The edible quality of vegetable soybean is significantly associated with the number and type of metabolites. In the present study, metabolites in new vegetable soybean variety Mindou 6 at 49 to 67 days after flowering was investigated using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The results showed that a total of 102 metabolites were identified from the vegetable soybean seeds, including 36 organic acids (35.3%), 21 amino acids, 11 polyols, 9 sugars, 7 phosphoric acids, 5 amines, 4 fatty acids, 4 nucleotides, and 5 other components. The principal component analysis indicated that the metabolites of amino acids, organic acids and sugars were greatly related to the quality of the vegetable soybean at the filling stages. A total of 40 differential metabolites were identified, including 14 amino acids, 13 organic acids and 2 sugars, and were found to be mainly involved in the metabolism of glycolysis, amino acids and phenylpropanoid. We systematically analyzed the change in the contents of metabolites in the developmental seeds of Mindou 6 and its effects on seed nutrition and eating quality. The suitable picking time was determined by combining the fresh pod yield and appearance quality. Taken together, these results can provide a theoretical reference for vegetable soybean breeding for high quality and efficient production.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an oil and economic crop of vital importance, and peanut pod is the key organ influencing the yield and processing quality. Hence, the Pod-related traits (PRTs) are considered as important agronomic traits in peanut breeding. To broaden the variability of PRTs in current peanut germplasms, three elite peanut cultivars were used to construct Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-induced mutant libraries in this study. The optimal EMS treatment conditions for the three peanut varieties were determined. It was found that the median lethal dose (LD50) of EMS treatment varied greatly among different genotypes. Finally, the EMS-induced peanut mutant libraries were constructed and a total of 124 mutant lines for PRTs were identified and evaluated. Furthermore, “M-8070”, one of the mutant lines for pod constriction, was re-sequenced via high-throughput sequencing technology. The genome-wide variations between “M-8070” and its wild parent “Fuhua 8” (FH 8) were detected. 2994 EMS-induced single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 1188 insertion-deletions (InDels) between “M-8070” and its wild parent were identified. The predominant SNP mutation type was C/G to T/A transitions, while the predominant InDel mutation type was “1-bp”. We analyzed the distribution of identified mutations and annotated their functions. Most of the mutations (91.68% of the SNPs and 77.69% of the InDels) were located in the intergenic region. 72 SNPs were identified in the exonic region, leading to 27 synonymous, 43 non-synonymous and 2 stop-gain variation for gene structure. 13 Indels were identified in the exonic region, leading to 4 frame-shift, 8 non-frame-shift and 1 stop-gain variations of genes. These mutations may lead to the phenotypic variation of “M-8070”. Our study provided valuable resources for peanut improvement and functional genomic research.