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Dr Nghiem is a health economist, who has been active in the field of applied econometrics on health for more than 10 years, collaborating widely in health economics, public health and development economics. One noticeable impact of Dr Nghiem’s research is the development of the Classification of Hospital-Acquired Diagnosis. Dr Nghiem is currently leading various research project on cardiovascular disease, including the development of a disease progression model for heart attack using a multi-state hidden Markov model and estimation of a hospital frailty risk score and assess its ability to predict adverse health outcomes in Australia.
The history of humankind witnessed a continual improvement of living standards. The introduction of agriculture stabled our food supplies. The industrial revolution eradicated hunger and reduced poverty across the globe. During the development process, human also reached the capacity to create substantial impacts on the environment, which has created adverse effects on our health. We believe that technological progress will enable us to achieve a balance between health, income and the environment. In this study, we test the club convergence hypothesis using data on economic development, health and environment of 36 OECD countries during the 1990–2015 period. Using the club convergence test, we found significant evidence of overall convergence only in the emission of two air pollutants: Carbon monoxide and Nitrogen oxides. However, groups of countries have converged in all three aspects. Also, our panel data analysis showed that improving human capital is crucial for the synergy between good health, clean environment and positive economic growth.
Son Nghiem; Bach Tran; Clifford Afoakwah; Joshua Byrnes; Paul Scuffham. Wealthy, healthy and green: Are we there yet? World Development 2021, 147, 105628 .
AMA StyleSon Nghiem, Bach Tran, Clifford Afoakwah, Joshua Byrnes, Paul Scuffham. Wealthy, healthy and green: Are we there yet? World Development. 2021; 147 ():105628.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSon Nghiem; Bach Tran; Clifford Afoakwah; Joshua Byrnes; Paul Scuffham. 2021. "Wealthy, healthy and green: Are we there yet?" World Development 147, no. : 105628.
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI), remains one of the leading causes of death and disability globally but publications on the progression of MI using data from the real world are limited. Multistate models have been widely used to estimate transition rates between disease states to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions. We apply a Bayesian multistate hidden Markov model to investigate the progression of MI using a longitudinal dataset from Queensland, Australia. Objective: To apply a new model to investigate the progression of myocardial infarction (MI) and to show the potential to use administrative data for economic evaluation and modeling disease progression. Methods: The cohort includes 135,399 patients admitted to public hospitals in Queensland, Australia, in 2010 treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Any subsequent hospitalizations of these patients were followed until 2015. This study focused on the sub-cohort of 8705 patients hospitalized for MI. We apply a Bayesian multistate hidden Markov model to estimate transition rates between health states of MI patients and adjust for delayed enrolment biases and misclassification errors. We also estimate the association between age, sex, and ethnicity with the progression of MI. Results: On average, the risk of developing Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) was 8.7%, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was 4.3%. The risk varied with age, sex, and ethnicity. The progression rates to STEMI or NSTEMI were higher among males, Indigenous, or elderly patients. For example, the risk of STEMI among males was 4.35%, while the corresponding figure for females was 3.71%. After adjustment for misclassification, the probability of STEMI increased by 1.2%, while NSTEMI increased by 1.4%. Conclusions: This study shows that administrative health data were useful to estimate factors determining the risk of MI and the progression of this health condition. It also shows that misclassification may cause the incidence of MI to be under-estimated.
Son Nghiem; Jonathan Williams; Clifford Afoakwah; Quan Huynh; Shu-Kay Ng; Joshua Byrnes. Can Administrative Health Data Improve the Gold Standard? Evidence from a Model of the Progression of Myocardial Infarction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7385 .
AMA StyleSon Nghiem, Jonathan Williams, Clifford Afoakwah, Quan Huynh, Shu-Kay Ng, Joshua Byrnes. Can Administrative Health Data Improve the Gold Standard? Evidence from a Model of the Progression of Myocardial Infarction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (14):7385.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSon Nghiem; Jonathan Williams; Clifford Afoakwah; Quan Huynh; Shu-Kay Ng; Joshua Byrnes. 2021. "Can Administrative Health Data Improve the Gold Standard? Evidence from a Model of the Progression of Myocardial Infarction." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7385.
Background Despite recent evidence on the effect of frailty on health outcomes among those with heart failure, there is a dearth of knowledge on measuring frailty using administrative health data on a wide range of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Methods We conducted a retrospective record-linkage cohort study of patients with diverse CVD in Queensland, Australia. We investigated the relationship between the risk of frailty, defined using the hospital frailty risk score (HFRS), and 30-day mortality, 30-day unplanned readmission, non-home discharge, length of hospital stay (LOS) at an emergency department and inpatient units and costs of hospitalisation. Descriptive analysis, bivariate logistic regression and generalised linear models were used to estimate the association between HFRS and CVD outcomes. Smear adjustment was applied to hospital costs and the LOS for each frailty risk groups. Results The proportion of low, medium and high risk of frailty was 24.6%, 34.5% and 40.9%, respectively. The odds of frail patients dying or being readmitted within 30 days of discharge was 1.73 and 1.18, respectively. Frail patients also faced higher odds of LOS, and non-home discharge at 3.1 and 2.25, respectively. Frail patients incurred higher hospital costs (by 42.7–55.3%) and stayed in the hospital longer (by 49%). Conclusion Using the HFRS on a large CVD cohort, this study confirms that frailty was associated with worse health outcomes and higher healthcare costs. Administrative data should be more accessible to research such that the HFRS can be applied to healthcare planning and patient care.
Son Nghiem; Clifford Afoakwah; Paul Scuffham; Joshua Byrnes. Hospital frailty risk score and adverse health outcomes: evidence from longitudinal record linkage cardiac data. Age And Ageing 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleSon Nghiem, Clifford Afoakwah, Paul Scuffham, Joshua Byrnes. Hospital frailty risk score and adverse health outcomes: evidence from longitudinal record linkage cardiac data. Age And Ageing. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSon Nghiem; Clifford Afoakwah; Paul Scuffham; Joshua Byrnes. 2021. "Hospital frailty risk score and adverse health outcomes: evidence from longitudinal record linkage cardiac data." Age And Ageing , no. : 1.
Consumer’s understanding of health risks is a key determinant of effective risk communication about health care options. Individuals make decisions about their health under uncertainty, yet the influence of risk perception, risk preferences and information processing has not been well researched in the health economics literature. Here, a novel extension of the standard discrete choice experiment framework is developed to investigate the effect of a “risk shock” (the difference between an individual’s perceived risk and updated information) on consumption and health care decisions. In the experiment, consumers were asked to evaluate a basket of health service and lifestyle choices to lower cardiovascular risk. While most individuals, on average, aim to lower their CVD risk to a level of 1.37% points below the updated information provided, the response was asymmetrical, whereby the response to a “negative shock” was less than a “positive shock”. Furthermore, we find evidence that risk perception, rather than risk preferences, are more likely to affect consumer health and behaviour changes. Given the global pandemic of CVD, these findings suggest there are public health gains to be made from personalised risk communication if it is better tailored to account for individuals’ preferences and risk perception.
Jean Spinks; Son Nghiem; Joshua Byrnes. Risky business, healthy lives: how risk perception, risk preferences and information influence consumer’s risky health choices. The European Journal of Health Economics 2021, 22, 811 -831.
AMA StyleJean Spinks, Son Nghiem, Joshua Byrnes. Risky business, healthy lives: how risk perception, risk preferences and information influence consumer’s risky health choices. The European Journal of Health Economics. 2021; 22 (5):811-831.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJean Spinks; Son Nghiem; Joshua Byrnes. 2021. "Risky business, healthy lives: how risk perception, risk preferences and information influence consumer’s risky health choices." The European Journal of Health Economics 22, no. 5: 811-831.
Objectives To estimate the incidence-based, lifetime costs of health care and productivity losses associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) using hospital admission data from Queensland, Australia. Methods Retrospective analysis of data on CVD health care use sourced from Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection (QHAPDC), Emergency Department Data Collection (EDDC), Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). Costs were estimated from the societal perspective. Study participants included patients who were first admitted to any Queensland hospital in 2010 for a CVD-related treatment. Subsequent admissions of these patients were followed until December 2015. The present value of incidence-based lifetime costs per patient were used to estimate the total costs for Australia. All costs were presented in Australian dollars at 2019 prices. Results The estimated lifetime health care cost of CVD was $65,700 per person. Productivity loss cost was higher at $75,200 per person, and total indirect lifetime costs were $140,900 per person. Scaling these costs up for the Australian population, the estimated incidence-based lifetime CVD costs for Australia were $60.5 billion ($28.2 billion in direct costs and $32.3 billion in indirect costs). Conclusions Incidence-based lifetime indirect costs of CVD were higher than the direct costs. The life-time cost structure suggests that economic benefits of health care interventions for cardiovascular diseases from a societal perspective should be at least twice as large than that from a health service perspective.
Son Nghiem; Clifford Afoakwah; Joshua Byrnes; Paul Scuffham. Lifetime Costs of Hospitalised Cardiovascular Disease in Australia: An Incidence-Based Estimate. Heart, Lung and Circulation 2021, 30, 1207 -1212.
AMA StyleSon Nghiem, Clifford Afoakwah, Joshua Byrnes, Paul Scuffham. Lifetime Costs of Hospitalised Cardiovascular Disease in Australia: An Incidence-Based Estimate. Heart, Lung and Circulation. 2021; 30 (8):1207-1212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSon Nghiem; Clifford Afoakwah; Joshua Byrnes; Paul Scuffham. 2021. "Lifetime Costs of Hospitalised Cardiovascular Disease in Australia: An Incidence-Based Estimate." Heart, Lung and Circulation 30, no. 8: 1207-1212.
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-assisted smartphone applications in the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was performed in two urban outpatient clinics in Hanoi from May to December 2019. A simple random sampling method and a structured questionnaire were used to recruit 495 eligible participants and to collect data. Multivariable modified Poisson regression and multivariable linear regression models were employed to investigate the factors associated with the willingness to pay (WTP) and amount of money patients were willing to pay. Approximately 82.8% of respondents were willing to pay for the hypothetical applications, with the mean amount the participants were willing to pay of Vietnam Dong (VND) 72,100/month. Marital status (separate/divorced/widow: Odds ratio (OR) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (1.09; 1.50) and having spouse/partner: OR = 1.18, 95% CI = (1.03; 1.36)) and using health services (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = (1.01; 1.04)) were positively associated with nominating they would be WTP for the app, whereas the duration of antiretroviral treatment (ART) (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = (0.96; 0.99)) had a negative association. The frequency of using health services (β = 0.04, 95% CI = (−0.07; −0.01)) was negatively associated with the amount of WTP. High levels of WTP revealed the feasibility of implementing smartphone-based apps for HIV treatment. This study implied the necessity to consider a co-payment system to reach populations who were in need but where such applications may be unaffordable in lieu of other treatment-associated expenses. Developers also need to pay attention to privacy features to attract single people living with HIV/AIDS and additional measures to initiate people with a long duration on ART into using the applications.
Thu Bui; Men Hoang; Toan Ngo; Cuong Do; Son Nghiem; Joshua Byrnes; Dung Phung; Trang Nguyen; Giang Vu; Hoa Do; Carl Latkin; Roger Ho; Cyrus Ho. Smartphone Use and Willingness to Pay for HIV Treatment-Assisted Smartphone Applications among HIV-Positive Patients in Urban Clinics of Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1467 .
AMA StyleThu Bui, Men Hoang, Toan Ngo, Cuong Do, Son Nghiem, Joshua Byrnes, Dung Phung, Trang Nguyen, Giang Vu, Hoa Do, Carl Latkin, Roger Ho, Cyrus Ho. Smartphone Use and Willingness to Pay for HIV Treatment-Assisted Smartphone Applications among HIV-Positive Patients in Urban Clinics of Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1467.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThu Bui; Men Hoang; Toan Ngo; Cuong Do; Son Nghiem; Joshua Byrnes; Dung Phung; Trang Nguyen; Giang Vu; Hoa Do; Carl Latkin; Roger Ho; Cyrus Ho. 2021. "Smartphone Use and Willingness to Pay for HIV Treatment-Assisted Smartphone Applications among HIV-Positive Patients in Urban Clinics of Vietnam." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1467.
Productivity and efficiency analysis have gained substantial attention in many industries over the last two decades, and stochastic frontier analysis has been one of the most popular analytical approaches. The abundant model choices in stochastic frontier analysis make it difficult to select the best option and compare studies. The main purpose of this study is to examine the sensitivity of technical and scale efficiency estimates to choices around input-output combinations, functional forms, distributional assumptions and estimation methods in stochastic frontier analysis, using data from an Australian fishery to illustrate these effects. We estimated 252 stochastic frontier models using combinations of variable choice, functional form and distributional assumptions. A second stage analysis was conducted to examine the effects of model choices on statistical properties of technical and scale efficiency. The results show that estimates of technical and scale efficiency are most sensitive to distributional assumptions and the choice of time effects. In particular, the assumption of time-invariant efficiency produced significantly higher technical efficiency (20 percentage points) and scale efficiency (8 percentage points) scores than time-varying efficiency models in our analysis. We also find that the choice of fixed input variables can significantly affect the average efficiency estimates, by as much as 5 percentage points, but mean efficiency was not significantly affected by the choice of variable inputs. Our findings suggest that caution should be taken when comparing findings of stochastic frontier studies using different distributional and fixed input assumptions.
Quang Van Nguyen; Sean Pascoe; Louisa Coglan; Son Nghiem. The sensitivity of efficiency scores to input and other choices in stochastic frontier analysis: an empirical investigation. Journal of Productivity Analysis 2021, 55, 31 -40.
AMA StyleQuang Van Nguyen, Sean Pascoe, Louisa Coglan, Son Nghiem. The sensitivity of efficiency scores to input and other choices in stochastic frontier analysis: an empirical investigation. Journal of Productivity Analysis. 2021; 55 (1):31-40.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQuang Van Nguyen; Sean Pascoe; Louisa Coglan; Son Nghiem. 2021. "The sensitivity of efficiency scores to input and other choices in stochastic frontier analysis: an empirical investigation." Journal of Productivity Analysis 55, no. 1: 31-40.
Objectives Despite the proximity and high travel flows with China, Vietnam has been able to contain the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study describes the characteristics of COVID-19 infections in Vietnam and policy responses to identify potential factors contributing to the relative success of Vietnam in containing this pandemic. Methods Narrative analyses were applied to describe the pandemic and policy responses. Descriptive statistics, generalized linear regression and a susceptible-infected-recovered model, were used to explore the effectiveness of Vietnamese policy responses to COVD-19. Results To date, Vietnam is one of the few countries that have successfully control the spread of COVID-19. At the 26 October 2020, Vietnam has 1169 infected cases of COVID-19, of which 1061 people recovered, and 35 people died from the disease. COVID-19 infected patients in Vietnam were relatively younger than those in other countries with an average age of 36. Most of the infected cases were from international travels. Policy responses from Vietnam were implemented early and strictly. Conclusions Despite the proximity to China, where COVID-19 emerged, Vietnam has experienced a small number of COVID-19 infections and fatalities, compared with other countries. Most infected patients were relatively young and exposure was attributed to international travel. Early policy interventions were the main factors that contributed to the success of Vietnam to date.
Quang Van Nguyen; Dung Anh Cao; Son Hong Nghiem. Spread of COVID-19 and policy responses in Vietnam: An overview. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020, 103, 157 -161.
AMA StyleQuang Van Nguyen, Dung Anh Cao, Son Hong Nghiem. Spread of COVID-19 and policy responses in Vietnam: An overview. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020; 103 ():157-161.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQuang Van Nguyen; Dung Anh Cao; Son Hong Nghiem. 2020. "Spread of COVID-19 and policy responses in Vietnam: An overview." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 103, no. : 157-161.
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the global health problems that cause a substantial burden for the patients and the society. Assessing the Quality of Life (QOL) of CVD patients is critical in the effectiveness evaluation of CVD treatments as well as in determining potential areas for enhancing health outcomes. Through the adoption of a combination of bibliometric approach and content analysis, publications trend and the common topics regarding interventions to improve QOL of CVD patients were searched and characterized to inform priority setting and policy development. Methods Bibliographic data of publications published from 1990 to 2018 on interventions to improve QOL of CVD patients were retrieved from Web of Science. Network graphs illustrating the terms co-occurrence clusters were created by VOSviewer software. Latent Dirichlet Allocation approach was adopted to classify papers into major research topics. Results A total of 6457 papers was analyzed. We found a substantial increase in the number of publications, citations, and the number of download times of papers in the last 5 years. There has been a rise in the number of papers related to intervention to increase quality of life among patients with CVD during 1990–2018. Conventional therapies (surgery and medication), and psychological, behavioral interventions were common research topics. Meanwhile, the number of papers evaluating economic effectiveness has not been as high as that of other topics. Conclusions The research areas among the scientific studies emphasized the importance of interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral approaches in both evaluation and intervention. Future research should be a focus on economic evaluation of intervention as well as interventions to reduce mental issues among people with CVD.
Bach Xuan Tran; Son Nghiem; Clifford Afoakwah; Giang Hai Ha; Linh Phuong Doan; Thao Phuong Nguyen; Tuan Thanh Le; Carl A. Latkin; Cyrus S. H. Ho; Roger C. M. Ho. Global mapping of interventions to improve the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases during 1990–2018. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2020, 18, 1 -10.
AMA StyleBach Xuan Tran, Son Nghiem, Clifford Afoakwah, Giang Hai Ha, Linh Phuong Doan, Thao Phuong Nguyen, Tuan Thanh Le, Carl A. Latkin, Cyrus S. H. Ho, Roger C. M. Ho. Global mapping of interventions to improve the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases during 1990–2018. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2020; 18 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBach Xuan Tran; Son Nghiem; Clifford Afoakwah; Giang Hai Ha; Linh Phuong Doan; Thao Phuong Nguyen; Tuan Thanh Le; Carl A. Latkin; Cyrus S. H. Ho; Roger C. M. Ho. 2020. "Global mapping of interventions to improve the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases during 1990–2018." Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 18, no. 1: 1-10.
Health personnel and community workers are at the front line of the COVID-19 emergency response and need to be equipped with adequate knowledge related to epidemics for an effective response. This study aimed to identify the coverage of COVID-19 health information via different sources accessed by health workers and community workers in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study using a web-based survey was carried out from January to February 2020 in Vietnam. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used for recruiting participants. We utilized the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to examine the construct validity of the questionnaire. A higher percentage of participants knew about “Clinical and pathogen characteristics of COVID-19”, compared to “Regulations and policies related to COVID-19”. The percentage of participants accessing the information on “Guidelines and policies on prevention and control of COVID-19” was the lowest, especially among medical students. “Mass media and peer-educators” channels had a higher score of accessing COVID-19 information, compared to “Organizations/ agencies/ associations” sources. Participants consumed most of their COVID-19 information via “Internet, online newspapers, social networks”. Our findings indicate an urgency to re-design training programs and communication activities for a more effective dissemination of information related to the COVID-19 epidemic or epidemics in general.
Bach Xuan Tran; Anh Kim Dang; Phong Khanh Thai; Huong Thi Le; Xuan Thanh Thi Le; Toan Thanh Thi Do; Tu Huu Nguyen; Hai Quang Pham; Hai Thanh Phan; Giang Thu Vu; Dung Tri Phung; Son Hong Nghiem; Thu Ha Nguyen; Trung Dinh Tran; Khanh Nam Do; Dat Van Truong; Giap Van Vu; Carl A. Latkin; Roger C.M. Ho; Cyrus S.H. Ho. Coverage of Health Information by Different Sources in Communities: Implication for COVID-19 Epidemic Response. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3577 .
AMA StyleBach Xuan Tran, Anh Kim Dang, Phong Khanh Thai, Huong Thi Le, Xuan Thanh Thi Le, Toan Thanh Thi Do, Tu Huu Nguyen, Hai Quang Pham, Hai Thanh Phan, Giang Thu Vu, Dung Tri Phung, Son Hong Nghiem, Thu Ha Nguyen, Trung Dinh Tran, Khanh Nam Do, Dat Van Truong, Giap Van Vu, Carl A. Latkin, Roger C.M. Ho, Cyrus S.H. Ho. Coverage of Health Information by Different Sources in Communities: Implication for COVID-19 Epidemic Response. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (10):3577.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBach Xuan Tran; Anh Kim Dang; Phong Khanh Thai; Huong Thi Le; Xuan Thanh Thi Le; Toan Thanh Thi Do; Tu Huu Nguyen; Hai Quang Pham; Hai Thanh Phan; Giang Thu Vu; Dung Tri Phung; Son Hong Nghiem; Thu Ha Nguyen; Trung Dinh Tran; Khanh Nam Do; Dat Van Truong; Giap Van Vu; Carl A. Latkin; Roger C.M. Ho; Cyrus S.H. Ho. 2020. "Coverage of Health Information by Different Sources in Communities: Implication for COVID-19 Epidemic Response." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3577.
Frailty is an increasingly common health condition and is seen more often due to the ageing population. This study reviews the evidence on the development and validation of these automated frailty measurement tools. Six databases: PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were electronically searched. Selected studies must have developed and validated a new frailty measurement tool using administrative health data and published results in a peer-reviewed, English-language journal. Selected studies were synthesized narratively. The review focused on large scale studies using administrative health data in developed countries. Participants included older people aged 65 years and above. The main measures of review studies include discrimination power and the prediction ability of adverse health outcomes; performance against established frailty measures; and validation records. Five studies were selected for narrative synthesis after screening the full-text. All frailty measurement tools in the selected five studies produced strong discrimination power with C-statistics ranging from 0.61−97. Two studies were independently validated in studies by other authors or conducted in other locations; one study developed an early prediction model, and no study has been applied in practice. Automated frailty measurement tools using administrative health data are still in the early development stage with five tools developed since 2016. Selected studies have strong prediction of adverse health outcomes. Future studies should include validation and refinement of these tools in other countries and assessment of their clinical utility and capacity to inform cost-effective policy and practice.
Son Nghiem; Disna Sajeewani; Katrina Henderson; Clifford Afoakwah; Joshua Byrnes; Wendy Moyle; Paul Scuffham. Development of frailty measurement tools using administrative health data: A systematic review. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2020, 89, 104102 .
AMA StyleSon Nghiem, Disna Sajeewani, Katrina Henderson, Clifford Afoakwah, Joshua Byrnes, Wendy Moyle, Paul Scuffham. Development of frailty measurement tools using administrative health data: A systematic review. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2020; 89 ():104102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSon Nghiem; Disna Sajeewani; Katrina Henderson; Clifford Afoakwah; Joshua Byrnes; Wendy Moyle; Paul Scuffham. 2020. "Development of frailty measurement tools using administrative health data: A systematic review." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 89, no. : 104102.
Queensland is Australia's hotspot for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Critically, beyond modifiable lifestyle risk factors; socio-demographic differences and environmental factors account for significant variations in healthcare use and outcomes among cardiac patients across the country. To better understand the impacts of these factors on the health of cardiac patients, there is a need for a comprehensive and robust longitudinal cohort study that can unpack the underlying dynamics. This paper describes the protocol for the Queensland Cardiovascular Linkage (QCard) Study. The QCard is a longitudinal linkage cohort study of cardiac patients who were first hospitalised with any cardiac condition in 2010, with follow up hospitalisations until December 2015. The primary aim of the QCard is to identify and characterise the nature and impact of socio-demographic inequality among those presenting for the first time with the most common form of CVD in Australia (heart disease) in Queensland from 2010 with minimum 5-years follow-up of subsequent healthcare utilisation and outcomes. A secondary aim is to undertake an exploration of the impact of environmental and specific health service factors on healthcare use and survival time in the same QCard cohort. Administrative public and private hospital inpatient, outpatient and emergency department data for all of Queensland will be linked with individual primary care data and pharmaceutical data. These data will also be linked to regional socio-demographic data and environmental data, as well as data that describes the features of each hospital in the region. The findings from the study will provide critical information for cardiac patients, clinicians and health policymakers. Such information ranges from identifying most vulnerable cardiac patients who may require targeted needs to providing estimates for cost-effective ways of evaluating healthcare interventions that seek to improve the health of cardiac patients.
Joshua Byrnes; Son Nghiem; Clifford Afoakwah; Paul A. Scuffham. Queensland Cardiovascular Data Linkage (QCard): A population-based cohort study. F1000Research 2020, 9, 282 .
AMA StyleJoshua Byrnes, Son Nghiem, Clifford Afoakwah, Paul A. Scuffham. Queensland Cardiovascular Data Linkage (QCard): A population-based cohort study. F1000Research. 2020; 9 ():282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoshua Byrnes; Son Nghiem; Clifford Afoakwah; Paul A. Scuffham. 2020. "Queensland Cardiovascular Data Linkage (QCard): A population-based cohort study." F1000Research 9, no. : 282.
Background Over four million people in Australia have some form of disability, of whom 2.1 million are of working age. This paper estimates the costs of disability in Australia using the standard-of-living approach. This approach defines the cost of disability as additional income required for people with a disability to achieve a similar living standard to those without a disability. We analyse data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey using a hybrid panel data model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the costs of disability in Australia using a high quality, large, nationally-representative longitudinal data set. Methods This study estimates the costs of disability in Australia by using the Standard of Living (SoL) and a dynamic model approach. It examines the dynamics of disability and income by using lagged disability and income status. The study also controls for unobserved individual heterogeneity and endogeneity of income. The longitudinal specification in this study allows us to separate short- and long-run costs of disability using a hybrid panel data regression approach. Results Our results show that people with a disability need to increase their adult-equivalent disposable income by 50% (in the short-run) to achieve the same standard of living as those without a disability. This figure varies considerably according to the severity of the disability, ranging from 19% for people without work-related limitations to 102% for people with severe limitations. Further, the average cost of disability in the long-run is higher and it is 63% of the adult-equivalent disposable income. Conclusions Firstly, our results show that with the same level of income, the living standard is lower in households with people with a disability compared to households without members with a disability. This indicates a strong relationship between poverty and disability. However, current poverty measures do not take into account disability, therefore, they fail to consider substantial differences in poverty rates between people with and without a disability. Secondly, the estimated costs reflected in this study do consider foregone income due to disability. Therefore, policymakers should seriously consider adopting disability-adjusted poverty and inequality measurements. Thirdly, increasing the income (e.g. through government payments) or providing subsidised services for people with a disability may increase their financial satisfaction, leading to an improved living standard. The results of this study can serve as a baseline for the evaluation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS).
Binh Vu; Rasheda Khanam; Maisha Rahman; Son Nghiem. The costs of disability in Australia: a hybrid panel-data examination. Health Economics Review 2020, 10, 1 -10.
AMA StyleBinh Vu, Rasheda Khanam, Maisha Rahman, Son Nghiem. The costs of disability in Australia: a hybrid panel-data examination. Health Economics Review. 2020; 10 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBinh Vu; Rasheda Khanam; Maisha Rahman; Son Nghiem. 2020. "The costs of disability in Australia: a hybrid panel-data examination." Health Economics Review 10, no. 1: 1-10.
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based technologies develop rapidly and have myriad applications in medicine and health care. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reporting on the productivity, workflow, topics, and research landscape of AI in this field. This study aimed to evaluate the global development of scientific publications and constructed interdisciplinary research topics on the theory and practice of AI in medicine from 1977 to 2018. We obtained bibliographic data and abstract contents of publications published between 1977 and 2018 from the Web of Science database. A total of 27,451 eligible articles were analyzed. Research topics were classified by latent Dirichlet allocation, and principal component analysis was used to identify the construct of the research landscape. The applications of AI have mainly impacted clinical settings (enhanced prognosis and diagnosis, robot-assisted surgery, and rehabilitation), data science and precision medicine (collecting individual data for precision medicine), and policy making (raising ethical and legal issues, especially regarding privacy and confidentiality of data). However, AI applications have not been commonly used in resource-poor settings due to the limit in infrastructure and human resources. The application of AI in medicine has grown rapidly and focuses on three leading platforms: clinical practices, clinical material, and policies. AI might be one of the methods to narrow down the inequality in health care and medicine between developing and developed countries. Technology transfer and support from developed countries are essential measures for the advancement of AI application in health care in developing countries.
Bach Xuan Tran; Son Nghiem; Oz Sahin; Tuan Manh Vu; Giang Hai Ha; Giang Thu Vu; Hai Quang Pham; Hoa Thi Do; Carl A Latkin; Wilson Tam; Cyrus S H Ho; Roger C M Ho; Huyen Phuc Do; Hoang Vuong. Modeling Research Topics for Artificial Intelligence Applications in Medicine: Latent Dirichlet Allocation Application Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2019, 21, e15511 .
AMA StyleBach Xuan Tran, Son Nghiem, Oz Sahin, Tuan Manh Vu, Giang Hai Ha, Giang Thu Vu, Hai Quang Pham, Hoa Thi Do, Carl A Latkin, Wilson Tam, Cyrus S H Ho, Roger C M Ho, Huyen Phuc Do, Hoang Vuong. Modeling Research Topics for Artificial Intelligence Applications in Medicine: Latent Dirichlet Allocation Application Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2019; 21 (11):e15511.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBach Xuan Tran; Son Nghiem; Oz Sahin; Tuan Manh Vu; Giang Hai Ha; Giang Thu Vu; Hai Quang Pham; Hoa Thi Do; Carl A Latkin; Wilson Tam; Cyrus S H Ho; Roger C M Ho; Huyen Phuc Do; Hoang Vuong. 2019. "Modeling Research Topics for Artificial Intelligence Applications in Medicine: Latent Dirichlet Allocation Application Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 11: e15511.
Overweight and obesity have become a serious health problem globally due to its significant role in increased morbidity and mortality. The treatments for this health issue are various such as lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapies, and surgery. However, little is known about the productivity, workflow, topics, and landscape research of all the papers mentioning the intervention and treatment for children with obesity. A total of 20,925 publications from the Web of Science database mentioning interventions and treatment in reducing the burden of childhood overweight and obesity on physical health, mental health, and society published in the period from 1991 to 2018 were in the analysis. We used Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for identifying the topics and a dendrogram for research disciplines. We found that the number of papers related to multilevel interventions such as family-based, school-based, and community-based is increasing. The number of papers mentioning interventions aimed at children and adolescents with overweight or obesity is not high in poor-resource settings or countries compared to the growth in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among youth due to cultural concepts or nutrition transition. Therefore, there is a need for support from developed countries to control the rising rates of overweight and obesity.
Bach Xuan Tran; Son Nghiem; Clifford Afoakwah; Carl A. Latkin; Giang Hai Ha; Thao Phuong Nguyen; Linh Phuong Doan; Hai Quang Pham; Cyrus S.H. Ho; Roger C.M. Ho. Characterizing Obesity Interventions and Treatment for Children and Youths During 1991–2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4227 .
AMA StyleBach Xuan Tran, Son Nghiem, Clifford Afoakwah, Carl A. Latkin, Giang Hai Ha, Thao Phuong Nguyen, Linh Phuong Doan, Hai Quang Pham, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho. Characterizing Obesity Interventions and Treatment for Children and Youths During 1991–2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (21):4227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBach Xuan Tran; Son Nghiem; Clifford Afoakwah; Carl A. Latkin; Giang Hai Ha; Thao Phuong Nguyen; Linh Phuong Doan; Hai Quang Pham; Cyrus S.H. Ho; Roger C.M. Ho. 2019. "Characterizing Obesity Interventions and Treatment for Children and Youths During 1991–2018." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21: 4227.
Estimating the costs of mental illness provides useful policy and managerial information to improve the quality of life of people living with a mental illness and their families. This paper estimates the costs of mental health in Australia using the standard-of-living approach. The cost of mental illness was estimated implicitly using a standard-of-living approach. We analysed data from 16 waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (HILDA) using 209,871 observations. Unobserved heterogeneity was mitigated using an extended random-effects estimator. The equivalised disposable income of people with mental illness, measured by a self-reported mental health condition, needs to be 50% higher to achieve a similar living standard to those without a mental illness. The cost estimates vary considerably with measures of mental illness and standard of living. An alternative measure of mental illness using the first quintile of the SF-36 mental health score distribution resulted in an increase of estimated costs to 80% equivalised disposable income. People with mental illness need to increase equivalised disposable income, which includes existing financial supports, by 50–80% to achieve a similar level of financial satisfaction to those without a mental illness. The cost estimate can be substantially higher if the overall life satisfaction is used to proxy for standard of living.
Son Nghiem; Rasheda Khanam; Xuan-Binh Vu; Bach Xuan Tran. Implicitly Estimating the Cost of Mental Illness in Australia: A Standard-of-Living Approach. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 2019, 18, 261 -270.
AMA StyleSon Nghiem, Rasheda Khanam, Xuan-Binh Vu, Bach Xuan Tran. Implicitly Estimating the Cost of Mental Illness in Australia: A Standard-of-Living Approach. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. 2019; 18 (2):261-270.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSon Nghiem; Rasheda Khanam; Xuan-Binh Vu; Bach Xuan Tran. 2019. "Implicitly Estimating the Cost of Mental Illness in Australia: A Standard-of-Living Approach." Applied Health Economics and Health Policy 18, no. 2: 261-270.
This study estimates the effects of moral hazard and selection bias in private insurance by exploiting the unique characteristics of private health insurance in Australia using a longitudinal data of about 37,000 individuals. We estimate determinants of private health insurance status and health service consumption together as a system to control for individual unobserved effects. We also take into account the evolution of the health production process by controlling for the lagged dependent variables. We found that risk-averse individuals were more likely to purchase private health insurance, suggesting an advantageous selection. There is also evidence of ex-post moral hazard as privately insured individuals consumed more health services. Controlling for the lagged health service consumption reduces the magnitude of moral hazard considerably. The presence of advantageous selection and moral hazard in private health insurance indicates that the Australian healthcare system can be more efficient by increasing coverage and monitoring consumption.
Son Nghiem; Nicholas Graves. Selection bias and moral hazard in the Australian private health insurance market: Evidence from the Queensland skin cancer database. Economic Analysis and Policy 2019, 64, 259 -265.
AMA StyleSon Nghiem, Nicholas Graves. Selection bias and moral hazard in the Australian private health insurance market: Evidence from the Queensland skin cancer database. Economic Analysis and Policy. 2019; 64 ():259-265.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSon Nghiem; Nicholas Graves. 2019. "Selection bias and moral hazard in the Australian private health insurance market: Evidence from the Queensland skin cancer database." Economic Analysis and Policy 64, no. : 259-265.
This paper investigates the impact of microcredit programs on child schooling in rural Bangladesh using cross-sectional data from 439 households across 20 villages of four districts of the country. A child’s school outcomes are measured by school enrolment, school attendance and grade attainment (measured by the right grade for age). Our results reveal that participation in microcredit programs has a significant positive effect on school attendance but no effect on either school enrolment or grade attainment, suggesting that care should be taken in assessing the effectiveness of microcredit programs. Despite the fact that microcredit programs can alleviate poverty and contribute to the rural economy, these can also result in unintended consequences such as adverse effects on children’s schooling. Policies aiming to improving the children’s educational achievement in rural households should consider providing or enhancing subsidized educational stationery and meals besides providing free universal education among the children of microcredit participants.
Mohammad Monzur Morshed Bhuiya; Rasheda Khanam; Mohammad Mafizur Rahman; Son Nghiem; Hong Son Nghiem. Microcredit participation and child schooling in rural Bangladesh: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey. Economic Analysis and Policy 2019, 64, 293 -301.
AMA StyleMohammad Monzur Morshed Bhuiya, Rasheda Khanam, Mohammad Mafizur Rahman, Son Nghiem, Hong Son Nghiem. Microcredit participation and child schooling in rural Bangladesh: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey. Economic Analysis and Policy. 2019; 64 ():293-301.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Monzur Morshed Bhuiya; Rasheda Khanam; Mohammad Mafizur Rahman; Son Nghiem; Hong Son Nghiem. 2019. "Microcredit participation and child schooling in rural Bangladesh: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey." Economic Analysis and Policy 64, no. : 293-301.
The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in aiding clinical decision-making and management of stroke and heart diseases have become increasingly common in recent years, thanks in part to technological advancements and the heightened interest of the research and medical community. This study aims to provide a comprehensive picture of global trends and developments of AI applications relating to stroke and heart diseases, identifying research gaps and suggesting future directions for research and policy-making. A novel analysis approach that combined bibliometrics analysis with a more complex analysis of abstract content using exploratory factor analysis and Latent Dirichlet allocation, which uncovered emerging research domains and topics, was adopted. Data were extracted from the Web of Science database. Results showed topics with the most compelling growth to be AI for big data analysis, robotic prosthesis, robotics-assisted stroke rehabilitation, and minimally invasive surgery. The study also found an emerging landscape of research that was centered on population-specific and early detection of stroke and heart disease. Application of AI in health behavior tracking and improvement as well as the use of robotics in medical diagnostics and prognostication have also been found to attract significant research attention. In light of these findings, it is suggested that the currently under-researched issues of data management, AI model reliability, as well as validation of its clinical utility, need to be further explored in future research and policy decisions to maximize the benefits of AI applications in stroke and heart diseases.
Bach Xuan Tran; Carl A. Latkin; Giang Thu Vu; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Son Nghiem; Ming-Xuan Tan; Zhi-Kai Lim; Cyrus S.H. Ho; Roger C.M. Ho. The Current Research Landscape of the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Managing Cerebrovascular and Heart Diseases: A Bibliometric and Content Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 2699 .
AMA StyleBach Xuan Tran, Carl A. Latkin, Giang Thu Vu, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Son Nghiem, Ming-Xuan Tan, Zhi-Kai Lim, Cyrus S.H. Ho, Roger C.M. Ho. The Current Research Landscape of the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Managing Cerebrovascular and Heart Diseases: A Bibliometric and Content Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (15):2699.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBach Xuan Tran; Carl A. Latkin; Giang Thu Vu; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Son Nghiem; Ming-Xuan Tan; Zhi-Kai Lim; Cyrus S.H. Ho; Roger C.M. Ho. 2019. "The Current Research Landscape of the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Managing Cerebrovascular and Heart Diseases: A Bibliometric and Content Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 15: 2699.
This is the first study, to our knowledge, that estimates the technical efficiencies, and total factor productivity growth and its components, using a distance function stochastic frontier approach and three single-output models in Fiji, a Pacific Island Country—a region where banking efficiency literature remains scarce despite phenomenal advances in the field. This study’s ability to discuss the implications of the results for individual institutions separately is a key contribution of efficiency studies relating to the region as well as to the extant literature. The study found that there is substantial scope for improvement of productivity and efficiency, especially in producing more deposits with the same level of inputs.
Parmendra Sharma; Savaira Manoa; Seci Taleniwesi; Son Nghiem. Technical efficiency of banking institutions in a Pacific Island Country: a distance function stochastic frontier analysis*. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 2019, 25, 1 -15.
AMA StyleParmendra Sharma, Savaira Manoa, Seci Taleniwesi, Son Nghiem. Technical efficiency of banking institutions in a Pacific Island Country: a distance function stochastic frontier analysis*. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy. 2019; 25 (1):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleParmendra Sharma; Savaira Manoa; Seci Taleniwesi; Son Nghiem. 2019. "Technical efficiency of banking institutions in a Pacific Island Country: a distance function stochastic frontier analysis*." Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 25, no. 1: 1-15.