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There is no specialized equipment designed to spread granular cylindrical organic fertilizer in the soil. There are also no rational recommendations available on how to spread this type of fertilizer. Mineral fertilizer spreaders are most often used for spreading granulated organic fertilizer. However, these fertilizers are significantly different from mineral fertilizers. Due to these differences, organic granular fertilizers often are spread unevenly, and the fertilizer does not reach the required working width. Furthermore, the rate of spreading is not accurate, and the fertilizer is often crushed too much. The objective of this research is to develop a simulation model for granular organic fertilizer applications with a centrifugal spreader in EDEM (extended distinct element method) software. It is possible to develop a numerical model that corresponds to a real spreader, and to determine the key physical–mechanical parameters for the application of granular organic fertilizer. This model can also be used for evaluating the transverse uniformity of the fertilizer in the field (along the trajectory normal to the machine). The results of this research show that the distance traveled by the fertilizer granules partially depends on the particle size, initial speed, type of fertilizer and the parameters of the spinning discs of the spreader.
Raimonda Zinkevičienė; Eglė Jotautienė; Antanas Juostas; Antonio Comparetti; Edvardas Vaiciukevičius. Simulation of Granular Organic Fertilizer Application by Centrifugal Spreader. Agronomy 2021, 11, 247 .
AMA StyleRaimonda Zinkevičienė, Eglė Jotautienė, Antanas Juostas, Antonio Comparetti, Edvardas Vaiciukevičius. Simulation of Granular Organic Fertilizer Application by Centrifugal Spreader. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):247.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaimonda Zinkevičienė; Eglė Jotautienė; Antanas Juostas; Antonio Comparetti; Edvardas Vaiciukevičius. 2021. "Simulation of Granular Organic Fertilizer Application by Centrifugal Spreader." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 247.
A four-ball extreme pressure test has been performed to study and evaluate the tribotechnical properties of motor oils. The studies have shown that the tribotechnical properties of the engine oil stored in the crankcase during the winter period exhibit a significant change. The average ball wear level has shown a 40% increase compared with that observed in the case of new oil. The average ball wear diameter for the oil samples taken from the combine engines in autumn amounted to 0.5 mm, whereas the average ball wear diameter for the oil samples taken from combine engines in spring amounted to 0.7 mm. When testing new semisynthetic engine oil, the average ball wear diameter varied within 0.48 ± 0.04 mm. It is assumed that the boundary layer formed by the oil is weaker, which causes an increase in the risk of its breaking and sealing the friction pores.
A. Juostas; E. Jotautienė; C. Greco. Experimental Evaluation of the Tribotechnical Properties of Engine Oils for Combine Harvesters. Journal of Friction and Wear 2021, 42, 11 -16.
AMA StyleA. Juostas, E. Jotautienė, C. Greco. Experimental Evaluation of the Tribotechnical Properties of Engine Oils for Combine Harvesters. Journal of Friction and Wear. 2021; 42 (1):11-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Juostas; E. Jotautienė; C. Greco. 2021. "Experimental Evaluation of the Tribotechnical Properties of Engine Oils for Combine Harvesters." Journal of Friction and Wear 42, no. 1: 11-16.
The article analyses and evaluates the possibilities of using oak bark, oak leaves, and their mixtures for biofuel. The preparation of this waste for the burning process (milling, granulation) has been investigated and the results have been presented together with the analysis of the prepared granules’ properties—humidity, density, strength, elemental composition, ash content, caloric value, and others. The moisture content of the oak waste granules ranged from 8.1% to 12.5%, and the granules’ density ranged from 975.8 to 1122.2 kg m−3 DM (dry matter). The amount of oak ash found was very high (from 10.4% to 14.7%)—about 10 times higher than that of wood waste granules. The calorific value determined after burning the oak bark and leaves pellets was sufficiently high, ranging from 17.3 to 17.7 MJ kg−1. This thermal value of oak waste granules was close to the calorific value of the herbaceous plant species and some types of wood waste. The environmental impact of burning the granules of oak waste was also assessed. The harmful emissions of carbon monoxide and dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburnt hydrocarbons into the environment were found to be below the permissible limits for the incineration of oak waste granules. The highest CO gas concentration, determined when burning the oak leaves, was 1187.70 mg m−3, and the lowest NOx concentration, determined when burning the oak bark and leaf mixture granules, was 341.2 mg m−3. The coefficient of energy efficiency R of the granulated oak leaves biofuel, when the oak waste biomass moisture content was reduced by 10%, reached 3.64. It was very similar to the results of previous studies of various types of granulated straw biofuel (3.5–3.7). The research results presented show that, given that the main parameters of oak waste meet the basic requirements of solid biofuel, oak bark, leaves, and their mixture can be recommended to be used as solid biofuels.
Algirdas Jasinskas; Ramūnas Mieldažys; Eglė Jotautienė; Rolandas Domeika; Edvardas Vaiciukevičius; Marek Marks. Technical, Environmental, and Qualitative Assessment of the Oak Waste Processing and Its Usage for Energy Conversion. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8113 .
AMA StyleAlgirdas Jasinskas, Ramūnas Mieldažys, Eglė Jotautienė, Rolandas Domeika, Edvardas Vaiciukevičius, Marek Marks. Technical, Environmental, and Qualitative Assessment of the Oak Waste Processing and Its Usage for Energy Conversion. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlgirdas Jasinskas; Ramūnas Mieldažys; Eglė Jotautienė; Rolandas Domeika; Edvardas Vaiciukevičius; Marek Marks. 2020. "Technical, Environmental, and Qualitative Assessment of the Oak Waste Processing and Its Usage for Energy Conversion." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8113.
Eglė Jotautienė. P. Baltrėno ir E. Baltrėnaitės monografijos „SmalL Bioreactors for Management of Biodegrabable Waste„ apžvalga. Agricultural Engineering 2020, 51, 32 -36.
AMA StyleEglė Jotautienė. P. Baltrėno ir E. Baltrėnaitės monografijos „SmalL Bioreactors for Management of Biodegrabable Waste„ apžvalga. Agricultural Engineering. 2020; 51 ():32-36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEglė Jotautienė. 2020. "P. Baltrėno ir E. Baltrėnaitės monografijos „SmalL Bioreactors for Management of Biodegrabable Waste„ apžvalga." Agricultural Engineering 51, no. : 32-36.
A need for the disposal of poultry manure and the reduction of its impact on the environment encourages the search for cleaner and more efficient ways to utilize and recycle production waste. It is known that granulated ash and manure are the most effective alternatives for ash and manure recycling, as compared to the unprocessed product. This paper presents an investigation of ash and poultry manure recycling for granulated fertilizers. Accepted standard experimental methods were used. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the granules, elemental composition ratio, and the process of compression of the raw material mill were determined experimentally. This research shows that, when a higher ash concentration was determined, the initial bulk density was larger and the density and pressure in the granulation process increases faster. The content of ash in the raw material increased granule strength; however, when increasing the ash mass in the raw material from 25% to 50%, energy consumption increased from 6.59 kJ·kg−1 to 17.72 kJ·kg−1. The process of compression of the raw material mill was obtained in two stages. In the first stage of compression, the mass density varied from 3–11 kg·m−3 and the pressure varied from 1.25–8.27 MPa. In the second pressure stage, the mass deformation was elastic and the pressure process was described by indicator functions.
Ramūnas Mieldažys; Eglė Jotautienė; Algirdas Jasinskas. The Opportunities of Sustainable Biomass Ashes and Poultry Manure Recycling for Granulated Fertilizers. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4466 .
AMA StyleRamūnas Mieldažys, Eglė Jotautienė, Algirdas Jasinskas. The Opportunities of Sustainable Biomass Ashes and Poultry Manure Recycling for Granulated Fertilizers. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (16):4466.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamūnas Mieldažys; Eglė Jotautienė; Algirdas Jasinskas. 2019. "The Opportunities of Sustainable Biomass Ashes and Poultry Manure Recycling for Granulated Fertilizers." Sustainability 11, no. 16: 4466.