Gen Z, people born in the Internet age, are entering the labour market and soon will be responsible for public administration. Such a situation creates the need to study their professional motivations and competencies. We aim to determine: (1) What are the motivating factors of Gen Z representatives? (2) What is the factor’s structure of competencies of Gen Z employees? (3) Do Gen Z’s interest in public administration result from their needs to realise the public interest? These questions are fundamental for the strategy of hiring and training newcomers. This original paper’s insights have emerged iteratively based on a systematic literature searching method and data obtained from the surveys (n = 335). Research of Polish representatives of Gen Z showed that their expectations are similar to those found in other countries. However, their responses suggest that ethical issues are not the most important for them. The presence of generation G on the labor market will generate a paradigm shift in the activity of companies and public institutions that will be the employers of these young people. Reconfiguration of the principles of human resource management is necessary so that organizations benefit from the qualities of generation Z—they gravitate towards gamified processes because of mobile-centricity; they are natives of global communication, self-learners, and self-motivators; they appreciate transparency.

Objective To analyse retrospectively kidney and ureteric injuries (the former often associated with multiple‐organ trauma and thus optimize diagnostic and treatment methods. Patients and methods The records and details of kidney and ureteric injures treated between 1995 and 1999 in 61 urological departments in Poland were analysed. Results In all, 887 kidney injuries were analysed; blunt trauma comprised 97%, with most injuries classified as renal contusion and minor parenchymal damage (687 cases). Intravenous urography was used in 80% of the patients and computed tomography in only 20%. In all, 234 patients (26%) underwent surgery; nephrectomy was the most common surgical treatment, in 170 patients (73% of those undergoing surgery). Complications occurred in 9% of patients after conservative treatment and in 5% after surgery. Of the 452 ureteric injuries, 340 (75%) were iatrogenic, 81 (18%) blunt injuries and 31 (7%) open injuries. Of the iatrogenic injuries 73% occurred during gynaecological procedures, 14% in general surgery and 14% in urological procedures. The most frequent diagnostic method was intravenous urography (244 cases), with retrograde pyelography (98) and ureteric catheterization in 125. The diagnosis was established immediately during surgery in 104 patients. The most frequent surgical treatment was uretero‐neocystostomy (213, 47%), the others being a Boari flap (113, 25%), end‐to‐end anastomosis (92, 20%), reconstruction with an ileal loop (30, 7%) and autotransplantation (four, 1%). Conclusion In Poland, patients with blunt kidney injuries often undergo surgery, with nephrectomy the most frequent procedure. Computed tomography with the intravenous administration of contrast medium should be considered the diagnostic method of choice for kidney injures. Catheterization of the ureters before surgery and an indigocarmine intravenous infusion (to stain the urine) when a ureteric injury is suspected may reduce the rate of iatrogenic injury and improve the rate of intraoperative diagnosis. We suggest catheterizing the ureters in any doubtful case to avoid injury, because prevention is better than treatment.

Surprisingly, little is known whether the net present value (NPV) used as a financial metric in budgeting and investment planning to analyse a projects’ profitability is universal. Meanwhile, the epochal green energy revolution ensuring carbon neutrality through green innovations requires enormous investments, and projects realised must ensure energy security. Therefore, there is a need to reanalyse financial metrics used in financial planning, including NPV. We eliminate this research gap and, based on data from Poland, Romania, Hungary, Croatia, the USA, the United Kingdom, Japan, Israel, and Euro Zone, explain why one may not perceive the currently used NPV formula as a universal financial metric. We show that the variable discount rate influences the time value of money. Therefore, there is a need to redefine the NPV formula. This study makes two main contributions. First, it creates new ground by revisiting the NPV formula in the emerging market context compared to stable economies and contributes to developing business and management theory. Second, we propose and empirically verify the modified NPV formula as a financial metric that considers the situation of energy firms in emerging markets. Thus, this research helps the capital budgeting process, and the modified NPV formula can help provide optimal outcomes in firms, helping to reduce financial risks. Our study contributes to a further contextual diagnosis of business projects and can, in turn, be relevant for other energy sector analyses.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted in 2015, are the most relevant global agreements on 17 of the most important issues that are crucial to all countries and their societies. The achievement of all SDGs requires a reduction in the scale of money laundering destabilizing domestic economies. This original research study has shown that the supreme audit institutions’ (SAI) capacity to audit and evaluate anti-money laundering system is limited for a number of reasons including the lack of global SAI standards and guidelines for auditing anti-money laundering systems. The aim of this research was to create a generally accepted approach to auditing anti-money laundering outcomes. To address the research goal, interviews were conducted with 15 representatives of 11 SAIs. In addition, members of the International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI) were interviewed and SAI audits of anti-money laundering entities were analysed. A literature review was also carried out. Based on this research study, an original approach both to managing anti-money laundering and auditing such activities was created. This research provides the basis for strengthening risk management that supports an efficient realization of SDGs. The proposed Sustainable Model for Anti-Money Laundering will enhance SAI’s audit capacity and significantly improve parliamentary watchdogs’ investigative functions.

Although NFTs (non-fungible tokens) and cryptocurrencies are active on the same market, their prices are not so closely related over time. The objective of this paper is to identify the relationship between the two types of assets (NFTs and the cryptocurrencies Ethereum, Crypto Coin, and Bitcoin), using data for the period between September 2020 until February 2022. The conclusions of the study are useful for cryptocurrency and NFT issuers, but also for investors on the financial market who are reconfiguring their portfolios with increasing frequency, and use these new assets for speculative or hedging purposes based on blockchain technology. The results highlighted relationships between NFTs and Ethereum, between Ethereum and Crypto Coin, and between Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum being a bridge between all four. Therefore, NFTs present a relationship with Ethereum, the NFTs price had a causal effect on the price of Ethereum.

Previous research into Economic Value Added (EVA) has extensively described it as a business metric of firms. Still, no studies have confirmed or denied that EVA is a universal metric and that one may use EVA in unstable markets in the same way as in stable and developed economies. Meanwhile, the green energy revolution, ensuring carbon neutrality through green innovations, requires enormous investments, and the projects realised must be appropriately tailored. These projects are realised by different firms, including those from developing countries, and investors need solid financial metrics. The study determines whether EVA is a universal metric of owners’ value in the energy sector. The research proves that this metric does not correctly reflect the limitations of emerging markets, can lead to incorrect managerial decisions and limit shareholders’ value. Therefore, there is a need to reanalyse financial metrics used in financial planning, including EVA. The study eliminates this research gap and, based on data from seven countries and the Euro Zone, explains why one may not perceive the currently used EVA formula as a universal financial metric. Consequently, the study modifies the EVA formula and presents a universal solution tailored to unstable economies. In the conducted research, literature studies were used, taking into account the methodology of a systematic literature review, including bibliometric analysis. Based on this review, it is shown that little is known about whether EVA as a financial measure can be used in energy management. Two conclusions emerged: first, the research contributes to developing the business and management science; second, identifying risks associated with EVA metrics helps practitioners. In addition, the study defined further research directions.