Tuberculosis (TB), the leading single infectious diseases killer globally, is driven by poverty. Conversely, having TB worsens impoverishment. During TB illness, lost income and out-of-pocket costs can become “catastrophic”, leading patients to abandon treatment, develop drug-resistance, and die. WHO’s 2015 End TB Strategy recommends eliminating catastrophic costs and providing socioeconomic support for TB-affected people. However, there is negligible evidence to guide the design and implementation of such socioeconomic support, especially in low-income, TB-endemic countries. A national, multi-sectoral workshop was held in Kathmandu, Nepal, on the 11th and 12th September 2019, to develop a shortlist of feasible, locally appropriate socioeconomic support interventions for TB-affected households in Nepal, a low-income country with significant TB burden. The workshop brought together key stakeholders in Nepal including from the Ministry of Health and Population, Department of Health Services, Provincial Health Directorate, Health Offices, National TB Program (NTP); and TB/Leprosy Officers, healthcare workers, community health volunteers, TB-affected people, and external development partners (EDP). During the workshop, participants reviewed current Nepal NTP data and strategy, discussed the preliminary results of a mixed-methods study of the socioeconomic determinants and consequences of TB in Nepal, described existing and potential socioeconomic interventions for TB-affected households in Nepal, and selected the most promising interventions for future randomized controlled trial evaluations in Nepal. This report describes the activities, outcomes, and recommendations from the workshop.

High elevation adventures are popular among travelers; however, they carry significant health risks, such as altitude sickness. This study aims to identify risk factors associated with high altitude sickness among travelers to Mustang district. A health-facility-based, age-sex matched 1:1 case-control study was conducted in Mustang district hospital, Nepal. Measurements included Acute Mountain Sickness/High Altitude Cerebral Edema/High Altitude Pulmonary Edema assessment via LLS questionnaire, demographics, medical history, ascent rate, and prophylactic medicine intake. Data were collected between September and November, 2023 via predesigned structured questionnaire by trained medical officers in, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Using binary logistic regression, the study tested potential risk factors associated with altitude sickness. Ethical approval was obtained from the NHRC, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. A total of 63 cases (individuals with altitude sickness) and 63 controls (without) were interviewed. The mean age of cases and controls was 48.5 years (SD = 16.5) and 48 years (SD = 16.9) respectively. 38 were rapid ascenders, and 88 were slow ascenders. Awareness of altitude sickness was reported by 65 individuals, with 36 taking prophylactic medication (Acetazolamide 125/250mg). Among cases, 8 experienced HACE, 42 had AMS, and 13 had HAPE. Rapid ascent (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 6.41, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.36-17.54), individuals with a previous history of illness (AOR: 10.20, 95% CI: 2.70-38.46), and failing to take prophylactic medication (AOR: 10.01, 95% CI: 1.896-10.680) were linked to an increased risk of altitude sickness. Our study highlights the critical role of ascent speed, previous history of illness, and use of prophylactic measures in development of altitude sickness.