Many types of polymer nanofibers have been introduced as artificial extracellular matrices. Their controllable properties, such as wettability, surface charge, transparency, elasticity, porosity and surface to volume proportion, have attracted much attention. Moreover, functionalizing polymers with other bioactive components could enable the engineering of microenvironments to host cells for regenerative medical applications. In the current brief review, we focus on the most recently cited electrospun nanofibrous polymeric scaffolds and divide them into five main categories: natural polymer-natural polymer composite, natural polymer-synthetic polymer composite, synthetic polymer-synthetic polymer composite, crosslinked polymers and reinforced polymers with inorganic materials. Then, we focus on their physiochemical, biological and mechanical features and discussed the capability and efficiency of the nanofibrous scaffolds to function as the extracellular matrix to support cellular function.

Electrospinning is considered the most versatile micro‐/nanofiber fabrication technology. The electrospun fibers hold high surface area, desired mechanical properties, controlled topography, as well as the ease of biochemical functionalization. The 3D electrospun fibrous structures closely mimic the hierarchical architecture and fibrous features of the extracellular matrices (ECM), which greatly contribute to biomaterials design to stimulate tissue regeneration. Herein, the recent advances in electrospinning technology for 3D production of ECM‐mimicking biomaterial scaffolds are systematically summarized and the applications in neural, cardiac, bone, skin, and vascularized tissue regeneration are thoroughly discussed. Challenges and future scopes related to each field of tissue regeneration are discussed after each subsection. A few examples of liver, kidney, esophageal tissue engineering are also discussed. Finally, the key challenge in the cost‐effective upscale of the electrospinning technique to mature and prevalent industrial applications is outlined. Herein, a systematic, thorough summary of the recent evolutions in electrospinning and its emerging applications for a broad range of tissue regenerations is provided.