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Aim Traditional African vegetables have high potential to contribute to healthy diets and climate resilience in sub‐Saharan African food systems. However, their genetic resources are likely at threat because they are underutilized and under the radar of agricultural research. This paper aims to contribute to a conservation agenda for traditional African vegetables by examining the geographical diversity and conservation status of these species. Location Sub‐Saharan Africa. Methods 126 traditional annual and perennial African vegetables were selected for their food and nutrition potential. Food uses and species’ areas of origin were recorded from literature. Species’ presence records were collected from open‐access databases of genebanks and herbaria. These records were used to determine geographical patterns of observed and modelled richness, to distinguish geographical clusters with different compositions of vegetables, to assess species’ ex situ and in situ conservation status and to prioritize countries for conservation actions. Results Of the 126 species, 79 originated in sub‐Saharan Africa. High levels of observed and modelled species richness were found in: (a) West Tropical Africa in Ghana, Togo and Benin; (b) West‐Central Tropical Africa in South Cameroon; (c) Northeast and East Tropical Africa in Ethiopia and Tanzania; and (d) Southern Africa in Eswatini. South Sudan, Angola and DR Congo are potential areas of high species richness that require further exploration. In general, ex situ conservation status of the selected species was poor compared to their in situ conservation status. Main conclusions Areas of high species richness in West Tropical Africa, South Cameroon and Ethiopia coincide with centres of crop domestication and cultural diversity. Hotspots of diversity in Tanzania and Eswatini are especially rich in wild vegetables. Addressing the conservation of vegetable diversity in West Tropical Africa and South Cameroon is of most urgent concern as vegetable genetic resources from these locations are least represented in ex situ collections.
Maarten Van Zonneveld; Roeland Kindt; Svein Ø. Solberg; Sognigbé N'danikou; Ian K. Dawson. Diversity and conservation of traditional African vegetables: Priorities for action. Diversity and Distributions 2020, 27, 216 -232.
AMA StyleMaarten Van Zonneveld, Roeland Kindt, Svein Ø. Solberg, Sognigbé N'danikou, Ian K. Dawson. Diversity and conservation of traditional African vegetables: Priorities for action. Diversity and Distributions. 2020; 27 (2):216-232.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaarten Van Zonneveld; Roeland Kindt; Svein Ø. Solberg; Sognigbé N'danikou; Ian K. Dawson. 2020. "Diversity and conservation of traditional African vegetables: Priorities for action." Diversity and Distributions 27, no. 2: 216-232.
Vegetables are rich in vitamins and other micronutrients and are important crops for healthy diets and diversification of the food system, and many traditional (also termed underutilized or indigenous) species may play a role. The current study analyzed 35 vegetables with a European region of diversity with the effort to map the conservation status in Fennoscandia and beyond. We mapped georeferenced occurrences and current genebank holdings based on global databases and conducted conservation gaps analysis based on representativeness scores in situ and ex situ. Out of the 35 target species, 19 got at a high priority score for further conservation initiatives, while another 14 species got a medium priority score. We identified a pattern where traditional vegetables are poorly represented in genebank holdings. This corresponds well to a lack of attention in the scientific community measured in number of published papers. Considering the grand challenges ahead in terms of climate change, population growth and demand for sustainability, traditional vegetables deserve greater attention. Our contribution is to provide a basis for conservation priorities among the identified vegetables species native to Fennoscandia.
Kauê De Sousa; Svein Solberg. Conservation Gaps in Traditional Vegetables Native to Europe and Fennoscandia. Agriculture 2020, 10, 340 .
AMA StyleKauê De Sousa, Svein Solberg. Conservation Gaps in Traditional Vegetables Native to Europe and Fennoscandia. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (8):340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKauê De Sousa; Svein Solberg. 2020. "Conservation Gaps in Traditional Vegetables Native to Europe and Fennoscandia." Agriculture 10, no. 8: 340.
Around the world, there are more than 1500 genebanks storing plant genetic resources to be used in breeding and research. Such resources are essential for future food security, but many genebanks experience backlogs in their conservation work, often combined with limited budgets. Therefore, avoiding duplicate holdings is on the agenda. A process of coordination has started, aiming at sharing the responsibility of maintaining the unique accessions while allowing access according to the international treaty for plant genetic resources. Identifying duplicate holdings based on passport data has been one component of this. In the past, and especially in vegetables, different selections within the same varieties were common and the naming practices of cultivars/selections were flexible. Here, we examined 10 accession pairs/groups of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) with similar names maintained in the Russian and Nordic genebanks. The accessions were analyzed for 11 morphological traits and with a SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) array developed for B. napus. Both proved to be useful tools for understanding the genetic structure among the accessions and for identifying duplicates, and a subset of 500 SNP markers are suggested for future Brassica oleracea genetic characterization. Within five out of 10 pairs/groups, we detected clear genetic differences among the accessions, and three of these were confirmed by significant differences in one or several morphological traits. In one case, a white cabbage and a red cabbage had similar accession names. The study highlights the necessity to be careful when identifying duplicate accessions based solely on the name, especially in older cross-pollinated species such as cabbage.
Anna E. Palmé; Jenny Hagenblad; Svein Øivind Solberg; Karolina Aloisi; Anna Artemyeva. SNP Markers and Evaluation of Duplicate Holdings of Brassica oleracea in Two European Genebanks. Plants 2020, 9, 925 .
AMA StyleAnna E. Palmé, Jenny Hagenblad, Svein Øivind Solberg, Karolina Aloisi, Anna Artemyeva. SNP Markers and Evaluation of Duplicate Holdings of Brassica oleracea in Two European Genebanks. Plants. 2020; 9 (8):925.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna E. Palmé; Jenny Hagenblad; Svein Øivind Solberg; Karolina Aloisi; Anna Artemyeva. 2020. "SNP Markers and Evaluation of Duplicate Holdings of Brassica oleracea in Two European Genebanks." Plants 9, no. 8: 925.
As part of conservation of plant genetic resources, long-term storage of seeds is highly relevant for genebanks. Here we present a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies on seed longevity focusing on half-life (P50) under different storage conditions. Six studies were selected for the meta-analysis; in addition, a high number of additional references were included in the discussion of the results. The results show that under ambient conditions, half-life is short, from 5 to 10 years, while under more optimal conditions, which for orthodox seeds is at low humidity and low temperature, half-life is more in the 40-60 years range, although with large interspecies variation. Under long-term genebank conditions, with seeds dried to equilibrium and thereafter kept at minus 18-20°C in waterproof bags or jars, half-life can be twice or three times as long. In general, many of the grain legume seeds, as well as corn, common oat, and common barley are long-lived, while cereal rye, onion, garden lettuce, pepper, and some of the forage grasses are more short-lived. Conditions during maturation and harvesting influence longevity, and proper maturation and gentle handling are known to be of importance. Seed longevity models have been developed to predict final germination based on initial viability, temperature, humidity, storage time, and species information. We compared predicted germination to results from the long-term experiments. The predicted values were higher or much higher than the observed values, which demonstrate that something in the seed handling in the genebanks have not been optimal. Long-term studies are now available with data at least up to 60 years of storage. Our review shows that the knowledge and methodology developed for the conservation of plant genetic resources should also work for wild species of orthodox seed nature.
Svein Øivind Solberg; Flemming Yndgaard; Christian Andreasen; Roland Von Bothmer; Igor G. Loskutov; Åsmund Asdal. Long-Term Storage and Longevity of Orthodox Seeds: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Plant Science 2020, 11, 1007 .
AMA StyleSvein Øivind Solberg, Flemming Yndgaard, Christian Andreasen, Roland Von Bothmer, Igor G. Loskutov, Åsmund Asdal. Long-Term Storage and Longevity of Orthodox Seeds: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020; 11 ():1007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSvein Øivind Solberg; Flemming Yndgaard; Christian Andreasen; Roland Von Bothmer; Igor G. Loskutov; Åsmund Asdal. 2020. "Long-Term Storage and Longevity of Orthodox Seeds: A Systematic Review." Frontiers in Plant Science 11, no. : 1007.
Kauê De Sousa; Adam H. Sparks; William Ashmall; Jacob Van Etten; Svein Ø. Solberg. chirps: API Client for the CHIRPS Precipitation Data in R. Journal of Open Source Software 2020, 5, 2419 .
AMA StyleKauê De Sousa, Adam H. Sparks, William Ashmall, Jacob Van Etten, Svein Ø. Solberg. chirps: API Client for the CHIRPS Precipitation Data in R. Journal of Open Source Software. 2020; 5 (51):2419.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKauê De Sousa; Adam H. Sparks; William Ashmall; Jacob Van Etten; Svein Ø. Solberg. 2020. "chirps: API Client for the CHIRPS Precipitation Data in R." Journal of Open Source Software 5, no. 51: 2419.
More than 30 years ago, the Nordic Gene Bank established a long-term experiment on seeds stored under permafrost conditions in an abandoned mine corridor in Svalbard, as a tool to monitor storage life under these conditions. The study included seeds from 16 Nordic agricultural and horticultural crops, each represented by two or three cultivars (altogether 38 accessions). All seeds were ultra-dried to 3–5% moisture before being sealed in glass tubes. Germination tests were performed in accordance with the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) protocols. At the initiation of the experiment, the samples showed good germination with the median value at 92%. The overall picture remained stable over the first twenty to twenty-five years. However, the variation became larger over time and at 30 years, the median value had dropped to 80%. At the lower end, with a high drop in germination, we found rye, wheat, and English ryegrass. At the upper end, we found Kentucky bluegrass and cucumber. The lowest germination was found in samples with the highest initial seed moisture levels. Pre-storage conditions are likely to be of major importance for longevity.
Svein Øivind Solberg; Guro Brodal; Roland Von Bothmer; Eivind Meen; Flemming Yndgaard; Christian Andreasen; Åsmund Asdal. Seed Germination after 30 Years Storage in Permafrost. Plants 2020, 9, 579 .
AMA StyleSvein Øivind Solberg, Guro Brodal, Roland Von Bothmer, Eivind Meen, Flemming Yndgaard, Christian Andreasen, Åsmund Asdal. Seed Germination after 30 Years Storage in Permafrost. Plants. 2020; 9 (5):579.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSvein Øivind Solberg; Guro Brodal; Roland Von Bothmer; Eivind Meen; Flemming Yndgaard; Christian Andreasen; Åsmund Asdal. 2020. "Seed Germination after 30 Years Storage in Permafrost." Plants 9, no. 5: 579.
This study provides insights in patterns of distribution of abiotic and biotic stress resilience across Vigna gene pools to enhance the use and conservation of these genetic resources for legume breeding. Vigna is a pantropical genus with more than 88 taxa including important crops such as V. radiata (mung bean) and V. unguiculata (cowpea). Our results show that sources of pest and disease resistance occur in at least 75 percent of the Vigna taxa, which were part of screening assessments, while sources of abiotic stress resilience occur in less than 30 percent of screened taxa. This difference in levels of resilience suggests that Vigna taxa co-evolve with pests and diseases while taxa are more conservative to adapt to climatic changes and salinization. Twenty-two Vigna taxa are poorly conserved in genebanks or not at all. This germplasm is not available for legume breeding and requires urgent germplasm collecting before these taxa extirpate on farm and in the wild. Vigna taxa, which tolerate heat and drought stress are rare compared with taxa, which escape these stresses because of short growing seasons or with taxa, which tolerate salinity. We recommend prioritizing these rare Vigna taxa for conservation and screening for combined abiotic and biotic stress resilience resulting from stacked or multifunctional traits. The high presence of salinity tolerance compared with drought stress tolerance, suggests that Vigna taxa are good at developing salt-tolerant traits. Vigna taxa are therefore of high value for legume production in areas that will suffer from salinization under global climate change.
Maarten Van Zonneveld; Mohamed Rakha; Shin Yee Tan; Yu-Yu Chou; Ching-Huan Chang; Jo-Yi Yen; Roland Schafleitner; Ramakrishnan Nair; Ken Naito; Svein Ø. Solberg. Mapping patterns of abiotic and biotic stress resilience uncovers conservation gaps and breeding potential of Vigna wild relatives. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -11.
AMA StyleMaarten Van Zonneveld, Mohamed Rakha, Shin Yee Tan, Yu-Yu Chou, Ching-Huan Chang, Jo-Yi Yen, Roland Schafleitner, Ramakrishnan Nair, Ken Naito, Svein Ø. Solberg. Mapping patterns of abiotic and biotic stress resilience uncovers conservation gaps and breeding potential of Vigna wild relatives. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaarten Van Zonneveld; Mohamed Rakha; Shin Yee Tan; Yu-Yu Chou; Ching-Huan Chang; Jo-Yi Yen; Roland Schafleitner; Ramakrishnan Nair; Ken Naito; Svein Ø. Solberg. 2020. "Mapping patterns of abiotic and biotic stress resilience uncovers conservation gaps and breeding potential of Vigna wild relatives." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-11.
Prachanda Khadka; Svein Øivind Solberg. Apple value chain analysis in two mountainous districts in Nepal. Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research 2020, 8, 1 -10.
AMA StylePrachanda Khadka, Svein Øivind Solberg. Apple value chain analysis in two mountainous districts in Nepal. Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research. 2020; 8 (1):1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StylePrachanda Khadka; Svein Øivind Solberg. 2020. "Apple value chain analysis in two mountainous districts in Nepal." Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research 8, no. 1: 1-10.
In this paper, we survey traditional leafy vegetables linked to the New Guinea biodiversity hotspot. More than 30 species were identified, and data on occurrences and global genebank holdings were retrieved. The result revealed that traditional vegetables from this hotspot are highly under-represented in the global conservation system for plant genetic resources. Among targeted perennial tree or shrub species, no single accessions were reported as conserved in genebanks. We argue for the importance of safeguarding crop diversity for future generations and for promoting the traditional knowledge linked to cultivation and use of such nutritional plants.
Svein Øivind Solberg; Philmah Seta-Waken; Tania Paul; Gomathy Palaniappan; Ellen Iramu. Patterns in the conservation and use of traditional vegetables from the New Guinean biodiversity hotspot. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 2018, 42, 1079 -1091.
AMA StyleSvein Øivind Solberg, Philmah Seta-Waken, Tania Paul, Gomathy Palaniappan, Ellen Iramu. Patterns in the conservation and use of traditional vegetables from the New Guinean biodiversity hotspot. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems. 2018; 42 (10):1079-1091.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSvein Øivind Solberg; Philmah Seta-Waken; Tania Paul; Gomathy Palaniappan; Ellen Iramu. 2018. "Patterns in the conservation and use of traditional vegetables from the New Guinean biodiversity hotspot." Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems 42, no. 10: 1079-1091.
Despite an increasing awareness of the potential of “orphan” or unimproved crops to contribute to food security and enhanced livelihoods for farmers, coordinated research agendas to facilitate production and use of orphan crops by local communities are generally lacking. We provide an overview of the current knowledge on leafy vegetables with a focus on Gynandropsis gynandra, a highly nutritious species used in Africa and Asia, and highlight general and species-specific guidelines for participatory, genomics-assisted breeding of orphan crops. Key steps in genome-enabled orphan leafy vegetables improvement are identified and discussed in the context of Gynandropsis gynandra breeding, including: (1) germplasm collection and management; (2) product target definition and refinement; (3) characterization of the genetic control of key traits; (4) design of the ‘process’ for cultivar development; (5) integration of genomic data to optimize that ‘process’; (6) multi-environmental participatory testing and end-user evaluation; and (7) crop value chain development. The review discusses each step in detail, with emphasis on improving leaf yield, phytonutrient content, organoleptic quality, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and post-harvest management. Developing the potential of neglected crops can improve food security and economic stability of impoverished farmers. Orphan crops are local, often indigenous, crop species which have been overlooked by research and underutilized as an agricultural resource. Eric Schranz of Wageningen University and his colleagues around the world have reviewed what is known about orphan leafy vegetables and provided guidelines to coordinate research into their breeding and cultivation. The guidelines include increasing awareness of orphan crop potential, collecting and characterizing wild varieties, implementing a breeding program based on modern genetics and genomics, and integrating the needs of key players throughout the process. Orphan leafy vegetables offer an excellent opportunity for small-scale farmers to feed and support themselves, but properly developing this resource requires a concerted effort from researchers, seed companies, policy-makers, farmers, and consumers.
E. O. Deedi Sogbohossou; Enoch G. Achigan-Dako; Patrick Maundu; Svein Øivind Solberg; Edgar M. S. Deguenon; Rita H. Mumm; Iago Hale; Allen Van Deynze; M. Eric Schranz. A roadmap for breeding orphan leafy vegetable species: a case study of Gynandropsis gynandra (Cleomaceae). Horticulture Research 2018, 5, 1 -15.
AMA StyleE. O. Deedi Sogbohossou, Enoch G. Achigan-Dako, Patrick Maundu, Svein Øivind Solberg, Edgar M. S. Deguenon, Rita H. Mumm, Iago Hale, Allen Van Deynze, M. Eric Schranz. A roadmap for breeding orphan leafy vegetable species: a case study of Gynandropsis gynandra (Cleomaceae). Horticulture Research. 2018; 5 (1):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. O. Deedi Sogbohossou; Enoch G. Achigan-Dako; Patrick Maundu; Svein Øivind Solberg; Edgar M. S. Deguenon; Rita H. Mumm; Iago Hale; Allen Van Deynze; M. Eric Schranz. 2018. "A roadmap for breeding orphan leafy vegetable species: a case study of Gynandropsis gynandra (Cleomaceae)." Horticulture Research 5, no. 1: 1-15.
Food legumes like mungbean (Vigna radiata var. radiata), black gram (Vigna mungo), and rice bean (Vigna umbellata) have potential to diversify diets and agro-ecosystems of the tropics. Access to genetic diversity and phenotypic data are key issues for crop improvement. Large germplasm collections like the one at the World Vegetable Center may be used in detecting trait relationships and to identify accessions of interest for breeding. The current study provides results of more than 30 years of field characterization, including 9 numeric and 15 categorical descriptors and more than 10,000 accessions or sub-accessions. Core collections were established in black gram and rice bean. A positive correlation was detected between yield components such as seed size and pod length, and between these yield components and less desirable traits such as plant height and late maturity. High within-accession diversity was identified in several of the accessions.
C.H. Chang; Y.Y Chou; F. Yndgaard; S.ø. Solberg. Trait patterns of mungbean, black gram and rice bean. LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleC.H. Chang, Y.Y Chou, F. Yndgaard, S.ø. Solberg. Trait patterns of mungbean, black gram and rice bean. LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL. 2017; (of):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC.H. Chang; Y.Y Chou; F. Yndgaard; S.ø. Solberg. 2017. "Trait patterns of mungbean, black gram and rice bean." LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL , no. of: 1.
Eggplant is the fifth most economically important solanaceous crop after potato, tomato, pepper and tobacco. Apart from the well-known brinjal eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), two other under-utilized eggplant species, the scarlet eggplant (S. aethiopicum L.) and the gboma eggplant (S. macrocarpon L.) are also cultivated. The taxonomy and identification of eggplant wild relatives is challenging for breeders due to the large number of related species, but recent phenotypic and genetic data and classification in primary, secondary and tertiary genepools, as well as information on the domestication process and wild progenitors, facilitates their utilization in breeding. The World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg) holds a large public germplasm collection of eggplant, which includes the three cultivated species and more than 30 eggplant wild relatives, with more than 3,200 accessions collected from 90 countries. Over the last 15 years, more than 10,000 seed samples from the Center’s eggplant collection have been shared with public and private sector entities, including other genebanks. An analysis of the global occurrences and genebank holdings of cultivated eggplants and their wild relatives reveals that the WorldVeg genebank holds the world’s largest public collection of the three cultivated eggplant species. The composition, seed dissemination and utilization of germplasm from the Center’s collection are highlighted. In recent years more than 1300 accessions of eggplant have been characterized for yield and fruit quality parameters. Further screening for biotic and abiotic stresses in eggplant wild relatives is a priority, as is the need to amass more comprehensive knowledge regarding wild relatives’ potential for use in breeding. However, as is the case for many other crops, wild relatives are highly under-represented in the global conservation system of eggplant genetic resources.
Dalia Taher; Svein Ø. Solberg; Jaime Prohens; Yu-Yu Chou; Mohamed Rakha; Tien-Hor Wu. World Vegetable Center Eggplant Collection: Origin, Composition, Seed Dissemination and Utilization in Breeding. Frontiers in Plant Science 2017, 8, 1484 -1484.
AMA StyleDalia Taher, Svein Ø. Solberg, Jaime Prohens, Yu-Yu Chou, Mohamed Rakha, Tien-Hor Wu. World Vegetable Center Eggplant Collection: Origin, Composition, Seed Dissemination and Utilization in Breeding. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2017; 8 ():1484-1484.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDalia Taher; Svein Ø. Solberg; Jaime Prohens; Yu-Yu Chou; Mohamed Rakha; Tien-Hor Wu. 2017. "World Vegetable Center Eggplant Collection: Origin, Composition, Seed Dissemination and Utilization in Breeding." Frontiers in Plant Science 8, no. : 1484-1484.
Cleome gynandra L. is a leafy vegetable native to sub-Saharan Africa and Asia and cultivated on dry areas. The plant plays an important role in the food and nutrition security of local communities. The objective of this study was to illustrate variation and diversity in the Cleome collection held at the World Vegetable Center. In total, 242 accessions were cultivated and morphologically characterized and analyzed. The gynophore and filament, both important organs of the flower, played a key role in taxonomical identification. High morphological variation was detected in traits including plant height, pod length, leaf size, flower color, and earliness. Distinct morphological differentiation was detected between Asian and African accessions. On average, the African accessions were larger, less uniform and later in flowering and seed maturation than the Asian accessions. The results were used to establish a core collection of 49 Cleome accessions. Gaps in the current collection were detected. High within-accessions diversity challenges the existing ex situ conservation system; to maintain diversity, seed should be collected from a large number of plants, both during the collection mission and in ex situ regeneration. The results are relevant for germplasm collection strategies and regeneration protocols for good genebank practices.
Tien-Hor Wu; Svein Øivind Solberg; Flemming Yndgaard; Yu-Yu Chou. Morphological patterns in a world collection of Cleome gynandra. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 2017, 65, 271 -283.
AMA StyleTien-Hor Wu, Svein Øivind Solberg, Flemming Yndgaard, Yu-Yu Chou. Morphological patterns in a world collection of Cleome gynandra. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 2017; 65 (1):271-283.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTien-Hor Wu; Svein Øivind Solberg; Flemming Yndgaard; Yu-Yu Chou. 2017. "Morphological patterns in a world collection of Cleome gynandra." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 65, no. 1: 271-283.
There is extensive duplication of accessions among collection holders globally. To save costs, unwanted duplication should be avoided. This issue has been addressed internationally. In Europe, there are currently 35Brassicacollections located in 24 countries. Duplication may be identified not only by surveying passport data and seed transactions, but also by applying morphological or genetic characterization. Our study included two collections; one at the N. I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources in St. Petersburg (VIR) and one at the Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NGB). A random set of 13 accession pairs or triplets of cabbage, turnip and swede were selected on the basis of identical or similar accession names. The accessions could potentially be regarded as duplicates. Morphological characterization showed that in about 50% the pair/triplet, the accessions were identical and should thus be regarded as duplicate holding. Determining the status of the remaining accessions, which were more or less distinct but had identical or similar names, was more difficult. In this paper, possible explanations for the similarities in names are discussed, as is the need to include characterization in any duplicate assessment process.
Svein Øivind Solberg; Anna Artemyeva; Flemming Yndgaard; Malin Dorre; Jerker Niss; Stephen Burleigh. Duplication assessments inBrassicavegetable accessions. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 2017, 16, 201 -208.
AMA StyleSvein Øivind Solberg, Anna Artemyeva, Flemming Yndgaard, Malin Dorre, Jerker Niss, Stephen Burleigh. Duplication assessments inBrassicavegetable accessions. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization. 2017; 16 (3):201-208.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSvein Øivind Solberg; Anna Artemyeva; Flemming Yndgaard; Malin Dorre; Jerker Niss; Stephen Burleigh. 2017. "Duplication assessments inBrassicavegetable accessions." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 16, no. 3: 201-208.
In Europe, agriculture is highly dependent on imported soybean from South America. Potential alternative sources are protein from peas (Pisum sativum L.) or more local sources like other grain legumes or rapeseed meal (Brassica napus L. subsp. oliefera). These are also good rotation crops. For farmers, protein and yield are key traits. In this study, a dataset containing 37 descriptors and 1222 accessions from a germplasm collection of P. sativum was analyzed. Scatterplot matrixes and tree regression analysis were used to establish the relationship among descriptors and to identify the most important predictors for seed yield and protein content respectively. Number of flowers per plant was shown to be important for seed yield prediction, followed by number of inflorescences per plant and number of pods per plant. In general, a negative correlation between seed protein content and seed yield was detected, but a few accessions that had both high seed yield and high protein content were identified. The results are discussed in relation to crop improvement and the importance of maintaining germplasm collections.
Svein Øivind Solberg; Flemming Yndgaard; Gert Poulsen; Roland Von Bothmer. Seed yield and protein content in the Weibullsholm Pisum collection. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 2017, 64, 2035 -2047.
AMA StyleSvein Øivind Solberg, Flemming Yndgaard, Gert Poulsen, Roland Von Bothmer. Seed yield and protein content in the Weibullsholm Pisum collection. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 2017; 64 (8):2035-2047.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSvein Øivind Solberg; Flemming Yndgaard; Gert Poulsen; Roland Von Bothmer. 2017. "Seed yield and protein content in the Weibullsholm Pisum collection." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 64, no. 8: 2035-2047.
Svein Ø. Solberg; Yu-Yu Chou. Conservation of Indigenous Vegetables from a Hotspot in Tropical Asia: What Did We Learn from Vavilov? Frontiers in Plant Science 2017, 7, 1982 .
AMA StyleSvein Ø. Solberg, Yu-Yu Chou. Conservation of Indigenous Vegetables from a Hotspot in Tropical Asia: What Did We Learn from Vavilov? Frontiers in Plant Science. 2017; 7 ():1982.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSvein Ø. Solberg; Yu-Yu Chou. 2017. "Conservation of Indigenous Vegetables from a Hotspot in Tropical Asia: What Did We Learn from Vavilov?" Frontiers in Plant Science 7, no. : 1982.
Astrid Louise Wester; Unni Gopinathan; Karsten Gjefle; Svein Øivind Solberg; John-Arne Røttingen. Antimicrobial Resistance in a One Health and One World Perspective – Mechanisms and Solutions. International Encyclopedia of Public Health 2017, 140 -153.
AMA StyleAstrid Louise Wester, Unni Gopinathan, Karsten Gjefle, Svein Øivind Solberg, John-Arne Røttingen. Antimicrobial Resistance in a One Health and One World Perspective – Mechanisms and Solutions. International Encyclopedia of Public Health. 2017; ():140-153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAstrid Louise Wester; Unni Gopinathan; Karsten Gjefle; Svein Øivind Solberg; John-Arne Røttingen. 2017. "Antimicrobial Resistance in a One Health and One World Perspective – Mechanisms and Solutions." International Encyclopedia of Public Health , no. : 140-153.
Svein Øivind Solberg; Magnus Göransson; Mikael A. Petersen; Flemming Yndgaard; Simon Jeppson. Caraway essential oil composition and morphology: The role of location and genotype. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 2016, 66, 351 -357.
AMA StyleSvein Øivind Solberg, Magnus Göransson, Mikael A. Petersen, Flemming Yndgaard, Simon Jeppson. Caraway essential oil composition and morphology: The role of location and genotype. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 2016; 66 ():351-357.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSvein Øivind Solberg; Magnus Göransson; Mikael A. Petersen; Flemming Yndgaard; Simon Jeppson. 2016. "Caraway essential oil composition and morphology: The role of location and genotype." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 66, no. : 351-357.
Although one would assume that finding any local cultivars in home gardens in a modern society such as Sweden is unlikely, such cultivars were in fact found. More than 170 seed accessions of vegetables, pulses and other seed-propagated garden crops maintained in home gardens and dating back at least to the 1950s have been assembled following the nationwide ‘Seed Call’. Of these, 32 garden pea accessions were taxonomically characterized and compared with 43 accessions already present in the gene bank. In addition to morphological descriptors, SSR and retrotransposon-based iPBS markers were applied. Based on five SSR markers, potential duplicates could be located within nine pair/groups, or 25% of the accessions. Through combining this analysis with iPBS markers, the potential duplicates were reduced to five pair/groups. Combination of markers and the morphological descriptors further reduced the number to two groups; one group including four wrinkle-seeded accessions and one including two other wrinkle-seeded accessions. A combination of genotypic and phenotypic markers proved a good method to identify true and false duplicates. The results showed that the ‘Seed Call’ complements the NordGen collection and broadens the collection's genetic diversity. No clustering according to region of origin could be found, suggesting that the collected material predominantly represents old cultivars.
Svein Øivind Solberg; Agnese Kolodinska Brantestam; Kerstin Olsson; Matti Wiking Leino; Jens Weibull; Flemming Yndgaard. Diversity in local cultivars of Pisum sativum collected from home gardens in Sweden. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 2015, 62, 194 -203.
AMA StyleSvein Øivind Solberg, Agnese Kolodinska Brantestam, Kerstin Olsson, Matti Wiking Leino, Jens Weibull, Flemming Yndgaard. Diversity in local cultivars of Pisum sativum collected from home gardens in Sweden. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 2015; 62 ():194-203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSvein Øivind Solberg; Agnese Kolodinska Brantestam; Kerstin Olsson; Matti Wiking Leino; Jens Weibull; Flemming Yndgaard. 2015. "Diversity in local cultivars of Pisum sativum collected from home gardens in Sweden." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 62, no. : 194-203.
Ex situ seed banks provide an effective conservation and utilization system for crops and their wild relatives. Efforts are made to reduce genetic drift in conservation, where regeneration is a critical step. In the present study, we examined eight wild populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) according to 13 morphological and phenological traits. Samples of original collected seed were grown and compared with plants from first and second ex situ generation, with commercial cultivars and landraces being included for purposes of comparison. Variance analysis and Tukey multiple comparisons of means showed that the commercial cultivars and landraces were clearly distinct from the wild populations and were excluded from the further analysis. Despite the fact that the wild accessions were collected from a geographically delimited region in Norway, they exhibited significant differences in several of the measured traits. The main phenotypic patterns remain after ex situ regenerations. However, the mean values for four of the examined traits (across accessions) did change significantly from one generation to the next. Two of the eight accessions had significantly changed from one generation to the next, a tendency was observed across all the studied traits. The results were discussed in terms of regeneration circumstances. Observed changes appeared to be directional, going from populations with predominantly wild morphological types towards plants more closely resembling the commercial cultivars. Such a directional change implies that selection or gene flow has been acting on the accessions during regeneration, rather than random changes owing to genetic drift.
Svein O Solberg; Flemming Yndgaard; Anna Palmè. Morphological and phenological consequences of ex situ conservation of natural populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 2015, 15, 97 -108.
AMA StyleSvein O Solberg, Flemming Yndgaard, Anna Palmè. Morphological and phenological consequences of ex situ conservation of natural populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization. 2015; 15 (2):97-108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSvein O Solberg; Flemming Yndgaard; Anna Palmè. 2015. "Morphological and phenological consequences of ex situ conservation of natural populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)." Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization 15, no. 2: 97-108.