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Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the etiological agent of Lyme disease, produces a series of simple glycolipids where diacylglycerol and cholesterol serve as the precursor. The cholesterol-based glycolipids, cholesteryl 6-O-acyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ACGal) and cholesteryl-β-D-galactopyranoside (CGal) are immunogenic and proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of Lyme disease. Detailed studies of CGal and ACGal in Bb have been hampered by a lack of knowledge of their underlying biosynthetic processes. The genome of Bb encodes four putative glycosyltransferases, and only one of these, BB0572, was predicted to be an inverting family 2 glycosyltransferase (GT2 enzyme) capable of using UDP-galactose as a substrate and forming a β-glycosidic bond. Comparison of the 42 kDa BB0572 amino acid sequence from Bb with other Borrelia spp demonstrates that this protein is highly conserved. To establish BB0572 as the galactosyltransferase capable of cholesterol glycolipid formation in Bb, the protein was produced as a recombinant product in Escherichia coli and tested in a cell-free assay with 14C-cholesterol and UDP-galactose as the substrates. This experiment resulted in a radiolabeled lipid that migrated with the cholesterol glycolipid standard of CGal when evaluated by thin layer chromatography. Additionally, mutation in the predicted active site of BB0572 resulted in a recombinant protein that was unable to catalyze the formation of the cholesterol glycolipid. These data characterize BB0572 as a putative cholesterol galactosyltransferase. This provides the first step in understanding how Bb cholesterol glycolipids are formed and will allow investigations into their involvement in pathogen transmission and disease development.
Petronella R. Hove; Forgivemore Magunda; Maria Angela De Mello Marques; M. Nurul Islam; Marisa R. Harton; Mary Jackson; John T. Belisle. Identification and functional analysis of a galactosyltransferase capable of cholesterol glycolipid formation in the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0252214 .
AMA StylePetronella R. Hove, Forgivemore Magunda, Maria Angela De Mello Marques, M. Nurul Islam, Marisa R. Harton, Mary Jackson, John T. Belisle. Identification and functional analysis of a galactosyltransferase capable of cholesterol glycolipid formation in the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (6):e0252214.
Chicago/Turabian StylePetronella R. Hove; Forgivemore Magunda; Maria Angela De Mello Marques; M. Nurul Islam; Marisa R. Harton; Mary Jackson; John T. Belisle. 2021. "Identification and functional analysis of a galactosyltransferase capable of cholesterol glycolipid formation in the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6: e0252214.
Rice bran, removed from whole grain rice for white rice milling, has demonstrated efficacy for the control and suppression of colitis and colon cancer in multiple animal models. Dietary rice bran intake was shown to modify human stool metabolites as a result of modifications to metabolism by gut microbiota. In this study, human stool microbiota from colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors that consumed rice bran daily was examined by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for protection from azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) induced colon carcinogenesis in germ-free mice. Mice transfaunated with rice bran-modified microbiota communities (RMC) harbored fewer neoplastic lesions in the colon and displayed distinct enrichment of Flavonifractor and Oscillibacter associated with colon health, and the depletion of Parabacteroides distasonis correlated with increased tumor burden. Two anti-cancer metabolites, myristoylcarnitine and palmitoylcarnitine were increased in the colon of RMC transplanted mice. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and tartarate that are implicated in CRC development were reduced in murine colon tissue after FMT with rice bran-modified human microbiota. Findings from this study show that rice bran modified gut microbiota from humans confers protection from colon carcinogenesis in mice and suggests integrated dietary-FMT intervention strategies should be tested for colorectal cancer control, treatment, and prevention.
Kristopher Parker; Akhilendra Maurya; Hend Ibrahim; Sangeeta Rao; Petronella Hove; Dileep Kumar; Rama Kant; Bupinder Raina; Rajesh Agarwal; Kristine Kuhn; Komal Raina; Elizabeth Ryan. Dietary Rice Bran-Modified Human Gut Microbial Consortia Confers Protection against Colon Carcinogenesis Following Fecal Transfaunation. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 144 .
AMA StyleKristopher Parker, Akhilendra Maurya, Hend Ibrahim, Sangeeta Rao, Petronella Hove, Dileep Kumar, Rama Kant, Bupinder Raina, Rajesh Agarwal, Kristine Kuhn, Komal Raina, Elizabeth Ryan. Dietary Rice Bran-Modified Human Gut Microbial Consortia Confers Protection against Colon Carcinogenesis Following Fecal Transfaunation. Biomedicines. 2021; 9 (2):144.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKristopher Parker; Akhilendra Maurya; Hend Ibrahim; Sangeeta Rao; Petronella Hove; Dileep Kumar; Rama Kant; Bupinder Raina; Rajesh Agarwal; Kristine Kuhn; Komal Raina; Elizabeth Ryan. 2021. "Dietary Rice Bran-Modified Human Gut Microbial Consortia Confers Protection against Colon Carcinogenesis Following Fecal Transfaunation." Biomedicines 9, no. 2: 144.
Traditionally, iodine has been delivered as a solution, tablet or resin to disinfect water. In this study we evaluated the “I2 vapor infusion” (I2VP) technology which passes an airstream through a matrix containing elemental iodine (I2) to produce I2 vapor as an innovative method of iodine delivery for water disinfection. Pressured air was provided either by a compressor or hand pump. Testing was performed with water inoculated with either Gram-negative (Escherichia, Salmonella) or Gram-positive (Enterococcus) bacteria or with pre-formed Acinetobacter or Staphylococcus biofilms. Bacterial colony forming units were used to assess efficacy of the device. In distilled water all bacteria and biofilms were eliminated after brief exposures (
Petronella R. Hove; Daniel Mobley; Forgivemore Magunda; Douglas R. Call. Deploying Elemental Iodine in a Vapor Form to Disinfect Water and to Clear Biofilms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3489 .
AMA StylePetronella R. Hove, Daniel Mobley, Forgivemore Magunda, Douglas R. Call. Deploying Elemental Iodine in a Vapor Form to Disinfect Water and to Clear Biofilms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (10):3489.
Chicago/Turabian StylePetronella R. Hove; Daniel Mobley; Forgivemore Magunda; Douglas R. Call. 2020. "Deploying Elemental Iodine in a Vapor Form to Disinfect Water and to Clear Biofilms." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3489.