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Moisture content is an important factor that affects rice storage. Rice with high moisture (HM) content has superior taste but is difficult to store. In this study, low-dose electron beam irradiation (EBI) was used to study water distribution in newly harvested HM (15.03%) rice and dried rice (11.97%) via low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR). The gelatinization, texture and rheological properties of rice and the thermal and digestion properties of rice starch were determined. Results showed that low-dose EBI could change water distribution in rice mainly by affecting free water under low-moisture (LM) conditions and free water and bound water under HM conditions. HM rice showed smooth changes in gelatinization and rheological properties and softened textural properties. The swelling power and solubility index indicated that irradiation promoted the depolymerization of starch chains. Overall, low-dose EBI had little effect on the properties of rice. HM rice showed superior quality and taste, whereas LM rice exhibited superior nutritional quality. This work attempted to optimize the outcome of the EBI treatment of rice for storage purposes by analyzing its effects. It demonstrated that low-dose EBI was more effective and environmentally friendly than other techniques.
Lihong Pan; Jiali Xing; Xiaohu Luo; Yanan Li; Dongling Sun; Yuheng Zhai; Kai Yang; Zhengxing Chen. Influence of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Moisture and Properties of Freshly Harvested and Sun-Dried Rice. Foods 2020, 9, 1139 .
AMA StyleLihong Pan, Jiali Xing, Xiaohu Luo, Yanan Li, Dongling Sun, Yuheng Zhai, Kai Yang, Zhengxing Chen. Influence of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Moisture and Properties of Freshly Harvested and Sun-Dried Rice. Foods. 2020; 9 (9):1139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLihong Pan; Jiali Xing; Xiaohu Luo; Yanan Li; Dongling Sun; Yuheng Zhai; Kai Yang; Zhengxing Chen. 2020. "Influence of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Moisture and Properties of Freshly Harvested and Sun-Dried Rice." Foods 9, no. 9: 1139.
Electron beam irradiation (EBI) has high energy, no induced radioactivity, and strong degradation capacity toward mycotoxins, such as zearalenone (ZEN) and ochratoxin A (OTA). In this study, we determined EBI’s influence on the physical and chemical properties of corn contaminated with ZEN and OTA. Moreover, the toxicity of corn after EBI was assessed through a mouse experiment. Amylose content and starch crystallinity in corn decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at an irradiation dose higher than 20 kGy. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the starch particles of corn began to be crushed at 10 kGy. Essential and total amino acid contents in corn decreased significantly with increasing irradiation dose of EBI (p < 0.05). Feeding EBI-treated corn fodders to mice could significantly improve blood biochemical indexes. The EBI-treated group was not significantly different from the normal corn group and did not display histopathological changes of the liver. EBI treatment can influence the quality of corn to some extent and effectively lower the toxicity of ZEN and OTA in contaminated corn. The results provide a theoretical and practical basis for the processing of EBI-treated corn and its safety.
Xiaohu Luo; Yuheng Zhai; Lijun Qi; Lihong Pan; Jing Wang; Jiali Xing; Ren Wang; Li Wang; Qingchuan Zhang; Kai Yang; Zhengxing Chen. Influences of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Zearalenone- and Ochratoxin A-Contaminated Corn and In Vivo Toxicity Assessment. Foods 2020, 9, 376 .
AMA StyleXiaohu Luo, Yuheng Zhai, Lijun Qi, Lihong Pan, Jing Wang, Jiali Xing, Ren Wang, Li Wang, Qingchuan Zhang, Kai Yang, Zhengxing Chen. Influences of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Zearalenone- and Ochratoxin A-Contaminated Corn and In Vivo Toxicity Assessment. Foods. 2020; 9 (3):376.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaohu Luo; Yuheng Zhai; Lijun Qi; Lihong Pan; Jing Wang; Jiali Xing; Ren Wang; Li Wang; Qingchuan Zhang; Kai Yang; Zhengxing Chen. 2020. "Influences of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Zearalenone- and Ochratoxin A-Contaminated Corn and In Vivo Toxicity Assessment." Foods 9, no. 3: 376.
Zearalenone (ZEN) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are key concerns of the food industry because of their toxicity and pollution scope. This study investigated the effects of ozone and electron beam irradiation (EBI) on the degradation of ZEN and OTA. Results demonstrated that 2 mL of 50 μg/mL ZEN was completely degraded after 10 s of treatment by 2.0 mg/L ozone. The degradation rate of 1 μg/mL ZEN by 16 kGy EBI was 92.76%. Methanol was superior to acetonitrile in terms of degrading ZEN when the irradiation dose was higher than 6 kGy. The degradation rate of 2 mL of 5 μg/mL OTA by 50 mg/L ozone at 180 s was 34%, and that of 1 μg/mL OTA by 16 kGy EBI exceeded 90%. Moreover, OTA degraded more rapidly in acetonitrile. Ozone performed better in the degradation of ZEN, whereas EBI was better for OTA. The conclusions provide theoretical and practical bases for the degradation of different fungal toxins.
Kai Yang; Ke Li; Lihong Pan; Xiaohu Luo; Jiali Xing; Jing Wang; Li Wang; Ren Wang; Yuheng Zhai; Zhengxing Chen. Effect of Ozone and Electron Beam Irradiation on Degradation of Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A. Toxins 2020, 12, 138 .
AMA StyleKai Yang, Ke Li, Lihong Pan, Xiaohu Luo, Jiali Xing, Jing Wang, Li Wang, Ren Wang, Yuheng Zhai, Zhengxing Chen. Effect of Ozone and Electron Beam Irradiation on Degradation of Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A. Toxins. 2020; 12 (2):138.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Yang; Ke Li; Lihong Pan; Xiaohu Luo; Jiali Xing; Jing Wang; Li Wang; Ren Wang; Yuheng Zhai; Zhengxing Chen. 2020. "Effect of Ozone and Electron Beam Irradiation on Degradation of Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A." Toxins 12, no. 2: 138.