On the basis of the side effects of detrimental synthetic chemicals, introducing healthy, available, and effective bioagents for pest management is critical. Due to this circumstance, several studies have been conducted that evaluate the pesticidal potency of plant-derived essential oils. This review presents the pesticidal efficiency of essential oils isolated from different genera of the Lamiaceae family including Agastache Gronovius, Hyptis Jacquin, Lavandula L., Lepechinia Willdenow, Mentha L., Melissa L., Ocimum L., Origanum L., Perilla L., Perovskia Kar., Phlomis L., Rosmarinus L., Salvia L., Satureja L., Teucrium L., Thymus L., Zataria Boissier, and Zhumeria Rech. Along with acute toxicity, the sublethal effects were illustrated such as repellency, antifeedant activity, and adverse effects on the protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents, and on the esterase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes. Chemical profiles of the introduced essential oils and the pesticidal effects of their main components have also been documented including terpenes (hydrocarbon monoterpene, monoterpenoid, hydrocarbon sesquiterpene, and sesquiterpenoid) and aliphatic phenylpropanoid. Consequently, the essential oils of the Lamiaceae plant family and their main components, especially monoterpenoid ones with several bioeffects and multiple modes of action against different groups of damaging insects and mites, are considered to be safe, available, and efficient alternatives to the harmful synthetic pesticides.

Bioassays were conducted to assess the effects of two silicon dioxide nanoparticles of Aerosil^® and Nanosav against adults of Rhyzopertha dominica F. and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. Silica nanoparticles were applied at the rates of 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg · kg⁻¹ on wheat and peeled barley. The mortality was counted after 1, 2, 3, and 7 days of exposure. Another experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of food source on the survival of beetles after exposure to silica nanoparticles. Adults were exposed to silica nanoparticles at the rate of 0.2 mg · cm⁻² for 1 and 2 days on filter paper inside plastic Petri dishes, respectively. After exposure, the initial mortality was counted and live individuals of both species were held for a week in empty glass vials or vials containing wheat and wheat flour, respectively. Silica nanoparticles have high toxicity on R. dominica and T. confusum adults. Rhyzopertha dominica was more susceptible than T. confusum. However, the mortality of both species increased with increasing concentrations and time exposed to each concentration. At low concentrations, Aerosil^® was more effective than Nanosav. Silica nanoparticles were more effective in wheat grains than barley. Results indicated that the initial mortality was so high that the impact of food source on delay mortality was unclear in most cases. Silica nanoparticles were efficient against tested species and can be used effectively in a stored grain integrated pest management program.

Inert dust insecticides (IDIs) can make a significant contribution to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs of stored grain providing insect control and preserving grain quality during storage. Unlike chemical-based insecticides, IDIs are unaffected by even high summer temperatures and maintain efficacy for many months rather than the days or weeks of their chemical counterparts. Their three main applications are structural treatment of empty storage facilities and grain- handling machinery; commodity capping and surface admixture treatments. For structural treatment, IDIs can be sprayed on surfaces as dust or aqueous slurry. IDIs can be applied along with aeration, temperature control and flow-through fumigation like phosphine or other gaseous insecticides in the form of capping treatments and in surface admixture treatments. IDI treated commodities have been approved by organic grower associations.

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to assess the insecticidal efficacy of the formulation SilicoSec® used alone or in combination with isolates of entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff) Sorokin and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. SilicoSec® is a commercial diatomaceous earth (DE) formulation. Wheat was treated with 200 mg/kg of DE, 400 mg/kg of each isolates alone or a combination of them, against Tribolium castaneum Herbst, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. The experiments were carried out at 27±1°C and 65±5% relative humidity (RH) in continuous darkness. The pathogenicity of all isolates was significantly low even after 7 days of exposure, with the exception of R. dominica. The isolates were virulent to the beetles, but the efficacy of the isolates was enhanced in combination with the DE. Tribolium castaneum was the most resistant species, followed by R. dominica. The findings indicated that the addition of the DE to the isolates increased the pathogenicity especially at the highest exposure interval. The addition of DE may provide satisfactory control of the insect-pests of stored products.