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Jan Zepter
Center for Electric Power and Energy, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Risø Campus, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark

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Short Biography

Jan Martin Zepter was born in Itzehoe, Germany, in 1993. He received B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in industrial engineering and management with a focus on electrical engineering from the Technical University of Berlin in 2016 and 2019, respectively, as well as a M.Sc. degree in sustainable energy systems and markets from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in 2019. Since October 2019, he has been with the Technical University of Denmark where he is currently working towards a Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering. His current research interests revolve around modelling and aggregation of distributed energy resources in integrated energy systems.

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Journal article
Published: 24 April 2021 in Energies
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Biogas plants may support the transformation towards renewable-based and integrated energy systems by providing dispatchable co-generation as well as opportunities for biogas upgrading or power-to-X conversion. In this paper, a simulation model that comprises the main dynamics of the internal processes of a biogas plant is developed. Based on first-order kinetics of the anaerobic digestion process, the biogas production of an input feeding schedule of raw material can be estimated. The output of the plant in terms of electrical and thermal energy is validated against empirical data from a 3-MW biogas plant on the Danish island of Bornholm. The results show that the model provides an accurate representation of the processes within a biogas plant. The paper further provides insights on the functioning of the biogas plant on Bornholm as well as discusses upgrading potentials of biogas to biomethane at the plant from an energy perspective.

ACS Style

Jan Zepter; Jan Engelhardt; Tatiana Gabderakhmanova; Mattia Marinelli. Empirical Validation of a Biogas Plant Simulation Model and Analysis of Biogas Upgrading Potentials. Energies 2021, 14, 2424 .

AMA Style

Jan Zepter, Jan Engelhardt, Tatiana Gabderakhmanova, Mattia Marinelli. Empirical Validation of a Biogas Plant Simulation Model and Analysis of Biogas Upgrading Potentials. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2424.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan Zepter; Jan Engelhardt; Tatiana Gabderakhmanova; Mattia Marinelli. 2021. "Empirical Validation of a Biogas Plant Simulation Model and Analysis of Biogas Upgrading Potentials." Energies 14, no. 9: 2424.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2021 in Energies
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This paper introduces a novel design of an electric vehicle (EV) fast charging station, consisting of a battery energy storage system (BESS) with reconfigurable cell topology. The BESS comprises two battery strings that decouple the power flow between EV and grid, to enable charging powers above the grid capacity. The reconfigurable design is achieved by equipping the battery cells with semiconductor switches and serves two main purposes. First, it aims at solving cell unbalance issues to increase safety, reliability, and lifetime of the battery. Second, it enables the BESS to actively control the EV charging process by changing its cell configuration in a real-time fashion, making a DC-DC converter redundant. The paper presents a modelling approach that captures the reconfigurable design including the controlling algorithm used for cell engagement. The simulation results show that the BESS is able to fulfil the EV request with sufficient accuracy for most of the fast charging process. However, the switching of cells leads to variations in the charging current that can potentially exceed the tolerance band defined in IEC61851-23. Therefore, complementary measures are suggested to achieve a suitable current control during all phases of the charging process. The estimated BESS efficiency during the EV fast charging process is 93.3%. The losses caused by the reconfigurable design amount to 1.2% of the provided energy. It is demonstrated that the proposed design has a competitive efficiency compared to a battery buffered fast charging station with DC-DC converter.

ACS Style

Jan Engelhardt; Jan Zepter; Tatiana Gabderakhmanova; Gunnar Rohde; Mattia Marinelli. Double-String Battery System with Reconfigurable Cell Topology Operated as a Fast Charging Station for Electric Vehicles. Energies 2021, 14, 2414 .

AMA Style

Jan Engelhardt, Jan Zepter, Tatiana Gabderakhmanova, Gunnar Rohde, Mattia Marinelli. Double-String Battery System with Reconfigurable Cell Topology Operated as a Fast Charging Station for Electric Vehicles. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan Engelhardt; Jan Zepter; Tatiana Gabderakhmanova; Gunnar Rohde; Mattia Marinelli. 2021. "Double-String Battery System with Reconfigurable Cell Topology Operated as a Fast Charging Station for Electric Vehicles." Energies 14, no. 9: 2414.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2020 in Energies
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The European Commission’s call for energy communities has motivated academia to focus research on design and trading concepts of local electricity markets. The literature provides a wide range of conceptual ideas and analyses on the technical and economic framework of single market features such as peer-to-peer trading. The feasible, system-wide integration of energy communities into existing market structures requires, however, a set of legal adjustments to national regulation. In this paper, we test the implications of recently proposed market designs under the current rules in the context of the German market. The analysis is facilitated by a simplistic equilibrium model representing heterogeneous market participants in an energy community with their respective objectives. We find that, on the one hand, these proposed designs are financially unattractive to prosumers and consumers under the current regulatory framework. On the other hand, they even cause distributional effects within the community when local trade and self-consumption are exempt from taxes. To this end, we introduce a novel market design—Tech4all—that counterbalances these effects. With only few legal amendments, it allows for ownership and participation of renewable technologies for all community members independent of their property structure and affluence. Our presented analysis shows that this design has the potential to mitigate both distributional effects and the avoidance of system service charges, while simultaneously increasing end-user participation.

ACS Style

Alexandra Lüth; Jens Weibezahn; Jan Martin Zepter. On Distributional Effects in Local Electricity Market Designs—Evidence from a German Case Study. Energies 2020, 13, 1993 .

AMA Style

Alexandra Lüth, Jens Weibezahn, Jan Martin Zepter. On Distributional Effects in Local Electricity Market Designs—Evidence from a German Case Study. Energies. 2020; 13 (8):1993.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandra Lüth; Jens Weibezahn; Jan Martin Zepter. 2020. "On Distributional Effects in Local Electricity Market Designs—Evidence from a German Case Study." Energies 13, no. 8: 1993.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2019 in Applied Energy
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This paper investigates the impact of uncertain photovoltaic generation on unit commitment decisions for the German rolling planning procedure employing a large-scale stochastic unit commitment electricity market model (stELMOD). A novel approach to simulate a time-adaptive intra-day photovoltaic forecast, solely based on an exponential smoothing of deviations between realized and forecast values, is presented. Generation uncertainty is then incorporated by numerous multi-stage scenario trees that account for a decreasing forecast error over time. Results show that total system costs significantly increase when uncertainty of both wind and photovoltaic generation is included by a single forecast, with more frequent starting processes of flexible plants and rather inflexible power plants mainly deployed at part-load. Including the improvement of both wind and photovoltaic forecasts by a scenario tree of possible manifestations, the scheduling costs could be significantly reduced in representative weeks for spring and summer. In general, stochastic representations increase the need for congestion management as well as more frequent use of storage in the model, leading to a more realistic depiction of the markets.

ACS Style

Jan Martin Zepter; Jens Weibezahn. Unit commitment under imperfect foresight – The impact of stochastic photovoltaic generation. Applied Energy 2019, 243, 336 -349.

AMA Style

Jan Martin Zepter, Jens Weibezahn. Unit commitment under imperfect foresight – The impact of stochastic photovoltaic generation. Applied Energy. 2019; 243 ():336-349.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan Martin Zepter; Jens Weibezahn. 2019. "Unit commitment under imperfect foresight – The impact of stochastic photovoltaic generation." Applied Energy 243, no. : 336-349.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2018 in Energy and Buildings
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In the energy strategy of the European Union, the end-user is envisioned as a key participant in the future electricity market [16]. Current market designs and business models lack incentives and opportunities for regular electricity consumers (e.g. residential buildings) to become prosumers and actively participate in the market. Incentives should include economic and behavioural motivation beyond subsidised flat feed-in tariffs. Opportunities should allow for active participation of prosumers with relatively modest generation volumes but significant flexibility. In this paper, we propose a framework to integrate prosumer communities into the existing day-ahead and intraday markets. Using a two-stage stochastic programming approach, we incorporate the sequenced decision-making in the wholesale system under uncertainty of renewable generation and spot prices. We focus on the value of peer-to-peer (P2P) trading in the integration of prosumers in the day-ahead and intraday markets and investigate how residential battery storage contributes to local demand side flexibility in an integrated market setting. To this end, we introduce the Smart elecTricity Exchange Platform (STEP) that represents the interface between the wholesale electricity markets and the prosumer communities, and coordinates the community’s operational supply-demand decisions. A study on residential buildings in London show that both P2P trade and battery storage by themselves each induce a reduction of electricity bills by 20%-30%. Combined, P2P trade and battery storage may lead to savings of almost 60%. In other words, we find that peer-to-peer trade and flexibility options such as local storage generate higher levels of the community’s self-sufficiency.

ACS Style

Jan Martin Zepter; Alexandra Lüth; Pedro Crespo del Granado; Ruud Egging. Prosumer integration in wholesale electricity markets: Synergies of peer-to-peer trade and residential storage. Energy and Buildings 2018, 184, 163 -176.

AMA Style

Jan Martin Zepter, Alexandra Lüth, Pedro Crespo del Granado, Ruud Egging. Prosumer integration in wholesale electricity markets: Synergies of peer-to-peer trade and residential storage. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 184 ():163-176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan Martin Zepter; Alexandra Lüth; Pedro Crespo del Granado; Ruud Egging. 2018. "Prosumer integration in wholesale electricity markets: Synergies of peer-to-peer trade and residential storage." Energy and Buildings 184, no. : 163-176.

Journal article
Published: 30 August 2018 in Applied Energy
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Deployment of distributed generation technologies, especially solar photovoltaic, have turned regular consumers into active contributors to the local supply of electricity. This development along with the digitalisation of power distribution grids (smart grids) is setting the scene to a new paradigm: peer-to-peer electricity trading. The design of the features and rules on how to sell or buy electricity locally, however, is in its early stages for microgrids or small communities. Market design research focuses predominantly on established electricity markets and not so much on incentivising local trading. This is partially because concepts of local markets carry distinct features: the diversity and characteristics of distributed generation, the specific rules for local electricity prices, and the role of digitalisation tools to facilitate peer-to-peer trade (e.g. Blockchain). As different local or peer-to-peer energy trading schemes have emerged recently, this paper proposes two market designs centred on the role of electricity storage. That is, we focus on the following questions: What is the value of prosumer batteries in P2P trade?; What market features do battery system configurations need?; and What electricity market design will open the economical potential of end-user batteries? To address these questions, we implement an optimisation model to represent the peer-to-peer interactions in the presence of storage for a small community in London, United Kingdom. We investigate the contribution of batteries located at the customer level versus a central battery shared by the community. Results show that the combined features of trade and flexibility from storage produce savings of up to 31% for the end-users. More than half of the savings comes from cooperation and trading in the community, while the rest is due to battery’s flexibility in balancing supply-demand operations.

ACS Style

Alexandra Lüth; Jan Martin Zepter; Pedro Crespo Del Granado; Rudolf Egging-Bratseth. Local electricity market designs for peer-to-peer trading: The role of battery flexibility. Applied Energy 2018, 229, 1233 -1243.

AMA Style

Alexandra Lüth, Jan Martin Zepter, Pedro Crespo Del Granado, Rudolf Egging-Bratseth. Local electricity market designs for peer-to-peer trading: The role of battery flexibility. Applied Energy. 2018; 229 ():1233-1243.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandra Lüth; Jan Martin Zepter; Pedro Crespo Del Granado; Rudolf Egging-Bratseth. 2018. "Local electricity market designs for peer-to-peer trading: The role of battery flexibility." Applied Energy 229, no. : 1233-1243.