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Dr. Emma Cantisani
Institute for Heritage Science, National Research Council of Italy, via Madonna del Piano 10, Ed. C, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy

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0 archaeometry
0 Archaeological sites
0 Heritage Science
0 Geosciences
0 Building Material Characterization

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Journal article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Italian Journal of Geosciences
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He coastal sight towers and the defensive fortresses were in the past distinctive elements of the coastal landscape. They were distributed in particular along the northern coast of the Mediterranean and were built for sighting purposes from the XVIth century against the raids of barbarian pirates who had their bases in the Maghreb coast.A mineralogical and petrographic characterization of the stone materials and mortars of two coastal towers (i.e. Capodomo and Calamoresca) in ruins of Monte Argentario is shown in the present paper. It was found that local lithotypes (e.g. Calcare Cavernoso, calcitic grey marble, dark grey dolostones) were used as building stones and for production of mortars. A detailed study on mortars was conducted by means of high quality polycrystalline X-ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy. The analysis reveals the presence of Ca and Mg lime-based mortars in the ruins of Capodomo tower, whereas only Ca lime-based mortars were identified in Calamoresca tower.Reaching the towers walking along the paths allows us to know a good part of the lithologies present in the promontory due to the emerging sites in the local morphology; emersion was produced, both because particular lithologies are resistant to the erosion and also because of particular structural or tectonic elements.

ACS Style

Emma Cantisani; Fabio Fratini; Silvia Vettori; Elena Pecchioni; Laura Chelazzi; Andrea Arrighetti. Mineralogical and petrographic study of building materials from the Argentario coastal towers (Tuscan, Italy): anthropic evidence of the ancient landscape. Italian Journal of Geosciences 2021, 140, 155 -166.

AMA Style

Emma Cantisani, Fabio Fratini, Silvia Vettori, Elena Pecchioni, Laura Chelazzi, Andrea Arrighetti. Mineralogical and petrographic study of building materials from the Argentario coastal towers (Tuscan, Italy): anthropic evidence of the ancient landscape. Italian Journal of Geosciences. 2021; 140 (1):155-166.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emma Cantisani; Fabio Fratini; Silvia Vettori; Elena Pecchioni; Laura Chelazzi; Andrea Arrighetti. 2021. "Mineralogical and petrographic study of building materials from the Argentario coastal towers (Tuscan, Italy): anthropic evidence of the ancient landscape." Italian Journal of Geosciences 140, no. 1: 155-166.

Journal article
Published: 15 December 2020 in Heritage
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The PietraAlberese is a marly limestone belonging to the Ligurian series (Monte Morello Formation of Eocene age). It is a material rarely mentioned in the historical Florentine architecture because the Pietraforte, the stone of the Medieval Florence and the Pietra Serena, the stone of the Renaissance, were the main lithotypes commonly used in those periods. Nevertheless, the Pietra Alberese has been widely utilized to build the town, because it is the only limestone cropping out in this part of Tuscany allowing the production of lime. In Prato and Pistoia, the Pietra Alberese was also used as stone (e.g., ashlars) in the structures and façades of many public and religious buildings. In this work, the geological setting and a mineralogical, petrographic and physical characterization of Pietra Alberese used as building stone are proposed together with a discussion about its durability. Moreover, the different compositional and macroscopic characteristics of two lithotypes (namely the sasso alberese and sasso porcino) utilized to produce the two types of lime used in the local traditional architecture (calcina dolce and calcina forte) are highlighted.

ACS Style

Fabio Fratini; Emma Cantisani; Elena Pecchioni; Enrico Pandeli; Silvia Vettori. Pietra Alberese: Building Material and Stone for Lime in the Florentine Territory (Tuscany, Italy). Heritage 2020, 3, 1520 -1538.

AMA Style

Fabio Fratini, Emma Cantisani, Elena Pecchioni, Enrico Pandeli, Silvia Vettori. Pietra Alberese: Building Material and Stone for Lime in the Florentine Territory (Tuscany, Italy). Heritage. 2020; 3 (4):1520-1538.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fabio Fratini; Emma Cantisani; Elena Pecchioni; Enrico Pandeli; Silvia Vettori. 2020. "Pietra Alberese: Building Material and Stone for Lime in the Florentine Territory (Tuscany, Italy)." Heritage 3, no. 4: 1520-1538.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Episodes
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ACS Style

Elena Pecchioni; Fabio Fratini; Enrico Pandeli; Emma Cantisani; And Silvia Vettori. Pietraforte, the Florentine building material from the Middle Ages to contemporary architecture. Episodes 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Elena Pecchioni, Fabio Fratini, Enrico Pandeli, Emma Cantisani, And Silvia Vettori. Pietraforte, the Florentine building material from the Middle Ages to contemporary architecture. Episodes. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Pecchioni; Fabio Fratini; Enrico Pandeli; Emma Cantisani; And Silvia Vettori. 2020. "Pietraforte, the Florentine building material from the Middle Ages to contemporary architecture." Episodes , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2020 in Construction and Building Materials
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Giotto's Bell Tower is known as one of the most important religious buildings of the 14th century in Florence (Italy). Its different construction phases have been well documented over time. The possibility of analyzing mortars collected from different construction phases, allowed us a complete chemical, mineralogical, petrographic, physical and mechanical characterization of these materials, improving the knowledge of building technologies and raw materials used at different times. In addition, knowing the approximate time of production of the mortar samples, it was possible to verify if they are suitable for radiocarbon dating.

ACS Style

Emma Cantisani; Sara Calandra; Serena Barone; Samuele Caciagli; Mariaelena Fedi; Carlo Alberto Garzonio; Lucia Liccioli; Barbara Salvadori; Teresa Salvatici; Silvia Vettori. The mortars of Giotto’s Bell Tower (Florence, Italy): raw materials and technologies. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 267, 120801 .

AMA Style

Emma Cantisani, Sara Calandra, Serena Barone, Samuele Caciagli, Mariaelena Fedi, Carlo Alberto Garzonio, Lucia Liccioli, Barbara Salvadori, Teresa Salvatici, Silvia Vettori. The mortars of Giotto’s Bell Tower (Florence, Italy): raw materials and technologies. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 267 ():120801.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emma Cantisani; Sara Calandra; Serena Barone; Samuele Caciagli; Mariaelena Fedi; Carlo Alberto Garzonio; Lucia Liccioli; Barbara Salvadori; Teresa Salvatici; Silvia Vettori. 2020. "The mortars of Giotto’s Bell Tower (Florence, Italy): raw materials and technologies." Construction and Building Materials 267, no. : 120801.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2020 in Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
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This paper focuses on the application of non-invasive techniques to study a peculiar object, an alchemical codex completely made of lead stored at the State Archive of Florence.1 The sheets of the codex appeared entirely covered by thick and heterogeneous corrosion patinas for which a restoration was planned for their removal. This activity was supported by analytical investigations to characterise the materials that made up the patinas using non-invasive techniques. The codex pages were initially documented with imaging techniques. Subsequently, spectroscopic data were acquired on each sheet using spot analytical techniques: Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (TR FT-IR), Fibre Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The identification of deterioration compounds has been extremely useful for the conservator to deal with the removal of dangerous and disfiguring patinas.

ACS Style

Giovanni Bartolozzi; Susanna Bracci; Emma Cantisani; Roberta Iannaccone; Donata Magrini; Marcello Picollo. Non-invasive techniques applied to the alchemical codex of the State Archive of Florence. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 2020, 240, 118562 .

AMA Style

Giovanni Bartolozzi, Susanna Bracci, Emma Cantisani, Roberta Iannaccone, Donata Magrini, Marcello Picollo. Non-invasive techniques applied to the alchemical codex of the State Archive of Florence. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2020; 240 ():118562.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Bartolozzi; Susanna Bracci; Emma Cantisani; Roberta Iannaccone; Donata Magrini; Marcello Picollo. 2020. "Non-invasive techniques applied to the alchemical codex of the State Archive of Florence." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 240, no. : 118562.