Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the associations between air pollution exposure and pediatric outpatient visits for dry eye disease (DED) in Shenzhen, China.Methods: Generalized additive models were utilized to explore the acute effects of air pollution exposure on pediatric outpatient visits for DED.Results: Single-day lag exposures to NO₂, O₃, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ were associated with DED outpatient visits at lag days 0, 6, 4 and 2. Relative risks (RRs) for DED given a 10-μg/m³ increase in NO₂, O₃, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ concentrations were 1.062[95% confidence interval (CI) 1.003, 1.123], 1.015(95% CI 1.001, 1.031), 1.052(95% CI 1.001, 1.115), and 1.038 (95% CI 1.002, 1.076), respectively. RR for DED given a 10-μg/m³ increase in NO₂ over cumulative lag days 0–1 was 1.075 (95% CI 1.009, 1.147), and RR for DED given a 10-μg/m³ increase in PM₁₀ over cumulative lag days 0–4 was 1.051 (95% CI 1.003, 1.102).Conclusion: The observed associations between air pollution and outpatient visits for DED may provide evidence for policy makers to consider implementing measures to reduce the risk of DED owing to air pollution in China.

Objectives: To evaluate myopia development among primary and secondary school students during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the development of myopia among students in Shenzhen, China during the COVID-19 outbreak.Results: The study included 1,472,957 and 1,573,824 students in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The prevalence of myopia was 46.9 and 50.5% in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The prevalence of myopia among students in the former Shenzhen Special Economic Zone (SEZ) was higher than that in areas outside the former Shenzhen SEZ (2019: 47.0 vs. 43.7%; 2020: 50.5 vs. 47.3%). The prevalence of myopia among girls was higher than that among boys (2019: 50.4 vs. 44.0%; 2020: 54.0 vs. 47.6%). The 50th percentile (P₅₀) of spherical equivalent refraction (SER) in the right eye among girls was lower than that in boys. The prevalence of myopia continued to increase as the grade increased, with the greatest annual increase observed in Grades 2–5 (3.4–3.9%). TheP₅₀of SER in the right eye of students decreased as the grade increased.Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia among students increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in primary school Grades 2–5.

Objectives:To study the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of myopia to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia.Methods:7,597 students studying in grades 1–3 were followed up. Eye examinations and questionnaire surveys were conducted annually from 2019 to 2021. The influencing factors of myopia were analyzed by logistic regression model.Results:The prevalence of myopia among students in grades 1–3 in 2019 was 23.4%, which increased to 41.9% and 51.9% after the 1-and 2-year follow-up, respectively. The incidence of myopia and change in the spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were higher in 2020 than in 2021. The 2-year cumulative incidences of myopia were 2.5%, 10.1%, 15.5%, 36.3%, and 54.1% in students with a baseline SER >+1.50D, +1.00D to +1.50D, +0.50D to +1.00D, 0.00D to +0.50D, and -0.50D to 0.00D, respectively. Outdoor activities, sex, age, baseline SER, parental myopia, sleep time, and digital device exposure were associated with myopia.Conclusion:The prevalence of myopia demonstrated a rapid increase; thus, healthy habits and outdoor activities should be promoted for the prevention and control of myopia.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the current status, hotspots, and emerging research trends regarding the relationship between outdoor activities and myopia.Methods: Publications on the relationship between outdoor activities and myopia from 2006 to 2021 were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace (version 6.1.R2) was used to performed a bibliometric analysis, and R software (version 4.1.0) was used to visualize the trends and hot map of publications.Results: A total of 640 publications were collected and analyzed in the present study. China was the major contributor (n = 204), followed by the United States of America (n = 181) and Australia (n = 137). The United States of America had the most extensive foreign cooperation (centrality = 0.25), followed by Australia (centrality = 0.20). The National University of Singapore contributed the largest number of publications (n = 48), followed by Sun Yat-Sen University (n = 41) and the Australian National University (n = 41). Among institutions, Cardiff University in the United Kingdom had the most extensive foreign cooperation (centrality = 0.12), followed by the National University of Singapore (centrality = 0.11). Saw S from Singapore had the largest number of publications (n = 39), followed by Morgan I from Australia (n = 27) and Jonas J from Germany (n = 23). Investigative ophthalmology & visual science is the most important journal to study the relationship between outdoor activities and myopia. “Global Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia and Temporal Trends from 2000 through 2050” published by Holden BA was the most cited paper in this field with 177 citations. Co-occurrence and burst analyses of keywords showed that research trends and hotspots in this field focused mainly on “risk,” “prevention” and “school”.Conclusions: The influence of outdoor activities on myopia remains a concern. In the future, deeper cooperation between countries or institutions is required to explore the effects of outdoor activities on myopia. Outdoor activities for the prevention of myopia and reduction of the risk of myopia among school students may be the focus of future research.