Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary malignant tumor composed of immature myeloid cells. It is strongly associated with a well known or covert acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myeloproliferative diseases or myelodysplastic syndromes. Intraoral MS scarcely occurs. An unusual case of acute myeloid leukaemia, which was diagnosed by mandibular MS that was developed in the alveolar socket after a dental extraction, is reported. The histological examination (including immunohistochemical analysis) of a subsequent biopsy showed infiltration of the oral mucosa by neoplastic cells. This lesion was therefore classified as acute myeloid leukaemia. The patient was referred to oncologists that confirmed the initial diagnosis. The patient underwent chemotherapy and the mandibular tumor disappeared. Forty days later, a relapse of the disease, which appeared as a great-ulcerated lesion, was developed in the hard palate. Thirty days after the second chemotherapy had finished, a new intraoral tumor was developed in the vestibular maxillary gingiva. Review of the literature shows no report of intraoral relapse and particularly multiple relapse of a MS that involves the oral cavity. Even though MS is encountered infrequently in the oral cavity, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of conditions (especially tumors) with a similar clinical appearance.

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (or chickenpox) and establishes latency in nerve ganglia after the primary infection. The reactivation of virus later in life can cause mono- or polyneuropathy. The cranial nerves most commonly involved are five (herpes zoster or shingles), six, seven eight, nine and ten. In the present study we describe the oral lesions associated with VZV infections in normal children. In a 3 year period we examined 62 children, age 2 to 13 years old with diagnosed varicella and a 4 year old boy with herpes zoster at the 3rd branch of the trigeminal nerve. According to the clinical picture of varicella, the disease was defined as: (1) group A mild cases; (2) group B moderate cases; (3) group C severe. The manifestations of varicella were: mild varicella 19 children, moderate 26 children and severe 17 children. The results of the present study indicate that the prevalence of oral manifestations of varicella is related to the severity of the disease. In 17 severe cases, oral lesions were always present and the number was between 5 to 30. From 26 moderate cases, oral lesions were observed in 23 and the number was between 2 to 10. From 19 mild cases, oral lesions were present only in 6 cases and their number was 1 or 2. Often varicella's oral lesions resemble manifestations of other entities, and this may cause differential diagnostics problems.

Matiakis A, et al. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018 Jun;44(3):136-139. https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2018.44.3.136

Methotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite which interferes with DNA synthesis. It is used for the treatment of many diseases, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and various neoplastic diseases. It may cause, among various adverse reactions, oral ulceration and oral mucositis. 3 cases of methotrexate related oral ulcers are reported along with a brief review of the relevant literature.

Backround/Aim: The present paper focuses on examining a case report of an oral lipoma located at the left lower vestibule. Case report: The patient's clinical state was thoroughly studied, along with the findings of histopathological examinations. The surgical treatment and postoperative course are also within the scope of this report. Numerous histogenesis theories and the appropriate tumor treatment are mentioned within the article, being always in accordance with the relative literature. Conclusions: Oral lipoma is a benign not very rare neoplasm, which occurs most commonly in adult males. The surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The diagnosis must always be established by histological examination.