Bearings are vital automation machine elements that are used quite frequently for power transmission and shaft bearing in rotating machines. The healthy operation of the bearings directly affects the performance of the rotating machines. Bearing faults may cause more vibration than normal in rotating machines, which wastes power. However, further bearing failures can cause vital damage to rotating machines. In this study, bearing vibration values are obtained through a special test setup. Different types and different sizes of artificial faults have been created in the bearings for the testing process. Data on these bearings are collected at different speeds. The purpose of the study is to diagnose faults in the bearings. In this context, a new approach is proposed. First, the one-dimensional local binary pattern (1D-LBP) method is applied to vibration signals, and all signal data are carried to the 1D-LBP plane. Statistical features are obtained from the signals in the 1D-LBP plane by using these features, and then the vibrational signals are classified by the gray relational analysis (GRA) model. Four different data sets are organized to test the proposed approach. The results of the test process with this proposed model have an accuracy of 99.044% for Dataset1 (different speed - 300 rpm intervals), 94.224% for Dataset2 (different speed - 60 rpm intervals), and 99.584% for Dataset3 (fault size (mm)); a 100% average success rate is observed for Dataset4 (fault type - error free bearing (EFB), inner ring fault (IRF), outer ring fault (ORF), and ball fault (BF)).

Recently, precise and deterministic feature extraction is one of the current research topics for bearing fault diagnosis. For this aim, an experimental bearing test setup was created in this study. In this setup, vibration signals were obtained from the bearings on which artificial faults were generated in specific sizes. A new feature extraction method based on co-occurrence matrices for bearing vibration signals was proposed instead of the conventional feature extraction methods, as in the literature. The One (1) Dimensional–Local Binary Patterns (1D-LBP) method was first applied to bearing vibration signals, and a new signal whose values ranged between 0–255 was obtained. Then, co-occurrence matrices were obtained from these signals. The correlation, energy, homogeneity, and contrast features were extracted from these matrices. Different machine learning methods were employed with these features to carry out the classification process. Three different data sets were used to test the proposed approach. As a result of analysing the signals with the proposed model, the success rate is 87.50% for dataset1 (different speed), 96.5% for dataset2 (fault size (mm)) and 99.30% for dataset3 (fault type – inner ring, outer ring, ball) was found, respectively.