<!--field: Resume--> L’article porte sur les relations entre les formes urbaines et la productivité des services collectifs. Il s’appuie sur la distinction entre les trois types de fourniture technique des infrastructures, des superstructures et des dessertes par agent spécialisé. Les recherches développées pour le contexte wallon sur ce thème confirment la littérature quant à l’importance des surcoûts de l’étalement pour les services dont le fonctionnement est assuré par des infrastructures (notamment pour les domaines de la distribution de l’eau alimentaire et de l’assainissement). Il ressort également de l’analyse que ces surcoûts sont massivement collectivisés, via une taxation ou via une facturation qui ne considère nullement l’influence des modes de peuplement sur les besoins en investissements. <!--field: -->

The ambitious European objective of achieving no net land take (NNLT) by 2050 calls for a radical change in the strategies and instruments of national planning policies. Based on a comparative case study of five pioneering countries, this article analyses the different approaches taken to implement the NNLT goal, drawing on policy cycle theory. It demonstrates that the transfer of the NNLT target is a top-down process that conflicts with land use plans and planning practices at the local level. This research shows that the support and involvement of the local planning level is crucial to effectively reduce land use. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/ .

Land policies are commonly used to contribute to the implementation of the public policy of land-use planning (or spatial planning). In this sense, a spatially efficient land policy must allow the planning systems to achieve the land uses promoted by strategic planning. In addition to their role in land-use planning, land policies also contribute to public finance policies. From this perspective, a socioeconomically efficient land policy must allow public authorities to capture land value. The research presented in this article aimed to contribute to planning theory by initiating a reflection on the interactions between spatial and socioeconomic efficiency in land policy. In our view, to consider those two dimensions in a more integrated way can help in the development of the growing research field on land value capture. Our research is based on the general assumption that there are processes of mutual strengthening and blockages between spatial efficiency and socioeconomic efficiency in land policy. In order to test this assumption, an international comparison methodology was developed. In order to develop a robust methodological approach, our exploratory comparative approach is based on a theoretical framework that depicts an ideal planning system. This ideal planning system serves as a benchmark for two empirical case studies on Norway and Belgium. Through our research, we find evidence of the interdependency of spatial efficiency and socioeconomic efficiency. The results of the two case studies therefore indicate that our initial assumption is generally confirmed. However further investigations are needed to deepen our exploratory discussion of the topic.

In Belgium, the relationship between individual property rights and collectively desired land use objectives has historically favoured landowners, leading to the country being described as a “landowners’ paradise”. However, this advantageous position for landowners presents a serious obstacle to controlling urban sprawl. In response to the European Union’s goal of limiting land take, Belgian authorities are now working to develop new policies that align with the no-net-land-take (NNLT) objective. This applies to the two main regions of the country: Flanders and Wallonia. Through the exploration of two cases in the Flemish city of Ghent, this contribution assesses how Flanders’ planning is designing strategies to meet the NNLT goals. A reflection on the similarities and differences with the policy approach in Wallonia to meet almost the same goals holds international relevance, as it demonstrates how two regions emerging from a common legal and planning framework can adopt substantially different strategies due to their respective contextual factors.

À l’instar d’autres autorités régionales et nationales, les autorités wallonnes ambitionnent de limiter l’étalement urbain. Elles ont dans ce cadre mis en exergue la stratégie du zéro artificialisation nette (ZAN). Notre contribution développe deux blocages à l’implémentation effective de l’objectif ZAN en Wallonie. Il s’agit, d’une part, de la conceptualisation difficile de la notion d’artificialisation et, d’autre part, de la problématique de l’indemnisation des servitudes d’urbanisme. Il ressort de nos analyses que la concrétisation de la stratégie du ZAN nécessitera le déploiement de trois types d’action : premièrement, le développement d’un suivi de l’artificialisation qui dépasse l’approche binaire « artificialisé/non artificialisé » ; deuxièmement, l’application des dispositions légales protégeant les terrains non artificialisés sans nécessité d’indemnisation ; troisièmement, le développement de nouvelles pratiques permettant à la politique du logement de limiter les effets haussiers qui devraient accompagner la mise en œuvre de la limitation de l’offre en terrains vierges constructibles.