. Guidelines for accident and emergency departments would require adjustments for infectious disease management. However, disparities between guidelines and nurses' practice are frequently reported, which undermines the implementation of these guidelines into practice. This article explores the experience of frontline emergency nurses regarding guideline implementation and provides an in-depth account of their strategies in bridging guideline-practice gaps. A qualitative descriptive design was used. Semi-structured, face-to-face, individual interviews were conducted between November 2013–May 2014. A purposive sample of 12 frontline emergency nurses from five accident and emergency departments in Hong Kong were recruited. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed with a qualitative content analysis approach. Four key categories associated with guideline-practice gaps emerged, including getting work done, adapting to accelerated infection control measures, compromising care standards and resolving competing clinical judgments across collaborating departments. The results illustrate that the guideline-practice gaps could be associated with inadequate provision of corresponding organisational supports after guidelines are established. The nurses' experiences have uncovered the difficulties in the implementation of guidelines in emergency care settings and the corresponding strategies used to address these problems. The nurses' experiences reflect their endeavour in adjusting accordingly and adapting themselves to their circumstances in the face of unfeasible guidelines. It is important to customise guidelines to the needs of frontline nurses. Maintaining cross-departmental consensus on guideline interpretation and operation is also indicated as an important component for effective guideline implementation.

ACS Style

Stanley Kk Lam; Enid Wy Kwong; Maria Sy Hung; Samantha Mc Pang. Bridging the gap between guidelines and practice in the management of emerging infectious diseases: a qualitative study of emergency nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2016, 25, 2895 -2905.

AMA Style

Stanley Kk Lam, Enid Wy Kwong, Maria Sy Hung, Samantha Mc Pang. Bridging the gap between guidelines and practice in the management of emerging infectious diseases: a qualitative study of emergency nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2016; 25 (19-20):2895-2905.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanley Kk Lam; Enid Wy Kwong; Maria Sy Hung; Samantha Mc Pang. 2016. "Bridging the gap between guidelines and practice in the management of emerging infectious diseases: a qualitative study of emergency nurses." Journal of Clinical Nursing 25, no. 19-20: 2895-2905.

Journal article
Published: 08 November 2012 in International Emergency Nursing
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The primary aim of this study was to explore the perception of Hong Kong emergency nurses regarding their work during the human swine influenza pandemic outbreak. In this exploratory, qualitative study, 10 emergency nurses from a regional hospital in Hong Kong were recruited using purposive sampling. Semi-structured, face-to-face individual interviews were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was utilized to analyze the transcripts. The three following categories emerged from the interview data: concerns about health, comments on the administration, and attitudes of professionalism. Nurses viewed the human swine influenza as a threat to their personal and families’ health. However, nurses perceived that the severity of the disease was exaggerated by the public. Improvements in planning the circulation of information, allocation of manpower, and utilization of personal protective equipment were indicated. The emergency nurses demonstrated a sense of commitment and professional morale in promoting a high quality of nursing care. Various factors affecting the perceptions of emergency nurses toward their professional duties during the influenza pandemic were identified. By understanding these perceptions, appropriate planning, policies, and guidelines can be formulated to meet the healthcare needs of patients during future pandemic outbreaks.

ACS Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam; Shuk Yu Maria Hung. Perceptions of emergency nurses during the human swine influenza outbreak: A qualitative study. International Emergency Nursing 2012, 21, 240 -246.

AMA Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam, Shuk Yu Maria Hung. Perceptions of emergency nurses during the human swine influenza outbreak: A qualitative study. International Emergency Nursing. 2012; 21 (4):240-246.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanley Kam Ki Lam; Shuk Yu Maria Hung. 2012. "Perceptions of emergency nurses during the human swine influenza outbreak: A qualitative study." International Emergency Nursing 21, no. 4: 240-246.