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I am pleased to draw attention to two papers published in Horticulture in 2019 which the Editorial Board has recognized as worthy of special attention as “Best Papers of 2019”, among the many excellent papers from that year
Douglas Archbold. Best Papers Introduction. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 186 .
AMA StyleDouglas Archbold. Best Papers Introduction. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (7):186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDouglas Archbold. 2021. "Best Papers Introduction." Horticulturae 7, no. 7: 186.
The goal of this Special Issue is to highlight, through selected works, frontier research in basic to applied horticulture among those published in Horticulturae in 2020
Douglas Archbold. Special Issue: Feature Papers 2020. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 121 .
AMA StyleDouglas Archbold. Special Issue: Feature Papers 2020. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (6):121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDouglas Archbold. 2021. "Special Issue: Feature Papers 2020." Horticulturae 7, no. 6: 121.
Polyols such as sorbitol and ribitol are a class of compatible solutes in plants that may play roles in tolerance to abiotic stresses. This study investigated the effects of water stress on sorbitol biosynthesis and metabolism and sorbitol and ribitol accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Water stress induced by withholding water and by using polyethylene glycol as a root incubation solution to mimic water stress, and NaCl stress were applied to wild-type (WT) and three genetically-modified lines of tomato (cv. Ailsa Craig), a control vector line TR22, and 2 sorbitol dehydrogenase (sdh) antisense lines TR45 and TR49. Sorbitol and ribitol content, as well as the enzymatic activities, protein accumulation, and gene expression patterns of the key sorbitol cycle enzymes aldose-6-phosphate reductase (A6PR), aldose reductase (AR), and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), were measured in mature leaves. In response to the stresses, both sorbitol and ribitol accumulated in leaf tissue, most significantly in the sdh antisense lines. A6PR, characterised for the first time in this work, and AR both exhibited increased enzymatic activity correlated with sorbitol accumulation during the stress treatments, with SDH also increasing in WT and TR22 to metabolise sorbitol, reducing the content to control levels within 3 days after re-watering. In the sdh antisense lines, the lack of significant SDH activity resulted in the increased sorbitol and ribitol content above WT levels. The results highlighted a role for both A6PR and AR in biosynthesis of sorbitol in tomato where the high activity of both enzymes was associated with sorbitol accumulation. Although both A6PR and AR are aldo-keto reductases and use NADPH as a co-factor, the AR-specific inhibitor sorbinil inhibited AR only indicating that they are different enzymes. The determination that sorbitol, and perhaps ribitol as well, plays a role in abiotic responses in tomato provides a cornerstone for future studies examining how they impact tomato tolerance to abiotic stresses, and if their alteration could improve stress tolerance.
Afaf Almaghamsi; Marta Nosarzewski; Yoshinori Kanayama; Douglas D. Archbold. Effects of abiotic stresses on sorbitol biosynthesis and metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Functional Plant Biology 2021, 48, 286 .
AMA StyleAfaf Almaghamsi, Marta Nosarzewski, Yoshinori Kanayama, Douglas D. Archbold. Effects of abiotic stresses on sorbitol biosynthesis and metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Functional Plant Biology. 2021; 48 (3):286.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAfaf Almaghamsi; Marta Nosarzewski; Yoshinori Kanayama; Douglas D. Archbold. 2021. "Effects of abiotic stresses on sorbitol biosynthesis and metabolism in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)." Functional Plant Biology 48, no. 3: 286.
Fragaria vesca L. has become a model species for genomic studies relevant to important crop plant species in the Rosaceae family, but generating large numbers of plants from non-runner-producing genotypes is slow. To develop a protocol for the rapid generation of plants, leaf explants were compared to single axillary bud shoot explants, both from in vitro-grown Fragaria vesca seedlings, as sources of shoots for new plant production in response to benzyladenine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ) combined with indolebutyric acid (IBA) on Murashige and Skoog’s Basal Salt (MS) medium. BA at 2.0 and 4.0 mg L−1 and TDZ at 1.5 mg L−1 promoted the greatest number of shoots produced per shoot explant. There were no IBA effects or IBA interactions with BA or TDZ. Significant interactions between BA and IBA, but not TDZ and IBA, occurred in leaf explant callus formation and % explants with callus at 6 and 9 weeks of culture and on shoots per leaf explant at 9 weeks. TDZ treatments produced uniformly high levels of callus but low numbers of shoots. The treatment generating the most shoot production was BA at 4.0 mg L−1 plus IBA at 0.50 mg L−1. After 9 weeks of culture, leaf explants of the non-runner-producing genotype Baron Solemacher had generated 4.6 shoots per explant with the best treatment, while axillary bud explants had generated 30.8 shoots with the best treatment. Thus, in vitro culture of shoot axillary bud explants can generate high numbers of clonal shoots from a single seedling plant in vitro.
Babul C. Sarker; Douglas D. Archbold; Robert L. Geneve; Sharon T. Kester. Rapid In Vitro Multiplication of Non-Runnering Fragaria vesca Genotypes from Seedling Shoot Axillary Bud Explants. Horticulturae 2020, 6, 51 .
AMA StyleBabul C. Sarker, Douglas D. Archbold, Robert L. Geneve, Sharon T. Kester. Rapid In Vitro Multiplication of Non-Runnering Fragaria vesca Genotypes from Seedling Shoot Axillary Bud Explants. Horticulturae. 2020; 6 (3):51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabul C. Sarker; Douglas D. Archbold; Robert L. Geneve; Sharon T. Kester. 2020. "Rapid In Vitro Multiplication of Non-Runnering Fragaria vesca Genotypes from Seedling Shoot Axillary Bud Explants." Horticulturae 6, no. 3: 51.
Two cultivars of F. vesca, red-fruited Baron Solemacher (BS) and white-fruited Pineapple Crush (PC), were studied to compare and contrast the quantitative accumulation of major polyphenols and related biosynthetic pathway gene expression patterns during fruit development and ripening. Developing PC fruit showed higher levels of hydroxycinnamic acids in green stages and a greater accumulation of ellagitannins in ripe fruit in comparison to BS. In addition to anthocyanin, red BS fruit had greater levels of flavan-3-ols when ripe than PC. Expression patterns of key structural genes and transcription factors of the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, an abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic gene, and a putative ABA receptor gene that may regulate the pathway, were also analyzed during fruit development and ripening to determine which genes exhibited differences in expression and when such differences were first evident. Expression of all pathway genes differed between the red BS and white PC at one or more times during development, most notably at ripening when phenylalanine ammonia lyase 1 (PAL1), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone-3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), and UDP:flavonoid-O-glucosyltransferase 1 (UFGT1) were significantly upregulated in the red BS fruit. The transcription factors MYB1 and MYB10 did not differ substantially between red and white fruit except at ripening, when both the putative repressor MYB1 and promoter MYB10 were upregulated in red BS but not white PC fruit. The expression of ABA-related gene 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (NCED1) was higher in red BS fruit but only in the early green stages of development. Thus, a multigenic effect at several points in the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthetic pathway due to lack of MYB10 upregulation may have resulted in white PC fruit.
Sutapa Roy; Sanjay Singh; Douglas D. Archbold. Developmental Variation in Fruit Polyphenol Content and Related Gene Expression of a Red-Fruited versus a White-Fruited Fragaria vesca Genotype. Horticulturae 2018, 4, 30 .
AMA StyleSutapa Roy, Sanjay Singh, Douglas D. Archbold. Developmental Variation in Fruit Polyphenol Content and Related Gene Expression of a Red-Fruited versus a White-Fruited Fragaria vesca Genotype. Horticulturae. 2018; 4 (4):30.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSutapa Roy; Sanjay Singh; Douglas D. Archbold. 2018. "Developmental Variation in Fruit Polyphenol Content and Related Gene Expression of a Red-Fruited versus a White-Fruited Fragaria vesca Genotype." Horticulturae 4, no. 4: 30.
White-fruited mutants of Fragaria vesca, and one of F. X ananassa, were studied to determine the identity and quantity of major flavonols (FVLs), flavan-3-ols (FV3Ls), hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs), and ellagic acid (EA)-derived compounds, by using HPLC-MS. The content of 22 compounds across the major groups were used to assess the possibility of unique mutations among the mutant gentoypes. Total HCAs were lower in the white than the red cultivars of both species, except for 2 white F. vesca cultivars. Total FVLs were comparable in white fruit of both species, although a red F. x ananassa had more than a red F. vesca. Total FV3Ls were higher in red than white cultivars of both species. Total EA-derived content was generally higher in white than in red F. vesca. Principal component analysis and a combined heatmap and hierarchical cluster analysis clearly discriminated among the five white F. vesca genotypes.
Sutapa Roy; Benhong Wu; Wenwen Liu; Douglas D. Archbold. Comparative analyses of polyphenolic composition of Fragaria spp. color mutants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2018, 125, 255 -261.
AMA StyleSutapa Roy, Benhong Wu, Wenwen Liu, Douglas D. Archbold. Comparative analyses of polyphenolic composition of Fragaria spp. color mutants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2018; 125 ():255-261.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSutapa Roy; Benhong Wu; Wenwen Liu; Douglas D. Archbold. 2018. "Comparative analyses of polyphenolic composition of Fragaria spp. color mutants." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 125, no. : 255-261.
Colletotrichum acutatum is responsible for anthracnose fruit rot, one of the most devastating diseases in strawberry. Phenolic compounds have been described as contributors to anthracnose resistance in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa, Duch.). Six isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum and four isolates of three other Colletotrichum species, C. gloeosporioides, C. fragariae, and C. graminicola, associated with disease symptoms were investigated in this study. The potential inhibitory effect of phenolic acids (gallic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, salicylic acid), flavonoids (catechin, quercetin, naringenin), and ellagic acid, which are naturally found in strawberry, were screened against two different spore suspension concentrations of the Colletotrichum isolates at 5, 10, 50 mM in vitro. Among the phenolic acids and flavonoids tested in this study, only trans-cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid inhibited fungal growth. The inhibitory effects were concentration-dependent but also varied with the spore suspension concentration of the isolates. The results demonstrated that trans-cinnamic acid had the greatest inhibitory effect on all Colletotrichum spp. isolates tested.
Sutapa Roy; Etta Nuckles; Douglas D. Archbold. Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Growth of Colletotrichum spp. In Vitro. Current Microbiology 2017, 75, 550 -556.
AMA StyleSutapa Roy, Etta Nuckles, Douglas D. Archbold. Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Growth of Colletotrichum spp. In Vitro. Current Microbiology. 2017; 75 (5):550-556.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSutapa Roy; Etta Nuckles; Douglas D. Archbold. 2017. "Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Growth of Colletotrichum spp. In Vitro." Current Microbiology 75, no. 5: 550-556.
The objective of this study was to determine if the application of two antitranspirant compounds would moderate water deficit stress effects on physiological responses of “Granny Smith”, “Royal Gala” and “Golden Delicious” apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees on MM106 rootstock that occur during deficit irrigation. Uniform trees were grown in pots under water supply regimes of 30%, 60%, and 80% depletion of available water (DAW) before irrigation to runoff and received applications of kaolin particle film (PF) or abscisic acid (ABA) at 0, 30 and 60 days. At 120 days, genotype and deficit irrigation affected nearly all leaf traits, but antitranspirant treatment had no significant effects. As the % DAW increased, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (T), stomatal conductance, leaf water and pressure potential, variable-to-maximal chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf number, and leaf N, P and K contents were reduced. A significant genotype by deficit irrigation interaction was evident on T, water use efficiency (WUE), and leaf osmotic pressure potential. A significant deficit irrigation by antitranspirant interaction was evident on only leaf Pn, with PF and ABA reducing it at 30% DAW and only PF reducing it at 80% DAW. However, the periodic use of PF or ABA during deficit irrigation did not alleviate most physiological effects of water deficit stress due to deficit irrigation.
Khalid M. Al-Absi; Douglas D. Archbold. Apple Tree Responses to Deficit Irrigation Combined with Periodic Applications of Particle Film or Abscisic Acid. Horticulturae 2016, 2, 16 .
AMA StyleKhalid M. Al-Absi, Douglas D. Archbold. Apple Tree Responses to Deficit Irrigation Combined with Periodic Applications of Particle Film or Abscisic Acid. Horticulturae. 2016; 2 (4):16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhalid M. Al-Absi; Douglas D. Archbold. 2016. "Apple Tree Responses to Deficit Irrigation Combined with Periodic Applications of Particle Film or Abscisic Acid." Horticulturae 2, no. 4: 16.
Combinations of fertilizer rates, foliar N sprays, irrigation practices, and paclobutrazol were studied to determine how much they could alter and/or improve mango (Mangifera indica L.) growth, flowering, and yield. Two treatment combinations derived from several years of prior studies of individual practices were compared: one combination was comprised of the best (BT) individual practices from the prior studies and included three applications of fertilizer, a 4% KNO3 spray application before flowering, paclobutrazol at 7.5 g/L, and weekly irrigation, and the other combination was comprised of the next best (NB) individual practices including two applications of the same amount of fertilizer, a 4% urea spray before flowering, paclobutrazol at 10.0 g/L, and biweekly irrigation. Both combinations significantly reduced terminal shoot growth and leaves per terminal shoot, advanced the date of flowering and harvest, increased panicle number, length and secondary branching, increased fruit set, fruit number at harvest, fruit size, and yield, with BT producing larger fruit and a greater yield than NB. Although both combinations produced fruit with higher quality than the control, the BT combination produced fruit with the higher total soluble solids, reducing, non-reducing, and total sugar content, and vitamin C content than the NB combination. Both BT and NB combinations of the optimums identified in the prior studies were successful at advancing bloom and harvest and increasing yield more than any of the optimum individual components alone, by 14-fold more than untreated trees for the BT combination, suggesting there were additive, if not synergistic, effects on mango. Further studies are warranted to assess the sustainability of these effects over longer periods of time, and to ascertain if the effects occur across mango cultivars and production environments.
Babul C. Sarker; Mohammad A. Rahim; Douglas D. Archbold. Combined Effects of Fertilizer, Irrigation, and Paclobutrazol on Yield and Fruit Quality of Mango. Horticulturae 2016, 2, 14 .
AMA StyleBabul C. Sarker, Mohammad A. Rahim, Douglas D. Archbold. Combined Effects of Fertilizer, Irrigation, and Paclobutrazol on Yield and Fruit Quality of Mango. Horticulturae. 2016; 2 (4):14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBabul C. Sarker; Mohammad A. Rahim; Douglas D. Archbold. 2016. "Combined Effects of Fertilizer, Irrigation, and Paclobutrazol on Yield and Fruit Quality of Mango." Horticulturae 2, no. 4: 14.
Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. Horticulture plays an integral role in human existence. As foods, in interior surroundings and exterior landscapes, and in forms of artistic expression, there is no social group worldwide for whom horticulture has not played a profound role [1]. Horticultural plants and their products provide critical nutrition and nutraceutical compounds which sustain life, provide environments for leisure, recreation, and improved mental health, and play essential roles in ecology and biodiversity. As the population grows, horticulture is destined to play increasingly critical roles in maintaining human health and happiness.
Douglas D. Archbold. Horticulturae — An International, Multidisciplinary, Open Access Journal. Horticulturae 2015, 1, 1 -2.
AMA StyleDouglas D. Archbold. Horticulturae — An International, Multidisciplinary, Open Access Journal. Horticulturae. 2015; 1 (1):1-2.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDouglas D. Archbold. 2015. "Horticulturae — An International, Multidisciplinary, Open Access Journal." Horticulturae 1, no. 1: 1-2.
The ripening behavior of the native American pawpaw (Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal.) fruit was studied immediately after harvest and after 1 month of 4 °C storage. Fruit were harvested at two different maturity stages. Fruit that were unripe (minimal softening evident) at harvest exhibited respiratory and ethylene climacterics at 3 and 5 days postharvest, respectively, at ambient temperature, and a precipitous decline in fruit firmness was evident prior to the climacteric peaks. Fruit classified as having commenced ripening (some softening evident) at harvest exhibited both respiratory and ethylene climacteric peaks at 3 day at ambient storage temperature. Fruit in cold storage at 4 °C for 28 days exhibited minimal to no loss of firmness, and upon removal to ambient temperature both respiratory and ethylene climacterics occurred within 7 days for both harvest maturities. The maximum rates of respiration and ethylene production in these studies were: CO2 production 90 mg kg−1 h−1 and C2H4 production 14.4 μg kg−1 h−1, respectively. These results indicate that pawpaw fruit ripening is climacteric.
Douglas D Archbold; Kirk W Pomper. Ripening pawpaw fruit exhibit respiratory and ethylene climacterics. Postharvest Biology and Technology 2003, 30, 99 -103.
AMA StyleDouglas D Archbold, Kirk W Pomper. Ripening pawpaw fruit exhibit respiratory and ethylene climacterics. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 2003; 30 (1):99-103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDouglas D Archbold; Kirk W Pomper. 2003. "Ripening pawpaw fruit exhibit respiratory and ethylene climacterics." Postharvest Biology and Technology 30, no. 1: 99-103.