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Dr. Marius Baranauskas
Vilnius University faculty of medicine

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Journal article
Published: 16 September 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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There are about 466 million people with hearing impairments in the world. The scientific literature does not provide sufficient data on the actual nutrition and other variables of professional deaf athletes. The objectives of this study were to investigate and evaluate the body composition, the physical working capacity, the nutrition intake, and the blood parameters of iron and vitamin D in the Lithuanian high-performance deaf women’s basketball team players. The female athletes (n = 14) of the Lithuanian deaf basketball team aged 26.4 ± 4.5 years were recruited for an observational cross-sectional study. A 7-day food recall survey method was used to investigate their actual diet. The measurements of the body composition were performed using the BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis) tetra-polar electrodes. In order to assess the cardiorespiratory and aerobic fitness levels of athletes, ergo-spirometry (on a cycle ergometer) was used to measure the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and the physical working capacity at a heart rate of 170 beats per minute (PWC170). The athletes’ blood tests were taken to investigate the red blood cells, hemoglobin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ferritin, transferrin, iron concentrations, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC). The consideration of the VO2peak (55.9 ± 6.1 mL/min/kg of body weight, 95% CI: 51.8, 58.9) and the low VO2peak (56–60 mL/min/kg of body weight) (p = 0.966) in the deaf women’s basketball team players revealed no differences. For the deaf female athletes, the PWC170 was equal to 20.3 ± 2.0 kgm/min/kg of body weight and represented only the average aerobic fitness level. The carbohydrate and protein intakes (5.0 ± 1.3 and 1.3 ± 0.3 g/kg of body weight, respectively) met only the minimum levels recommended for athletes. The fat content of the diet (38.1 ± 4.1% of energy intake) exceeded the maximum recommended content (35% of energy intake) (p = 0.012). The mean blood serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and ferritin (24.1 ± 6.6 nmol/L and 11.0 ± 4.1 µg/L, respectively) predicted vitamin D and iron deficits in athletes. Female athletes had an increased risk of vitamin D and iron deficiencies. Regardless of iron deficiency in the body, the better cardiorespiratory fitness of the deaf female athletes was essentially correlated with the higher skeletal muscle mass (in terms of size) (r = 0.61, p = 0.023), the lower percentage of body fat mass (r = −0.53, p = 0.049), and the reduced intake of fat (r = −0.57, p = 0.040).

ACS Style

Marius Baranauskas; Valerija Jablonskienė; Jonas Algis Abaravičius; Rimantas Stukas. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Diet Quality Profile of the Lithuanian Team of Deaf Women’s Basketball Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6749 .

AMA Style

Marius Baranauskas, Valerija Jablonskienė, Jonas Algis Abaravičius, Rimantas Stukas. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Diet Quality Profile of the Lithuanian Team of Deaf Women’s Basketball Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (18):6749.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marius Baranauskas; Valerija Jablonskienė; Jonas Algis Abaravičius; Rimantas Stukas. 2020. "Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Diet Quality Profile of the Lithuanian Team of Deaf Women’s Basketball Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6749.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Physical exercise leads to metabolic changes that affect the acid-base balance in skeletal muscles and other tissues. Nutrition is one of the factors that may influence the acid-base balance in the body. Keeping alkaline circumstances in the body is important not only for health and athletic performance in training but also during competition in many sport events. This is especially significant for athletes who practice in sport at the highest level of competition. The aim of the study was to determine the dietary acid-base balance in competitive Lithuanian high-performance athletes, and to evaluate the effect of actual diets of athletes on NEAP (net endogenous acid production), muscle mass and body mineral content during a four-year Olympic cycle. The research participants were 18.1 ± 3.3-year-old Lithuanian high performance athletes (n = 323). The actual diet was investigated using the 24 h recall dietary survey method. The measurements of body composition were performed using BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis). The potential renal acid load of the diets of athletes (dietary PRAL) and NEAP were calculated. In 10.2% of athletes, NEAP exceeds 100 mEq · day−1 and is on average 126.1 ± 32.7 mEq · day−1. Higher NEAP in athletes is associated with lower muscle mass (β -1.2% of body weight, p < 0.001) but has no effect on the amount of minerals in the body (β 0.01% of body weight, p = 0.073). Overall, 25–30% of Lithuanian high-performance athletes use high-protein diets (2.0–4.8 g · kg−1 · day−1) leading to a dietary acid-base imbalance as well as an excessive production of endogenous acids in the body. Athletes are recommended to consume higher amounts of potassium and magnesium. An increase in calcium intake up to 1500 mg per day is recommended. In exceptional cases, periodised nutrition for athletes may involve diets complemented with bicarbonate and/or beta-alanine supplements.

ACS Style

Marius Baranauskas; Valerija Jablonskienė; Jonas Algis Abaravičius; Laimutė Samsonienė; Rimantas Stukas. Dietary Acid-Base Balance in High-Performance Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5332 .

AMA Style

Marius Baranauskas, Valerija Jablonskienė, Jonas Algis Abaravičius, Laimutė Samsonienė, Rimantas Stukas. Dietary Acid-Base Balance in High-Performance Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (15):5332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marius Baranauskas; Valerija Jablonskienė; Jonas Algis Abaravičius; Laimutė Samsonienė; Rimantas Stukas. 2020. "Dietary Acid-Base Balance in High-Performance Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5332.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2020 in Sporto mokslas / Sport Science
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ACS Style

Marius Baranauskas; Valerija Jablonskienė; Jonas Algis Abaravičius; Rokas Arlauskas; Rimantas Stukas. Mitybos poveikis Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo sportininkų raumenų masei. Sporto mokslas / Sport Science 2020, 97, 63 -69.

AMA Style

Marius Baranauskas, Valerija Jablonskienė, Jonas Algis Abaravičius, Rokas Arlauskas, Rimantas Stukas. Mitybos poveikis Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo sportininkų raumenų masei. Sporto mokslas / Sport Science. 2020; 97 (1):63-69.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marius Baranauskas; Valerija Jablonskienė; Jonas Algis Abaravičius; Rokas Arlauskas; Rimantas Stukas. 2020. "Mitybos poveikis Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo sportininkų raumenų masei." Sporto mokslas / Sport Science 97, no. 1: 63-69.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2020 in Medicina
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Background and objectives: Health is partly determined by the state of one’s nutrition; it stimulates the body’s functional and metabolic adaptations to physical strain and helps one prevent sports injuries and get in shape in terms of body composition. This study aims to investigate the actual nutrition and dietary supplements taken by elite Lithuanian athletes and to identify the relationship between the dietary intake, dietary supplementation and body composition of elite athletes. Materials and Methods: The research subjects were 76.7% of Lithuanian elite athletes (N = 247). The actual diet was investigated using the 24 h recall dietary survey method. Dietary supplementation was studied applying the questionnaire method. Measurements of body composition were performed using the BIA (bioelectrical impedance analysis) tetra-polar electrodes and measuring resistivity with 8–12 tangent electrodes at different frequencies of signal: 5, 50 and 250 kHz. Results: Results indicate that among the athletes, 62% use too few carbohydrates and 77% use too much fat. Although the 3.5% increase in lean body mass (95% CI: −0.107, 7.070) helps gain an increased protein intake with food (p = 0.057), 38% of athletes consume too little protein with food. The athletes mostly use carbohydrates (86%), vitamins (81%), protein supplements (70%), and multivitamins (62%). We did not determine the impact (p > 0.05) of individual or complex supplement use on the lean body mass (%) or fat mass (%) values of athletes. Conclusions: Athletes consume insufficient carbohydrates, vitamin D, calcium, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and too much fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and they use proteins irrationally. Sport nutritionists should also focus on the risk of malnutrition for female athletes. Nutritional supplements partially offset macronutrient and micronutrient deficiency. Nevertheless, the effect of food supplements on the body composition of athletes is too small compared to the normal diet. Athletes ought to prioritize the formation of eating habits and only then use supplements.

ACS Style

Marius Baranauskas; Valerija Jablonskienė; Jonas Algis Abaravičius; Rimantas Stukas. Actual Nutrition and Dietary Supplementation in Lithuanian Elite Athletes. Medicina 2020, 56, 247 .

AMA Style

Marius Baranauskas, Valerija Jablonskienė, Jonas Algis Abaravičius, Rimantas Stukas. Actual Nutrition and Dietary Supplementation in Lithuanian Elite Athletes. Medicina. 2020; 56 (5):247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marius Baranauskas; Valerija Jablonskienė; Jonas Algis Abaravičius; Rimantas Stukas. 2020. "Actual Nutrition and Dietary Supplementation in Lithuanian Elite Athletes." Medicina 56, no. 5: 247.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2019 in Sporto mokslas / Sport Science
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ACS Style

Marius Baranauskas; Rimantas Stukas; Valerija Jablonskienė; Jonas Algis Abaravičius. Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo sportininkų vandens ir gėrimų vartojimo ypatumai ir juos lemiantys veiksniai. Sporto mokslas / Sport Science 2019, 95, 29 -38.

AMA Style

Marius Baranauskas, Rimantas Stukas, Valerija Jablonskienė, Jonas Algis Abaravičius. Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo sportininkų vandens ir gėrimų vartojimo ypatumai ir juos lemiantys veiksniai. Sporto mokslas / Sport Science. 2019; 95 (1):29-38.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marius Baranauskas; Rimantas Stukas; Valerija Jablonskienė; Jonas Algis Abaravičius. 2019. "Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo sportininkų vandens ir gėrimų vartojimo ypatumai ir juos lemiantys veiksniai." Sporto mokslas / Sport Science 95, no. 1: 29-38.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2019 in Sporto mokslas / Sport Science
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ACS Style

Marius Baranauskas; Rimantas Stukas; Valerija Jablonskienė; Jonas Algis Abaravičius; Dalia Paškevičienė; Linas Tubelis; Edmundas Švedas. Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo sportininkų mitybos įpročius ir maisto papildų vartojimą skatinantys ir ribojantys veiksniai. Sporto mokslas / Sport Science 2019, 95, 39 -45.

AMA Style

Marius Baranauskas, Rimantas Stukas, Valerija Jablonskienė, Jonas Algis Abaravičius, Dalia Paškevičienė, Linas Tubelis, Edmundas Švedas. Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo sportininkų mitybos įpročius ir maisto papildų vartojimą skatinantys ir ribojantys veiksniai. Sporto mokslas / Sport Science. 2019; 95 (1):39-45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marius Baranauskas; Rimantas Stukas; Valerija Jablonskienė; Jonas Algis Abaravičius; Dalia Paškevičienė; Linas Tubelis; Edmundas Švedas. 2019. "Lietuvos didelio meistriškumo sportininkų mitybos įpročius ir maisto papildų vartojimą skatinantys ir ribojantys veiksniai." Sporto mokslas / Sport Science 95, no. 1: 39-45.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2018 in Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences
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Research background and hypothesis. Many athletes know the benefi ts of low carbohydrate diets these days, but recently healthcare specialists have paid much attention to high carbohydrate diets and safer methods of losing weight. Research aim was to investigate Lithuanian Olympic Sport Centre female basketball players’ (n = 10) actual and special nutrition and their physical condition. Research methods. Athletes’ food records were analyzed and assessed. We determined plasma triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, glucose. Physical Working Capacity (PWC 170 ) test was conducted to determine aerobic fi tness before and after moderate weight reduction. Research results showed that the basketball players received too little carbohydrates, linoleic acid, amino acid methionine and too much fat. Vitamins D, PP, B 1 and folic acid intakes were insuffi cient. During moderate bodyweight reduction basketball players signifi cantly decreased in their BW (–2.2 ± 0.3 kg, p < 0.05), BF (–1.6 ± 0.3 kg, p < 0.05) and minerals (–0.1 ± 0.4 kg, p < 0.05), but they non-signifi cantly decreased in BP (p > 0.05). Furthermore, lipid panels markers (triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol) experienced non-signifi cant improvements while glucose levels (p < 0.05) and PWC 170 (p < 0.05) resulted in signifi cant decrease following a 12-day hipocaloric diet. Discussion and conclusions. The results indicate that hipoenergetic moderate weight loss at < 30 kcal· kg –1 · day –1 , < 5 g · kg –1 · day –1 carbohydrate is not recommended for athletes as it can affect aerobic fi tness.Keywords: nutrition, female basketball, bodyweight reduction.

ACS Style

Marius Baranauskas; Linas Tubelis; Rimantas Stukas; Edmundas Švedas; Laimutė Samsonienė; Diana Karanauskienė. Some Aspects of Nutrition and Moderate Body Weight Reduction in Lithuanian Olympic Sport Centre Female Basketball Players. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 2018, 2, 1 .

AMA Style

Marius Baranauskas, Linas Tubelis, Rimantas Stukas, Edmundas Švedas, Laimutė Samsonienė, Diana Karanauskienė. Some Aspects of Nutrition and Moderate Body Weight Reduction in Lithuanian Olympic Sport Centre Female Basketball Players. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences. 2018; 2 (81):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marius Baranauskas; Linas Tubelis; Rimantas Stukas; Edmundas Švedas; Laimutė Samsonienė; Diana Karanauskienė. 2018. "Some Aspects of Nutrition and Moderate Body Weight Reduction in Lithuanian Olympic Sport Centre Female Basketball Players." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 2, no. 81: 1.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2018 in Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences
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Research background and hypothesis. These days many athletes of combat sports prior contest practice unsafe hipocaloric diets. Hypothetically the content of macronutrient and micronutrient composition of wrestlers’ food rations must be corrected individually during the time of bodyweight loss and after weigh control.Research aim of the present study was to examine the effects of bodyweight reduction on athletes’ body weight (BW), lean body mass (LBM), body fat (BF), body fluid (BFL), body protein (BP) and minerals. Research methods. Wrestlers (n = 10) were measured before, at the end (before weight control) rapid bodyweight reduction and 2 days after contest. Food records were analyzed and macronutrient and micronutrient contributions from meals were assessed. The measures of body mass components were taken using BIA tetra-polar electrodes.Research results. Analysis of wrestlers 4-day food records revealed average values at 18.2 ± 10.6 kcal·kg -1 ·day -1 , 0.8 ± 0.4 g·kg -1 ·day -1 of proteins, 2.0 ± 1.5 g·kg -1 ·day -1 of carbohydrates and 0.8 ± 0.4 g·kg -1 ·day -1 of fat throughout the period of rapid bodyweight reduction. Low total energy intake contributed to the insufficient on take of vitamins A, B 1 , B 2 , PP, D, E, B 6 , folic acid and minerals as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc intakes during the rapid bodyweight loss season. Additionally wrestlers followed low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet and did not consume adequate energy or carbohydrate diet after the contest.Discussion and conclusions. During rapid bodyweight loss period athletes showed a significant decrease in BM (–3.7 ± 1.9 kg, p < 0.05), LBM (–1.5 ± 1.3 kg, p < 0.05), BF (–2.1 ± 0.6 kg, p < 0.001), BFL (–1.1 ± 0.9 kg, p < 0.05), minerals (–0.2 ± 0.1 kg, p < 0.05), but not BP (–0.2 ± 0.1 kg, p ≤ 0.05). After contest wrestlers had significant increases in BM (+3.1 ± 1.9 kg, p < 0.05), BF (+2.6 ± 0.5 kg, p < 0.001) and minerals (+0.2 ± 0.1 kg, p < 0.05), but non-significant increase in LBM (+1.0 ± 1.8 kg, p > 0.05) and BFL (+0.7 ± 1.3 kg, p < 0.05). Wrestlers’ food rations must be corrected individually during the time of bodyweight loss, after weigh control and follow-up recovery, during the period of contest.Keywords: nutrition, wrestlers’ food rations, weight reduction.

ACS Style

Marius Baranauskas; Linas Tubelis; Rimantas Stukas; Edmundas Švedas; Laimutė Samsonienė; Diana Karanauskienė. The Influence of Short‑Term Hipocaloric Nutrition on Bodyweight Reduction in Lithuanian Olympic Team Wrestlers. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 2018, 4, 1 .

AMA Style

Marius Baranauskas, Linas Tubelis, Rimantas Stukas, Edmundas Švedas, Laimutė Samsonienė, Diana Karanauskienė. The Influence of Short‑Term Hipocaloric Nutrition on Bodyweight Reduction in Lithuanian Olympic Team Wrestlers. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences. 2018; 4 (83):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marius Baranauskas; Linas Tubelis; Rimantas Stukas; Edmundas Švedas; Laimutė Samsonienė; Diana Karanauskienė. 2018. "The Influence of Short‑Term Hipocaloric Nutrition on Bodyweight Reduction in Lithuanian Olympic Team Wrestlers." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 4, no. 83: 1.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2018 in Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences
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Research background and hypothesis. Unbalanced nutritional status, incorrect qualitative and quantitative content of nutritional and bioactive substances (nutrition value) for athletes in strength and speed sports can have a negative impact on acid-base homeostasis and physical working performance. Hypothesis – there is a dietary acid-base balance in the Lithuanian Olympic basketball team players’ food rations. Research aim was to assess dietary acid-base balance in Lithuanian high-performance basketball players during the training mezzo-cycles designed for strength training.Research methods. In the general preparation period, Lithuanian Olympic Team basketball players (n = 52), aged 18.0 ± 1.9 years, training 197.9 ± 58.7 min a day, 6 days a week on average, were tested. Body composition analysis of athletes was performed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. Applying the survey method we investigated and assessed the nutritional status of basketball players, possible effect of their dietary intake on potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP).Research results. The dietary PRAL of more than half (67.3%) of subjects was positive (8.5 ± 49.0 mEq/day). Basketball players’ protein intake was positively related to dietary PRAL (r = 0.408, p = 0.003). Protein intake of 20.5% of male basketball players on average was 2.6 ± 0.7 g/kg body weight, and their dietary PRAL was 75.5 ± 22.8 mEq/day, NEAP – 128.5 ± 23.7 mEq/day. Discussion and conclusions. If high-protein diet (protein intake meets 1.8–2.0 g/kg BW) is followed, basketball players’ nutritional habits should be changed. Athletes are recommended to consume significantly more fresh fruits and vegetables and/or enrich the normal diet by sodium bicarbonate and/or beta-alanine dietary supplements.Keywords: basketball, acid-base balance, renal acid overload.

ACS Style

Marius Baranauskas; Linas Tubelis; Rimantas Stukas; Edmundas Švedas; Laimutė Samsonienė; Diana Karanauskienė. Lithuanian Olympic Basketball Players’ Nutrition during the Training Mezzo-Cycles Designed for Strength Training. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 2018, 3, 1 .

AMA Style

Marius Baranauskas, Linas Tubelis, Rimantas Stukas, Edmundas Švedas, Laimutė Samsonienė, Diana Karanauskienė. Lithuanian Olympic Basketball Players’ Nutrition during the Training Mezzo-Cycles Designed for Strength Training. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences. 2018; 3 (90):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marius Baranauskas; Linas Tubelis; Rimantas Stukas; Edmundas Švedas; Laimutė Samsonienė; Diana Karanauskienė. 2018. "Lithuanian Olympic Basketball Players’ Nutrition during the Training Mezzo-Cycles Designed for Strength Training." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 3, no. 90: 1.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2018 in Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences
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Research background and hypothesis. Rowing and canoeing-kayaking are some of the leading sports in Lithuania, and athletes have achieved victories in European and world championships. In order to effectively manage the preparation of Lithuanian elite rowers, canoeists and kayakers, research in their nutrition status is important, relevant and necessary. Hypothesis: dietary intake of rowers and canoeists-kayakers comply with nutrition requirements. Research aim was to assess nutrition status, physical development and the interactions between them for Lithuanian Olympic team rowers, canoeists and kayakers.Research methods. Research on the nutrition status and supplementation was carried out in the preparatory competition period in 2012. The sample included 18.2 ± 2.3-year-old rowers (n = 24) and 21.5 ± 5.2-year-old canoeists-kayakers (n = 12). Body composition analysis and physical development of athletes was performed using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. Research results. Regardless of gender, MFMI of kayakers-canoeists and rowers was only average. Athletes’ dietary energy intake (EI) does not fully cover the energy expenditure, the diet lacks carbohydrates, dietary fibres, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and there is too much fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. 92% of athletes take supplements. Most often athletes’ dietary supplementation includes carbohydrates (73.9%), amino acids (73.9%), minerals (73.9%), vitamins (65.2%), and multivitamins (65.2%). Discussion and conclusions. Nutrition status and physical development of Lithuanian elite kayakers-canoeists and rowers does not meet the requirements of nutrition. Diets of high performance kayakers-canoeists and rowers must be optimized, adjusted and individualized.Keywords: rowers, canoeists and kayakers, high sports performance, athlete nutrition.

ACS Style

Marius Baranauskas; Linas Tubelis; Rimantas Stukas; Edmundas Švedas; Laimutė Samsonienė; Diana Karanauskienė. Nutrition Status of High Performance Rowers, Canoeists and Kayakers. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 2018, 1, 1 .

AMA Style

Marius Baranauskas, Linas Tubelis, Rimantas Stukas, Edmundas Švedas, Laimutė Samsonienė, Diana Karanauskienė. Nutrition Status of High Performance Rowers, Canoeists and Kayakers. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences. 2018; 1 (92):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marius Baranauskas; Linas Tubelis; Rimantas Stukas; Edmundas Švedas; Laimutė Samsonienė; Diana Karanauskienė. 2018. "Nutrition Status of High Performance Rowers, Canoeists and Kayakers." Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences 1, no. 92: 1.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2015 in Medicina
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For athletes, the main purpose of nutrition is to ensure the compensation of increased energy consumption and the need for nutrients in the athlete's body, thereby enabling maximum adaptation to physical loads. The aim of this study was to determine the habits of highly trained endurance athletes depending on sports type, sex and age in order to improve the planning and management of the training of athletes using targeted measures. In 2009–2012, the dietary habits of 146 endurance athletes were analyzed. The actual diet of Lithuania endurance athletes was investigated using a 24-h dietary survey method. Data on the athletes’ actual diet were collected for the previous day. It was found that 80.8% of endurance athletes used lower-than-recommended amounts of carbohydrates in their diet, and more than 70% of athletes used higher-than-recommended levels of fat, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol. The diet of female athletes was low in carbohydrates, dietary fiber, protein, omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, and zinc. Athletes aged 14–18 years tended to consume quantities of protein that were either lower than recommended or excessive. The diet of highly trained endurance athletes does not fully meet their requirements and in this situation cannot ensure maximum adaptation to very intense and/or long-duration physical loads. The diet of highly trained endurance athletes must be optimized, adjusted and individualized. Particular attention should be focused on female athletes.

ACS Style

Marius Baranauskas; Rimantas Stukas; Linas Tubelis; Kęstutis Žagminas; Genė Šurkienė; Edmundas Švedas; Vincentas Rolandas Giedraitis; Valerij Dobrovolskij; Jonas Algis Abaravičius. Nutritional habits among high-performance endurance athletes. Medicina 2015, 51, 351 -362.

AMA Style

Marius Baranauskas, Rimantas Stukas, Linas Tubelis, Kęstutis Žagminas, Genė Šurkienė, Edmundas Švedas, Vincentas Rolandas Giedraitis, Valerij Dobrovolskij, Jonas Algis Abaravičius. Nutritional habits among high-performance endurance athletes. Medicina. 2015; 51 (6):351-362.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marius Baranauskas; Rimantas Stukas; Linas Tubelis; Kęstutis Žagminas; Genė Šurkienė; Edmundas Švedas; Vincentas Rolandas Giedraitis; Valerij Dobrovolskij; Jonas Algis Abaravičius. 2015. "Nutritional habits among high-performance endurance athletes." Medicina 51, no. 6: 351-362.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2015 in Open Medicine
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With environmental pollution increasing, interest in organic farming and organic foodstuffs has been growing all over the world. Data on organic food consumption by Lithuanian athletes is not yet available. This lack of data determined the aim of this study: to identify the particulars of organic foodstuff consumption among athletes. In September–November 2012, we polled 158 of the best-performing athletes of the Olympic sports team through direct interviews. An approved questionnaire was used to identify the specifics of organic foodstuff consumption among athletes. The survey results showed that 97% of athletes consume organic foodstuffs, and 80% of athletes highlighted the positive impact of organic food on health. Nevertheless, a slim majority of athletes (51.7%) consume organic foodstuffs seldomly, 2–3 times per week. The range of organic foodstuffs consumed depends on the gender of athletes, and the consumption of some products depends on monthly incomes. Survey results confirm the need for the production and expansion of the variety of organic foodstuffs. In the course of the development of the organic food market, it should be beneficial for manufacturers to target high-performance athletes and physically active people.

ACS Style

Marius Baranauskas; Rimantas Stukas; Linas Tubelis; Kestutis Zagminas; Genė Šurkienė; Valerij Dobrovolskij; Marija Jakubauskienė; Vincentas Rolandas Giedraitis. Organic food consumption by athletes in Lithuania. Open Medicine 2015, 10, 180 -187.

AMA Style

Marius Baranauskas, Rimantas Stukas, Linas Tubelis, Kestutis Zagminas, Genė Šurkienė, Valerij Dobrovolskij, Marija Jakubauskienė, Vincentas Rolandas Giedraitis. Organic food consumption by athletes in Lithuania. Open Medicine. 2015; 10 (1):180-187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marius Baranauskas; Rimantas Stukas; Linas Tubelis; Kestutis Zagminas; Genė Šurkienė; Valerij Dobrovolskij; Marija Jakubauskienė; Vincentas Rolandas Giedraitis. 2015. "Organic food consumption by athletes in Lithuania." Open Medicine 10, no. 1: 180-187.