The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of achievement goal orientation and perception of error on the sport-confidence of adolescent athletes and the moderating effect of perception of error in a competitive sports environment to provide basic data for improving the sport-confidence of adolescent athletes. The subjects of the study were middle and high school athletes (N = 300, Males = 218, Females = 82) registered in institutions under the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Results revealed that athletes’ achievement goal orientation positively predicted sport-confidence and these pathways were moderated by athletes’ perception of error. The implications for athletes and researchers from those results are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of fitness level and mood states in the basic military training (BMT) for midshipmen using latent growth model analysis. A total of 285 midshipmen were selected as participants in BMT. The results were as follow: First, the slope of low initial fitness level increase higher than high initial fitness level. Second, there is no significant on relation between the slope of total mood disturbance score (TMD) and initial TMD level. Third, initial fitness level might increase the difference in participants’ mood state. To Sum up, participants in low initial fitness level scored lower on the results of initial TMD than people in high initial fitness level, and the rate of change in TMD of the stronger participants was larger than the others. Thus, we suggested that to consideration not only fitness level but also psychological, social aspect during in BMT.

The present study aimed to identify the psychological mechanism that moderates the physical activity intention-behaviour gap during the pandemic based on self-determination theory (SDT) and the health belief model (HBM). A retrospective, longitudinal survey design was adopted, with participants assessed in two waves (T1 and T2) at one-year intervals. Online questionnaires reflecting the context of the COVID-19 pandemic were developed to measure the intention to engage in physical activity (exercise), actual frequency, motivation (autonomous/controlled motivation), and health belief (perceived susceptibility). Of the 336 subjects who participated in the first survey (T1) with exercise intention and frequency, 194 responded to the second survey (T2) with exercise frequency and psychological characteristics (motivation and health beliefs). After data screening, a total sample size of 190 was used for the analysis. The hierarchical regression analysis showed that even in a controlled condition for past exercise intention and frequency, significant predictions were made for the current exercise frequency during the pandemic from controlled motivation and perceived susceptibility. The results also verified significant moderating effects, whereby the physical activity intention-behaviour gap decreased with highly controlled motivation but increased with high perceived susceptibility to infectious diseases in the COVID-19 context. The findings in this study suggest that the desire to be recognised for performing physical activities and the perception that participation in physical activity does not raise the risk of infection had a significant role in reducing the gap between physical activity intention during the pandemic.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music on core affect mid- and post-exercise and to verify the benefits of exercising with music based on its relationships with affect and emotions according to dual-process theories. To this end, a study was conducted on 80 participants consisting of 40 sports major students who exercised regularly and 40 non-sports major students, under the conditions of 70% (moderate intensity) and 80% (heavy intensity) maximum heart rate. The results demonstrated that participants who listened to music while exercising experienced a positive affect mid-exercise but not post-exercise. Furthermore, a positive relationship was observed between pleasure and general emotions that involve cognitive appraisal.