Retinal detachment (RD) and its special form of rhegmatogenous RD associated with choroidal detachment (RRDCD) feature similar pathological alterations, including enhanced retinal cell inflammation. Although the importance of the complement components C3a and C5a and their corresponding receptors in retinal maintenance has been demonstrated, the relevance of these molecules to the pathogenesis of RD or RRDCD remains to be investigated. The contents of C3a, C5a and inflammatory factors, such as TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6 and prostaglandin (PG)E2, in related clinical samples were examined by ELISA. Subsequently, human retinal pigment epithelial (HRPE) cells were subjected to challenge with the C3a and C5a recombinant proteins with or without C3a and C5a antagonists and NF‑κB inhibitor, and the cell viability and inflammatory cytokines were then determined by a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay and ELISA, respectively. In addition, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were utilized to examine the mRNA or/and protein levels of C3a and its receptor C3aR, as well as C5a and its receptor C5aR, and NF‑κB. In addition, the correlation of C3a and C5a with the aforementioned inflammatory factors was analyzed. The inflammatory factor levels of C3a and C5a were considerably elevated in patients with RRDCD compared to those in the controls. Consistently, C3a and C5a treatment led to increased cell viability and aggravated inflammation in HRPE cells. Accordingly, C3a and C5a induced upregulation of their corresponding receptors C3aR and C5aR, which was in turn observed to be linked to the activation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation of the complements C3a and C5a with individual TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6 and PGE2. Taken together, the C3a‑C3aR and C5a‑C5aR pathways were indicated to promote cell viability and inflammation of HRPE cells by targeting the NF‑κB signaling pathway.

This study aims to explore the differences in the levels of complement components and complement regulatory factors in the vitreous humor of patients with retinal detachment with choroidal detachme...

We investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of 25-gauge (G) vitrectomy combined with intrascleral intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. A 25G vitrectomy combined with intrascleral IOL implantation was performed on 39 patients diagnosed with lens dislocation, IOL dislocation, or aphakia. Changes in visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), number of corneal endothelial cells, location of IOL, anatomic success of IOL, recurrence rate of IOL dislocation, and complications were analyzed. One week postoperatively, the IOL was in the centered position in all patients (100%), and 1 month postoperatively, it was centered in 36 patients (92.3%). IOL haptics were exposed under the conjunctiva in one patient (2.6%). Reimplantation of IOL for IOL dislocation was required in two patients (5.1%). Three to six months postoperatively, the IOLs were in the optimum position in 36 patients (92.3%). There were significant differences between the average logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively and that before surgery (P < .05). The average IOP at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively was significantly lower than the preoperative IOP (P < .05). A 25G vitrectomy combined with intrascleral IOL implantation is effective and safe for the treatment of eyes without capsular support.

Background Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment (RRDCD) is a complex type of retinal detachment. This disease is characterized by high difficulty of operation and poor prognosis. However, the pathogenesis is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes of metabolites and metabolic pathways in vitreous fluid of RRDCD patients. Method Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method, metabolites in the vitreous fluid of RRDCD and idiopathic epimacular membrane (IEMM) patients were analyzed. A total of 28 samples were analyzed to compare the significance of different metabolites between these groups. Results We identified 135 different metabolites between the RRDCD and IEMM groups (VIP > 1, P value < 0.05). Compared with the IEMM group, the level of sphingomyelin, adenosine, L-palmitoylcarnitine and 4,7,10,13,1 6,19-docosahexaenoic acid up-regulated in RRDCD group. A series of lipid metabolites were up-regulated in RRDCD group. The main metabolic pathways involved were protein digestion and absorption, ABC transporters, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, central carbon metabolism in cancer and sphingolipids metabolism. Conclusions Our results suggest that the up-regulation of sphingomyelin and abnormal sphingolipids metabolism may induce cell migration and death after retinal or choroidal detachment. And then, it may induce intraocular inflammation and damage visual function. The accumulated L-palmitoylcarnitine and fatty acid metabolites may damage the energy pathway of retina, and aggravate the death of photoreceptors after hypoxia. These results provide clues for studying the mechanism, treatment and prognosis of RRDCD.