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Xingliang Wang
Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity and College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

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Research article
Published: 27 June 2021 in Pest Management Science
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BACKGROUND Although decoding the molecular mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance has often proven difficult, recent progress has revealed that specific mutations in the ryanodine receptor (RyR) of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, can confer resistance to diamide insecticides. The extent to which specific RyR mutations contribute to the diamide resistance phenotype, the associated genetic traits and fitness costs remain limited. RESULTS Three field-evolved PxRyR mutations (G4946E, I4790M, and I4790K) were respectively introgressed into a common susceptible background strain (IPP-S) of P. xylostella with marker-assisted backcrossing. The mutations alone can result in moderate to high levels of resistance to five commercial diamides (flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, and cyclaniliprole), and the resistance intensity mediated by the three mutations was hierachial in order of I4790K (1199- to >2778-fold) > G4946E (39- to 739-fold) > I4790M (16- to 57-fold). Flubendiamide resistance was autosomal and incompletely recessive, and was significantly linked with the introgressed mutations in the three constructed strains. In addition, the resistance levels to flubendiamide of hybrid progeny from any two resistant strains fell in between the status of their parents. Furthermore, by comparing the net replacement rate, the fitness of 4946E, 4790M and 4790K strains were 0.77, 0.93 and 0.92 relative to the IPP-S strain respectively. CONCLUTION Three independent PxRyR mutations confer varying degrees of resistance to diamides in P. xylostella. Among the three mutations, I4790K confers highest levels of resistance (> 1000-fold) to all five commercial diamides. The findings can guide resistance management practices for diamides in P. xylostella and other arthropods.

ACS Style

Dong Jiang; Cheng Qian; Danhui Wang; Falong Wang; Shan Zhao; Yihua Yang; Simon W. Baxter; Xingliang Wang; Yidong Wu. Varying contributions of three ryanodine receptor point mutations to diamide insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella. Pest Management Science 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Dong Jiang, Cheng Qian, Danhui Wang, Falong Wang, Shan Zhao, Yihua Yang, Simon W. Baxter, Xingliang Wang, Yidong Wu. Varying contributions of three ryanodine receptor point mutations to diamide insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella. Pest Management Science. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dong Jiang; Cheng Qian; Danhui Wang; Falong Wang; Shan Zhao; Yihua Yang; Simon W. Baxter; Xingliang Wang; Yidong Wu. 2021. "Varying contributions of three ryanodine receptor point mutations to diamide insecticide resistance in Plutella xylostella." Pest Management Science , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 13 August 2020 in Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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The diamondback moth Plutella xylostella is a major destructive pest of Brassica worldwide. P. xylostella has evolved resistance to nearly all commercial insecticides used for its control, including the most recent chemical class, diamide insecticides. Several studies show that the G4946E and I4790M mutations of ryanodine receptor (RyR) are strongly associated with diamide resistance in insects. While the pivotal functional role of G4946E in conferring diamide resistance phenotype has confirmed by several studies in different species, no direct evidence has unambiguously confirmed the functional significance of the single I4790M mutation in diamide resistance. Here, we successfully constructed a knockin homozygous strain (I4790M-KI) of P. xylostella using CRISPR/Cas9 coupled with homology directed repair approach to introduce I4790M into RyR. When compared with the background susceptible IPP-S strain, the manipulated I4790M-KI strain exhibited moderate resistance to the phthalic acid diamide flubendiamide (40.5-fold) and low resistance to anthranilic diamides chlorantraniliprole (6.0-fold) and cyantraniliprole (7.7-fold), with no changes to the toxicities of indoxacarb and β-cypermethrin. Furthermore, the acquired flubendiamide resistance was inherited in an autosomally recessive mode and significantly linked with the I4790M mutation of RyR in this I4790M-KI strain. Our findings provide in vivo functional evidence for the causality of I4790M mutation of PxRyR with moderate levels of resistance to flubendiamide in P. xylostella, and support the hypothesis that the diamide classes have different interactions with RyRs.

ACS Style

Xingliang Wang; Xiaowei Cao; Dong Jiang; Yihua Yang; Yidong Wu. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated ryanodine receptor I4790M knockin confers unequal resistance to diamides in Plutella xylostella. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2020, 125, 103453 .

AMA Style

Xingliang Wang, Xiaowei Cao, Dong Jiang, Yihua Yang, Yidong Wu. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated ryanodine receptor I4790M knockin confers unequal resistance to diamides in Plutella xylostella. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2020; 125 ():103453.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xingliang Wang; Xiaowei Cao; Dong Jiang; Yihua Yang; Yidong Wu. 2020. "CRISPR/Cas9 mediated ryanodine receptor I4790M knockin confers unequal resistance to diamides in Plutella xylostella." Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 125, no. : 103453.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2020 in Toxins
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The adoption of transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal crystalline (Cry) proteins has reduced insecticide application, increased yields, and contributed to food safety worldwide. However, the efficacy of transgenic Bt crops is put at risk by the adaptive resistance evolution of target pests. Previous studies indicate that resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A and Cry1F toxins was genetically linked with mutations of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter subfamily C gene ABCC2 in at least seven lepidopteran insects. Several strains selected in the laboratory of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, a destructive pest of corn in Asian Western Pacific countries, developed high levels of resistance to Cry1A and Cry1F toxins. The causality between the O. furnacalis ABCC2 (OfABCC2) gene and resistance to Cry1A and Cry1F toxins remains unknown. Here, we successfully generated a homozygous strain (OfC2-KO) of O. furnacalis with an 8-bp deletion mutation of ABCC2 by the CRISPR/Cas9 approach. The 8-bp deletion mutation results in a frame shift in the open reading frame of transcripts, which produced a predicted protein truncated in the TM4-TM5 loop region. The knockout strain OfC2-KO showed much more than a 300-fold resistance to Cry1Fa, and low levels of resistance to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac (<10-fold), but no significant effects on the toxicities of Cry1Aa and two chemical insecticides (abamectin and chlorantraniliprole), compared to the background NJ-S strain. Furthermore, we found that the Cry1Fa resistance was autosomal, recessive, and significantly linked with the 8-bp deletion mutation of OfABCC2 in the OfC2-KO strain. In conclusion, in vivo functional investigation demonstrates the causality of the OfABCC2 truncating mutation with high-level resistance to the Cry1Fa toxin in O. furnacalis. Our results suggest that the OfABCC2 protein might be a functional receptor for Cry1Fa and reinforces the association of this gene to the mode of action of the Cry1Fa toxin.

ACS Style

Xingliang Wang; Yanjun Xu; Jianlei Huang; Wenzhong Jin; Yihua Yang; Yidong Wu. CRISPR-Mediated Knockout of the ABCC2 Gene in Ostrinia furnacalis Confers High-Level Resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Fa Toxin. Toxins 2020, 12, 246 .

AMA Style

Xingliang Wang, Yanjun Xu, Jianlei Huang, Wenzhong Jin, Yihua Yang, Yidong Wu. CRISPR-Mediated Knockout of the ABCC2 Gene in Ostrinia furnacalis Confers High-Level Resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Fa Toxin. Toxins. 2020; 12 (4):246.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xingliang Wang; Yanjun Xu; Jianlei Huang; Wenzhong Jin; Yihua Yang; Yidong Wu. 2020. "CRISPR-Mediated Knockout of the ABCC2 Gene in Ostrinia furnacalis Confers High-Level Resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Fa Toxin." Toxins 12, no. 4: 246.

Mitogenome announcement
Published: 02 January 2020 in Mitochondrial DNA Part B
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We assembled one mitochondrial genome of Pseudachorutes palmiensis from Illumina sequencing data. The circularized mitochondrial assembly is 17,110 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes, which showed the typical insect mitochondrial gene composition, but had different order with most springtails. The overall base composition is 33.5% for A, 31.7% for T, 22.2% for C, and 12.5% for G. A phylogeny of 10 collembolans showed P. palmiensi was clustered within Neanuridae.

ACS Style

Jie Dong; Feng Zhang; Xingliang Wang. Complete mitochondrial genome of Pseudachorutes palmiensis (Collembola: Neanuridae). Mitochondrial DNA Part B 2020, 5, 394 -395.

AMA Style

Jie Dong, Feng Zhang, Xingliang Wang. Complete mitochondrial genome of Pseudachorutes palmiensis (Collembola: Neanuridae). Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 2020; 5 (1):394-395.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Dong; Feng Zhang; Xingliang Wang. 2020. "Complete mitochondrial genome of Pseudachorutes palmiensis (Collembola: Neanuridae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 5, no. 1: 394-395.

Research article
Published: 22 November 2019 in Pest Management Science
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BACKGROUND The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system provides some advantages over other reverse genetic techniques to investigate the causal relationship between insecticide resistance phenotype and candidate gene. Several studies published to date point to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 subunit strongly associated with spinosyns resistance in insects, including Plutella xylostella. However, reverse genetic verification of the P. xylostella nAChRα6 has not yet been achieved via an in vivo approach. RESULTS Here, we successfully constructed a homozygous strain (Pxα6‐KO) with a 2‐nt deletion mutation of nAChRα6 by CRISPR/Cas9 coupled with non‐homologous end joining approach in P. xylostella. The manipulated mutation results in a frame shift in the open reading frame of transcripts, which produces a predicted protein truncated in the TM3–TM4 loop region. When compared to the background strain IPP‐S, the knockout strain Pxα6‐KO exhibited 229‐ and 1462‐fold resistance to spinosad and spinetoram, respectively, but no or limited (resistance ratios <3‐fold) effects on the toxicities of imidacloprid, abamectin, β‐cypermethrin, indoxacarb, metaflumizone and chlorantraniliprole. Furthermore, the mode of inheritance of the acquired spinetoram resistance was autosomal recessive and significantly linked with the 2‐nt deletion mutation of nAChRα6 in the Pxα6‐KO strain. CONCLUSION In vivo functional investigation demonstrates the causality of the Pxα6 truncating mutation with high levels of resistance to spinosyns in P. xylostella. Our results suggest the Pxα6‐KO strain underlies an autosomal, recessive mode of inheritance for spinetoram resistance, and reinforces the association of this gene to the mode of action of spinosyns. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

ACS Style

Xingliang Wang; Yiming Ma; Falong Wang; Yihua Yang; Shuwen Wu; Yidong Wu. Disruption of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 confers resistance to spinosyns in Plutella xylostella. Pest Management Science 2019, 76, 1618 -1625.

AMA Style

Xingliang Wang, Yiming Ma, Falong Wang, Yihua Yang, Shuwen Wu, Yidong Wu. Disruption of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 confers resistance to spinosyns in Plutella xylostella. Pest Management Science. 2019; 76 (5):1618-1625.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xingliang Wang; Yiming Ma; Falong Wang; Yihua Yang; Shuwen Wu; Yidong Wu. 2019. "Disruption of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 confers resistance to spinosyns in Plutella xylostella." Pest Management Science 76, no. 5: 1618-1625.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2018 in Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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Glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) are found only in invertebrates and mediate fast inhibitory neurotransmission. The structural and functional diversity of GluCls are produced through assembly of multiple subunits and via posttranscriptional alternations. Alternative splicing is the most common way to achieve this in insect GluCls and splicing occurs primarily at exons 3 and 9. As expression pattern and pharmacological properties of exon 9 alternative splices in invertebrate GluCls remain poorly understood, the cDNAs encoding three alternative splice variants (9a, 9b and 9c) of the PxGluCl gene from the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella were constructed and their pharmacological characterizations were examined using electrophysiological studies. Alternative splicing of exon 9 had little to no impact on PxGluCl sensitivity towards the agonist glutamate when subunits were singly or co-expressed in Xenopus oocytes. In contrast, the allosteric modulator abamectin and the chloride channel blocker fipronil had differing effects on PxGluCl splice variants. PxGluCl9c channels were more resistant to abamectin and PxGluCl9b channels were more sensitive to fipronil than other homomeric channels. In addition, heteromeric channels containing different splice variants showed similar sensitivity to abamectin (except for 9c) and reduced sensitivity to fipronil than homomeric channels. These findings suggest that functionally indistinguishable but pharmacologically distinct GluCls could be formed in P. xylostella and that the upregulated constitutive expression of the specific variants may contribute to the evolution of insecticide resistance in P. xylostella and other arthropods.

ACS Style

Xingliang Wang; Andrias O. O´reilly; Martin S. Williamson; Alin M. Puinean; Yihua Yang; Shuwen Wu; Yidong Wu. Function and pharmacology of glutamate-gated chloride channel exon 9 splice variants from the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2018, 104, 58 -64.

AMA Style

Xingliang Wang, Andrias O. O´reilly, Martin S. Williamson, Alin M. Puinean, Yihua Yang, Shuwen Wu, Yidong Wu. Function and pharmacology of glutamate-gated chloride channel exon 9 splice variants from the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2018; 104 ():58-64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xingliang Wang; Andrias O. O´reilly; Martin S. Williamson; Alin M. Puinean; Yihua Yang; Shuwen Wu; Yidong Wu. 2018. "Function and pharmacology of glutamate-gated chloride channel exon 9 splice variants from the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella." Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 104, no. : 58-64.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2018 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
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Extensive planting of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has suppressed some major pests, reduced insecticide sprays, enhanced pest control by natural enemies, and increased grower profits. However, rapid evolution of resistance in pests is reducing these benefits. Better understanding of the genetic basis of resistance to Bt crops is urgently needed to monitor, delay, and counter pest resistance. We discovered that a point mutation in a previously unknown tetraspanin gene in the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), a devastating global pest, confers dominant resistance to Cry1Ac, the sole Bt protein produced by transgenic cotton planted in China. We found the mutation using a genome-wide association study, followed by fine-scale genetic mapping and DNA sequence comparisons between resistant and susceptible strains. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of the tetraspanin gene restored susceptibility to a resistant strain, whereas inserting the mutation conferred 125-fold resistance in a susceptible strain. DNA screening of moths captured from 23 field sites in six provinces of northern China revealed a 100-fold increase in the frequency of this mutation, from 0.001 in 2006 to 0.10 in 2016. The correspondence between the observed trajectory of the mutation and the trajectory predicted from simulation modeling shows that the dominance of the mutation accelerated adaptation. Proactive identification and tracking of the tetraspanin mutation demonstrate the potential for genomic analysis, gene editing, and molecular monitoring to improve management of resistance.

ACS Style

Lin Jin; Jing Wang; Fang Guan; Jianpeng Zhang; Shan Yu; Shaoyan Liu; Yuanyuan Xue; Lingli Li; Shuwen Wu; Xingliang Wang; Yihua Yang; Heba Abdelgaffar; Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes; Bruce E. Tabashnik; Yidong Wu. Dominant point mutation in a tetraspanin gene associated with field-evolved resistance of cotton bollworm to transgenic Bt cotton. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2018, 115, 11760 -11765.

AMA Style

Lin Jin, Jing Wang, Fang Guan, Jianpeng Zhang, Shan Yu, Shaoyan Liu, Yuanyuan Xue, Lingli Li, Shuwen Wu, Xingliang Wang, Yihua Yang, Heba Abdelgaffar, Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes, Bruce E. Tabashnik, Yidong Wu. Dominant point mutation in a tetraspanin gene associated with field-evolved resistance of cotton bollworm to transgenic Bt cotton. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2018; 115 (46):11760-11765.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin Jin; Jing Wang; Fang Guan; Jianpeng Zhang; Shan Yu; Shaoyan Liu; Yuanyuan Xue; Lingli Li; Shuwen Wu; Xingliang Wang; Yihua Yang; Heba Abdelgaffar; Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes; Bruce E. Tabashnik; Yidong Wu. 2018. "Dominant point mutation in a tetraspanin gene associated with field-evolved resistance of cotton bollworm to transgenic Bt cotton." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 46: 11760-11765.

Research article
Published: 29 October 2018 in Pest Management Science
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BACKGROUND Plutella xylostella (L.) is a worldwide pest of crucifer crops. Chlorfenapyr has been used extensively to manage several insect pests in vegetables, including P. xylostella. In this study, 48 field populations were collected from 11 geographic locations of China from 2008 to 2017 for resistance monitoring to chlorfenapyr. Inheritance and synergism of chlorfenapyr resistance were characterised in a field‐derived population. RESULTS Compared with the susceptible SZ strain, 33 of 39 populations collected from Eastern China were susceptible or developed low levels of resistance to chlorfenapyr (< 10‐fold), 5 populations developed middle levels of resistance (11‐ to 33‐fold), and only 1 population had high level resistance (208‐fold). However, 7 of 9 populations sampled from Southern China evolved 136‐ to 334‐fold resistance. Interestingly, the dynamic of LC50s from four continuous sampling sites (NJ, HF, JN and KS) showed a sharp increase in 2009 which implies that adults may have immigrated from chlorfenapyr‐resistant regions. A highly resistant field population (GZ15) was further studied. By crossing the GZ15 and the susceptible SZ strain we showed that resistance to chlorfenapyr was autosomally inherited and incompletely dominant. Synergism bioassays revealed that metabolic detoxification might not be responsible for chlorfenapyr resistance in the GZ15 population. CONCLUSIONS Some field populations of P. xylostella from China have evolved high levels of resistance to chlorfenapyr. Field‐evolved resistance to chlorfenapyr is autosomal and dominant in the GZ15 population. These findings will provide useful information for the design of effective resistance management strategies against P. xylostella in the field. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

ACS Style

Xingliang Wang; Jing Wang; Xiaowei Cao; Falong Wang; Yihua Yang; Shuwen Wu; Yidong Wu. Long-term monitoring and characterization of resistance to chlorfenapyr inPlutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from China. Pest Management Science 2018, 75, 591 -597.

AMA Style

Xingliang Wang, Jing Wang, Xiaowei Cao, Falong Wang, Yihua Yang, Shuwen Wu, Yidong Wu. Long-term monitoring and characterization of resistance to chlorfenapyr inPlutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from China. Pest Management Science. 2018; 75 (3):591-597.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xingliang Wang; Jing Wang; Xiaowei Cao; Falong Wang; Yihua Yang; Shuwen Wu; Yidong Wu. 2018. "Long-term monitoring and characterization of resistance to chlorfenapyr inPlutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from China." Pest Management Science 75, no. 3: 591-597.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2017 in Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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Abamectin is one of the most widely used avermectins for agricultural pests control, but the emergence of resistance around the world is proving a major threat to its sustained application. Abamectin acts by directly activating glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCls) and modulating other Cys-loop ion channels. To date, three mutations occurring in the transmembrane domain of arthropod GluCls are associated with target-site resistance to abamectin: A309V in Plutella xylostella GluCl (PxGluCl), G323D in Tetranychus urticae GluCl1 (TuGluCl1) and G326E in TuGluCl3. To compare the effects of these mutations in a single system, A309V/I/G and G315E (corresponding to G323 in TuGluCl1 and G326 in TuGluCl3) substitutions were introduced individually into the PxGluCl channel. Functional analysis using Xenopus oocytes showed that the A309V and G315E mutations reduced the sensitivity to abamectin by 4.8- and 493-fold, respectively. In contrast, the substitutions A309I/G show no significant effects on the response to abamectin. Interestingly, the A309I substitution increased the channel sensitivity to glutamate by one order of magnitude (∼12-fold). Analysis of PxGluCl homology models indicates that the G315E mutation interferes with abamectin binding through a steric hindrance mechanism. In contrast, the structural consequences of the A309 mutations are not so clear and an allosteric modification of the binding site is the most likely mechanism. Overall the results show that both A309V and G315E mutations may contribute to target-site resistance to abamectin and may be important for the future prediction and monitoring of abamectin resistance in P. xylostella and other arthropod pests.

ACS Style

Xingliang Wang; Alin M. Puinean; Andrias O. O´reilly; Martin S. Williamson; Charles L.C. Smelt; Neil S. Millar; Yidong Wu. Mutations on M3 helix of Plutella xylostella glutamate-gated chloride channel confer unequal resistance to abamectin by two different mechanisms. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2017, 86, 50 -57.

AMA Style

Xingliang Wang, Alin M. Puinean, Andrias O. O´reilly, Martin S. Williamson, Charles L.C. Smelt, Neil S. Millar, Yidong Wu. Mutations on M3 helix of Plutella xylostella glutamate-gated chloride channel confer unequal resistance to abamectin by two different mechanisms. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2017; 86 ():50-57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xingliang Wang; Alin M. Puinean; Andrias O. O´reilly; Martin S. Williamson; Charles L.C. Smelt; Neil S. Millar; Yidong Wu. 2017. "Mutations on M3 helix of Plutella xylostella glutamate-gated chloride channel confer unequal resistance to abamectin by two different mechanisms." Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 86, no. : 50-57.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in BMC Genomics
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Female moths synthesize species-specific sex pheromone components and release them to attract male moths, which depend on precise sex pheromone chemosensory system to locate females. Two types of genes involved in the sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation pathways play essential roles in this important moth behavior. To understand the function of genes in the sex pheromone pathway, this study investigated the genome-wide and digital gene expression of sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation genes in various adult tissues in the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, which is a notorious vegetable pest worldwide. A massive transcriptome data (at least 39.04 Gb) was generated by sequencing 6 adult tissues including male antennae, female antennae, heads, legs, abdomen and female pheromone glands from DBM by using Illumina 4000 next-generation sequencing and mapping to a published DBM genome. Bioinformatics analysis yielded a total of 89,332 unigenes among which 87 transcripts were putatively related to seven gene families in the sex pheromone biosynthesis pathway. Among these, seven [two desaturases (DES), three fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FAR) one acetyltransferase (ACT) and one alcohol dehydrogenase (AD)] were mainly expressed in the pheromone glands with likely function in the three essential sex pheromone biosynthesis steps: desaturation, reduction, and esterification. We also identified 210 odorant-degradation related genes (including sex pheromone-degradation related genes) from seven major enzyme groups. Among these genes, 100 genes are new identified and two aldehyde oxidases (AOXs), one aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), five carboxyl/cholinesterases (CCEs), five UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), eight cytochrome P450 (CYP) and three glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) displayed more robust expression in the antennae, and thus are proposed to participate in the degradation of sex pheromone components and plant volatiles. To date, this is the most comprehensive gene data set of sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation enzyme related genes in DBM created by genome- and transcriptome-wide identification, characterization and expression profiling. Our findings provide a basis to better understand the function of genes with tissue enriched expression. The results also provide information on the genes involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation, and may be useful to identify potential gene targets for pest control strategies by disrupting the insect-insect communication using pheromone-based behavioral antagonists.

ACS Style

Peng He; Yun-Fei Zhang; Duan-Yang Hong; Jun Wang; Xing-Liang Wang; Ling-Hua Zuo; Xian-Fu Tang; Wei-Ming Xu; Ming He. A reference gene set for sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation genes from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, based on genome and transcriptome digital gene expression analyses. BMC Genomics 2017, 18, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Peng He, Yun-Fei Zhang, Duan-Yang Hong, Jun Wang, Xing-Liang Wang, Ling-Hua Zuo, Xian-Fu Tang, Wei-Ming Xu, Ming He. A reference gene set for sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation genes from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, based on genome and transcriptome digital gene expression analyses. BMC Genomics. 2017; 18 (1):1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peng He; Yun-Fei Zhang; Duan-Yang Hong; Jun Wang; Xing-Liang Wang; Ling-Hua Zuo; Xian-Fu Tang; Wei-Ming Xu; Ming He. 2017. "A reference gene set for sex pheromone biosynthesis and degradation genes from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, based on genome and transcriptome digital gene expression analyses." BMC Genomics 18, no. 1: 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 06 February 2016 in Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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Spinosad is a macrocyclic lactone insecticide that acts primarily at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of target insects. Here we describe evidence that high levels of resistance to spinosad in the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) are associated with a three amino acid (3-aa) deletion in the fourth transmembrane domain (TM4) of the nAChR α6 subunit (Pxα6). Following laboratory selection with spinosad, the SZ-SpinR strain of P. xylostella exhibited 940-fold resistance to spinosad. In addition, the selected insect population had 1060-fold cross-resistance to spinetoram but, in contrast, no cross-resistance to abamectin was observed. Genetic analysis indicates that spinosad resistance in SZ-SpinR is inherited as a recessive and autosomal trait, and that the 3-aa deletion (IIA) in TM4 of Pxα6 is tightly linked to spinosad resistance. Because of well-established difficulties in functional expression of cloned insect nAChRs, the analogous resistance-associated deletion mutation was introduced into a prototype nAChR (the cloned human α7 subunit). Two-electrode voltage-clamp recording with wild-type and mutated nAChRs expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that the mutation causes a complete loss of agonist activation. In addition, radioligand binding studies indicated that the 3-aa deletion resulted in significantly lower-affinity binding of the extracellular neurotransmitter-binding site. These findings are consistent with the 3-amino acid (IIA) deletion within the transmembrane domain of Pxα6 being responsible for target-site resistance to spinosad in the SZ-SpinR strain of P. xylostella.

ACS Style

Jing Wang; Xingliang Wang; Stuart J. Lansdell; Jianheng Zhang; Neil S. Millar; Yidong Wu. A three amino acid deletion in the transmembrane domain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 subunit confers high-level resistance to spinosad in Plutella xylostella. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2016, 71, 29 -36.

AMA Style

Jing Wang, Xingliang Wang, Stuart J. Lansdell, Jianheng Zhang, Neil S. Millar, Yidong Wu. A three amino acid deletion in the transmembrane domain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 subunit confers high-level resistance to spinosad in Plutella xylostella. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2016; 71 ():29-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jing Wang; Xingliang Wang; Stuart J. Lansdell; Jianheng Zhang; Neil S. Millar; Yidong Wu. 2016. "A three amino acid deletion in the transmembrane domain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 subunit confers high-level resistance to spinosad in Plutella xylostella." Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 71, no. : 29-36.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2013 in Journal of Economic Entomology
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Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) is a serious insect pest of vegetables worldwide, and has evolved resistance to various kinds of insecticides. Studies were conducted to determine the baseline toxicity of metaflumizone and the possibility of cross-resistance between metaflumizone and indoxacarb, two sodium channel blocking insecticides (SCBIs), in field populations of P. xylostella from China. The variation in susceptibility to metaflumizone among 29 field populations of P. xylostella collected from 14 geographical locations in China was less than five-fold, with 50% lethal concentrations (LC50(s)) varying from 1.34 to 6.55 mg/liter. Limited variations in LC50(s) (less than five-fold, ranging from 1.76 to 8.16 mg/liter) were also observed in the four laboratory-selected strains with high levels of resistance to abamectin, spinosad, fipronil, or Bt toxin Cry1Ac. The toxicity of metaflumizone and indoxacarb was compared among 23 out of the 29 field populations. When compared with the susceptible Roth strain, the JN-09B population showed the highest level of resistance to indoxacarb (110-fold), but two-fold tolerance to metaflumizone. The other 22 populations (with 5- to 58-fold of resistance to indoxacarb) had 1- to three-fold tolerance to metaflumizone. Metaflumizone could provide an effective alternative insecticide for diamondback moth management. Although the field populations of P. xylostella tested with various levels of resistance to indoxacarb did not have cross-resistance to metaflumizone, metaflumizone should be rotated with other chemicals of different modes of action instead of indoxacarb.

ACS Style

Shem K. Khakame; Xingliang Wang; Yidong Wu. Baseline toxicity of metaflumizone and lack of cross resistance between indoxacarb and metaflumizone in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 2013, 106, 1423 -1429.

AMA Style

Shem K. Khakame, Xingliang Wang, Yidong Wu. Baseline toxicity of metaflumizone and lack of cross resistance between indoxacarb and metaflumizone in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 2013; 106 (3):1423-1429.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shem K. Khakame; Xingliang Wang; Yidong Wu. 2013. "Baseline toxicity of metaflumizone and lack of cross resistance between indoxacarb and metaflumizone in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 106, no. 3: 1423-1429.

Journal article
Published: 29 October 2012 in Pest Management Science
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Chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide belong to the new chemical class of diamide insecticides. High levels of resistance to chlorantraniliprole rapidly evolved in field populations of Plutella xylostella from southern China. An investigation was made of diamide cross‐resistance, as well as inheritance, stability and metabolic mechanisms of chlorantraniliprole resistance in field populations of P. xylostella from southern China. Three field populations of P. xylostella collected from southern China in 2011 showed high levels of cross‐resistance between chlorantraniliprole (18–1150‐fold) and flubendiamide (15–800‐fold) when compared with a susceptible reference strain. Genetic analysis showed that chlorantraniliprole resistance in the ZC population was autosomal and incompletely recessive. In the absence of selection pressure, resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the ZC population declined from 2040‐fold (G1) to 25‐fold (G7). The ZC‐R strain (derived by selection from ZC) exhibited 670‐fold resistance to chlorantraniliprole, which is synergised by known metabolic inhibitors such as PBO, DEM and DEF at low levels. Field‐evolved resistance to chlorantraniliprole in P. xylostella confers strong cross‐resistance to flubendiamide, so both compounds should be well separated and not alternated in resistance management strategies. High‐level resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the ZC population was incompletely recessive and not stable. Metabolic detoxification was involved in chlorantraniliprole resistance in the ZC‐R strain to some extent, but target‐site resistance could not be excluded. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

ACS Style

Xingliang Wang; Shem K Khakame; Chao Ye; Yihua Yang; Yidong Wu. Characterisation of field-evolved resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella , from China. Pest Management Science 2012, 69, 661 -665.

AMA Style

Xingliang Wang, Shem K Khakame, Chao Ye, Yihua Yang, Yidong Wu. Characterisation of field-evolved resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella , from China. Pest Management Science. 2012; 69 (5):661-665.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xingliang Wang; Shem K Khakame; Chao Ye; Yihua Yang; Yidong Wu. 2012. "Characterisation of field-evolved resistance to chlorantraniliprole in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella , from China." Pest Management Science 69, no. 5: 661-665.

Evaluation study
Published: 01 June 2010 in Journal of Economic Entomology
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Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), has evolved resistance to various kinds of insecticides in the field. Chlorantraniliprole, which is a new pesticide of the anthranilic diamide group, provides potent and broad-spectrum activity within the insect order Lepidoptera. This insecticide provides a new option for control of P. xylostella populations resistant to other chemicals. The susceptibility of 16 field populations and seven laboratory maintained strains of P. xylostella to chlorantraniliprole were determined through leaf dip bioassay. The susceptibility variation among 16 field populations was low (five-fold), with median lethal concentrations (LC50 values) varying from 0.221 to 1.104 mg/liter. However, wider ranges of variation in LC50 values (10-fold) were observed among seven laboratory strains. Low level tolerance (six- to 10-fold) was detected in two laboratory-selected strains and three field-collected populations when compared with the susceptible Roth strain. A discriminating concentration (15 mg/liter) was calibrated from pooled toxicological data of the 16 field populations, as an important first step in resistance management, for the routine monitoring of resistance in the future. When assessed at the established discriminating dose 15 mg/liter, seven laboratory strains and five field populations showed an average mortality of 99.75% (from 98 to 100%). Synergism assays showed metabolic enzymes might be involved in chlorantraniliprole detoxification in the susceptible Roth strain, but not in the additional observed tolerance of strains selected for resistance with other insecticides.

ACS Style

Xingliang Wang; Xiangyong Li; Aidong Shen; Yidong Wu. Baseline Susceptibility of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Chlorantraniliprole in China. Journal of Economic Entomology 2010, 103, 843 -848.

AMA Style

Xingliang Wang, Xiangyong Li, Aidong Shen, Yidong Wu. Baseline Susceptibility of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Chlorantraniliprole in China. Journal of Economic Entomology. 2010; 103 (3):843-848.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xingliang Wang; Xiangyong Li; Aidong Shen; Yidong Wu. 2010. "Baseline Susceptibility of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Chlorantraniliprole in China." Journal of Economic Entomology 103, no. 3: 843-848.