Climate change has affected both water quantity and quality by increased rainfall, runoff, and associated pollutant loading in urban areas. Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs) are now being popularly considered for the reduction of increased runoff due to urbanization. Most research has been conducted on the analysis of BMP effectiveness under current conditions. However, there is no extensive literature on BMP effectiveness studies considering climate change. In this study, the effectiveness of BMP, porous pavement in particular, has been assessed under climate change scenarios. Climate change scenarios were generated by trend analysis of the historical rainfall data. The 2-year and 100-year design storms having 24-h durations were determined for three scenarios: current conditions, 2020, and 2050 using frequency analysis. Storm Water Management Model was then calibrated and used to evaluate the impact of climate change and the effect of incorporating porous pavement on runoff. Geographic information system analysis showed that 33.4% of the basin was suitable for the installation of porous pavement. Hydrologic modeling demonstrated that climate change can increase peak flows by as much as 26.9% relative to current condition. Further analysis showed that porous pavement can be effective in reducing the runoff volume and peak flow below current conditions for all scenarios, offsetting negative impact of climate change.

Both water quantity and quality are impacted by climate change. In addition, rapid urbanization has also brought an immeasurable loss of life and property resulting from floods. Hence, there is a need to predict changes in rainfall events to effectively design stormwater infrastructure to protect urban areas from disaster. This study develops a framework for predicting future short duration rainfall intensity and examining the effects of climate change on urban runoff in the Gunja Drainage Basin. Non-stationarities in rainfall records are first analysed using trend analysis to extrapolate future climate change scenarios. The US Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used for single event simulation of runoff quantity from the study area. For the 1-hour and 24-hour durations, statistically significant upward trends were observed. Although the 10-minute duration was only nearly significant at the 90% level, the steepest slope was observed for this short duration. Moreover, it was observed that the simulated peak discharge from SWMM increases as the short duration rainfall intensity increases. The proposed framework is thought to provide a means to review the current design of stormwater infrastructures to determine their capacity, along with consideration of climate change impact.

Mathematical models developed for quantification of sediment transport in hydrological watersheds require data collected through field or laboratory experiments, but these are still very rare in the literature. This study aims to collect such data at the laboratory scale. To this end, a rainfall simulator equipped with nozzles to spray rainfall was constructed, together with an erosion flume that can be given longitudinal and lateral slopes. Eighty experiments were performed, considering microtopographical features by pre-forming a rill on the soil surface before the start of each experiment. Medium and fine sands were used as soil, and four rainfall intensities (45, 65, 85 and 105 mm h^-1) were applied in the experiments. Rainfall characteristics such as uniformity, granulometry, drop velocity and kinetic energy were evaluated; flow and sediment discharge data were collected and analysed. The analysis shows that the sediment transport rate is directly proportional to rainfall intensity and slope. In contrast, the volumetric sediment concentration stays constant and does not change with rainfall intensity unless the slope changes. These conclusions are restricted to the conditions of experiments performed under rainfall intensities between and 105 mm h^-1 for medium and fine sands in a 136-cm-wide, 650-cm-long and 17-cm-deep erosion flume with longitudinal and lateral slopes varying between 5 and 20%. Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor G. Mahé Citation Aksoy, H., Unal, N.E., Cokgor, S., Gedikli, A., Yoon, J., Koca, K., Inci, S.B., Eris, E., and Pak, G., 2013. Laboratory experiments of sediment transport from bare soil with a rill. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (7), 1505–1518.