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Zoltán Kovács is a professor of human geography at the University of Szeged, and a research professor at the Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences in Budapest, Hungary. His research focuses on the spatial aspects of mobility and residential segregation, challenges of sustainable development in urban regions.
This article investigates the interconnectedness between neighbourhood diversity and local business structures. For this purpose, interviews with residents and entrepreneurs were conducted in three European cities: Budapest, Copenhagen, and Milan. The results show that diversity in the economic structure of urban neighbourhoods is equally important with regards to residents’ quality of life, the image of the neighbourhood, and local social cohesion. Therefore, the main recommendation is that policy makers should act to preserve the diversity of local business structures, and that the concept of diversity itself should be understood in a broader sense, taking local peculiarities into account.
Szabolcs Fabula; Rikke Skovgaard Nielsen; Eduardo Barberis; Lajos Boros; Anne Hedegaard Winther; Zoltán Kovács. Diversity and local business structure in European urban contexts. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 2021, 70, 65 -80.
AMA StyleSzabolcs Fabula, Rikke Skovgaard Nielsen, Eduardo Barberis, Lajos Boros, Anne Hedegaard Winther, Zoltán Kovács. Diversity and local business structure in European urban contexts. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin. 2021; 70 (1):65-80.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzabolcs Fabula; Rikke Skovgaard Nielsen; Eduardo Barberis; Lajos Boros; Anne Hedegaard Winther; Zoltán Kovács. 2021. "Diversity and local business structure in European urban contexts." Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 70, no. 1: 65-80.
Despite the growing importance of mobile tracking technology in urban planning and traffic forecasting, its utilization in the understanding of the basic laws governing tourist flows remains limited. Knowledge regarding the motivations and spatial behavior of tourists has great potential in sustainable tourism studies. In this paper, we combine social media (Twitter) and mobile positioning data (MPD) in the analysis of international tourism flows in Szeged, a secondary urban center in Hungary. First, the content of geotagged and non-geotagged Twitter messages referring to Szeged in a six-month period of 2018 was analyzed. In this way specific events attracting foreign tourists were identified. Then, using MPD data of foreign SIM cards, visitor peaks in the investigated period were defined. With the joint application of the social media and mobile positioning analytical tools, we were able to identify those attractions (festivals, sport and cultural events, etc.) that generated significant tourism arrivals in the city. Furthermore, using the mixed-method approach we were also able to analyze the movements of foreign visitors during one large-scale tourism event and evaluate its hinterland. Overall, this study supports the idea that social media data should be combined with other real-time data sources, such as MPD, in order to gain a more precise understanding of the behavior of tourists. The proposed analytical tool can contribute to methodological and conceptual development in the field, and information gained by its application can positively influence not only tourism management and planning but also tourism marketing and placemaking.
Zoltán Kovács; György Vida; Ábel Elekes; Tamás Kovalcsik. Combining Social Media and Mobile Positioning Data in the Analysis of Tourist Flows: A Case Study from Szeged, Hungary. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2926 .
AMA StyleZoltán Kovács, György Vida, Ábel Elekes, Tamás Kovalcsik. Combining Social Media and Mobile Positioning Data in the Analysis of Tourist Flows: A Case Study from Szeged, Hungary. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2926.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZoltán Kovács; György Vida; Ábel Elekes; Tamás Kovalcsik. 2021. "Combining Social Media and Mobile Positioning Data in the Analysis of Tourist Flows: A Case Study from Szeged, Hungary." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2926.
Access to urban green spaces and environmental inequalities are increasingly on the agenda in contemporary cities due to increasing density of people, widening social inequalities, and limited access to Urban Green Spaces (UGS). This is even so in post-socialist cities where recent urban sprawl and suburbanisation could be strongly linked to the scarcity of adequate green spaces in the inner-parts of cities. This paper examines the provision and accessibility of public green spaces in Debrecen, a second tier city in post-socialist Hungary, with applying a walking distance approach. Using GIS technology and socio-demographic data of residents the study assesses the availability and accessibility of green spaces in the city, and their social equity. According to research results the geographical distribution of UGS is very uneven in the city, some neighbourhoods lack public green spaces, while others are well-supplied. This is partly due to the natural environment and the post-WWII development of the city. Research findings show that the quality of residential green spaces is generally poor or very poor. Research also confirmed the widening environmental inequalities within the local society. New upmarket residential areas, where the wealthiest section of population reside are rich in high-quality (private) green spaces. Other lower-status neighbourhoods, including some of the socialist housing estates, suffer from the lack of good quality green spaces. Authors argue that environmental justice should be a core concept of city-planning considering not only the officially designated public green spaces, but also other forms of urban green (institutional, private etc.).
György Csomós; Jenő Zsolt Farkas; Zoltán Kovács. Access to urban green spaces and environmental inequality in post-socialist cities. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 2020, 69, 191 -207.
AMA StyleGyörgy Csomós, Jenő Zsolt Farkas, Zoltán Kovács. Access to urban green spaces and environmental inequality in post-socialist cities. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin. 2020; 69 (2):191-207.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGyörgy Csomós; Jenő Zsolt Farkas; Zoltán Kovács. 2020. "Access to urban green spaces and environmental inequality in post-socialist cities." Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 69, no. 2: 191-207.
The loss of farmland to urban use in peri-urban areas is a global phenomenon. Urban sprawl generates a decline in the availability of productive agricultural land around cities, causing versatile conflicts between nature and society and threatening the sustainability of urban agglomerations. This study aimed to uncover the spatial pattern of long-term (80 years) land cover changes in the functional urban area of Budapest, with special attention to the conversion of agricultural land. The paper is based on a unique methodology utilizing various data sources such as military-surveyed topographic maps from the 1950s, the CLC 90 from 1990, and the Urban Atlas from 2012. In addition, the multilayer perceptron (MLP) method was used to model land cover changes through 2040. The research findings showed that land conversion and the shrinkage of productive agricultural land around Budapest significantly intensified after the collapse of communism. The conversion of arable land to artificial surfaces increased, and by now, the traditional metropolitan food supply area around Budapest has nearly disappeared. The extent of forests and grasslands increased in the postsocialist period due to national afforestation programs and the demand of new suburbanites for recreational space. Urban sprawl and the conversion of agricultural land should be an essential issue during the upcoming E.U. Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms.
József Lennert; Jenő Zsolt Farkas; András Donát Kovács; András Molnár; Rita Módos; Dorián Baka; Zoltán Kovács. Measuring and Predicting Long-Term Land Cover Changes in the Functional Urban Area of Budapest. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3331 .
AMA StyleJózsef Lennert, Jenő Zsolt Farkas, András Donát Kovács, András Molnár, Rita Módos, Dorián Baka, Zoltán Kovács. Measuring and Predicting Long-Term Land Cover Changes in the Functional Urban Area of Budapest. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3331.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJózsef Lennert; Jenő Zsolt Farkas; András Donát Kovács; András Molnár; Rita Módos; Dorián Baka; Zoltán Kovács. 2020. "Measuring and Predicting Long-Term Land Cover Changes in the Functional Urban Area of Budapest." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3331.
In this paper we present a complex Ecological Footprint (EF) analysis of one of the largest metropolitan regions in post-socialist East Central Europe, the Budapest Metropolitan Region. Our overall goal is to use both top-down and bottom-up approaches and measure the changes of footprint at a metropolitan scale between 2003 and 2013. Our specific objective is to explore how the spatial rearrangements of wealth, density and consumption influence the spatiotemporal changes of EF. The top-down (compound) calculations indicate growing footprint values both in Hungary and in the Budapest Metropolitan Region in the investigated period. However, household-level hybrid (component-based) calculations revealed decreasing footprint values for Hungary both in absolute and relative terms, and a growth for the metropolitan region. This finding suggests growing income disparities within the country. The indirect (consumption embedded) components of EF findings show that in the core city footprint values are higher due to higher disposable income. However, there is a gradual catching up in the suburban zone as younger and more affluent households arrive. On the other hand, direct per capita footprint values decreased in Budapest and grew in the suburbs between 2003 and 2013, mainly due to a higher heating footprint.
Zoltán Kovács; Gábor Harangozó; Cecília Szigeti; Krisztián Koppány; Attila Csaba Kondor; Balázs Szabó. Measuring the impacts of suburbanization with ecological footprint calculations. Cities 2020, 101, 102715 .
AMA StyleZoltán Kovács, Gábor Harangozó, Cecília Szigeti, Krisztián Koppány, Attila Csaba Kondor, Balázs Szabó. Measuring the impacts of suburbanization with ecological footprint calculations. Cities. 2020; 101 ():102715.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZoltán Kovács; Gábor Harangozó; Cecília Szigeti; Krisztián Koppány; Attila Csaba Kondor; Balázs Szabó. 2020. "Measuring the impacts of suburbanization with ecological footprint calculations." Cities 101, no. : 102715.
Countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have transformed from a centrally planned communist system to a market economy and liberal democracy after 1990. The rapidly changing social and power relations have been gradually manifested in the spatial pattern of cities. After the turn of the millennium, a growing number of papers reported that the regeneration of inner-city neighbourhoods intensified, generating population change in certain areas. Authors writing on urban renewal and gentrification in CEE have been inspired by the typology of gentrification elaborated in Western contexts, even though historical legacies and specific local conditions set serious limitations on the use of such concepts. The aim of this paper is to scrutinise the essential features of urban change and gentrification in post-socialist cities, discussing the main pre-conditions for, actors in and the resulting types of this process. Existing literature in the field has been systematically collected, analysed and compared. According to our findings the classic stage model of gentrification cannot be used in post-socialist cities, partly because the process is still in its infancy and partly because several hybrid forms of gentrification-like processes hide the spatial effects of market-based renewal. The variegated forms of urban change are the result of historical legacies, path dependencies and a set of factors embedded in local contexts. The paper highlights some of the research gaps in the field.
Jan Kubeš; Zoltán Kovács. The kaleidoscope of gentrification in post-socialist cities. Urban Studies 2020, 57, 2591 -2611.
AMA StyleJan Kubeš, Zoltán Kovács. The kaleidoscope of gentrification in post-socialist cities. Urban Studies. 2020; 57 (13):2591-2611.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJan Kubeš; Zoltán Kovács. 2020. "The kaleidoscope of gentrification in post-socialist cities." Urban Studies 57, no. 13: 2591-2611.
Former state-socialist cities were described by the literature as compact and relatively dense urban forms. However, the political transition of 1989–90 has changed the spatial characteristics of these cities, partly due to urban sprawl. Yet, we do not know if such a phenomenon as “sprawl” did exist before 1989. The main aim of this paper is to assess urban expansion in the metropolitan region of Budapest during state-socialism and after the political changes, and measure the intensity of urban sprawl. The main thesis is that urban sprawl did not start with the advent of market forces in 1989–90, but it was already present during state-socialism, however the tempo of sprawl was considerably increased by suburbanization, the dominant form of urban expansion, after 1990. In order to explore the longitudinal land use changes in the Budapest metropolitan region we analyse standardised databases and maps (e.g. military topographic map from 1959, Corine Land Cover database from 1990 and European Urban Atlas from 2012). The discussion is focused, on the one hand, on the growth of urbanized land as an outcome of urban sprawl and the main underpinning factors in different epochs and, on the other hand, on the main driving forces of suburbanization and sprawl. Research results clearly show that urban sprawl has intensified around Budapest after the political changes. This was the result of a complex interplay of socio-economic and political factors, a process driven by the free movement of residents, firms, as well as the reshuffle of the regulatory framework. The study demonstrates that urban sprawl has several negative impacts on social, economic and environmental sustainability in the investigated metropolitan region, which is in line with findings of the literature.
Zoltán Kovács; Jenő Zsolt Farkas; Tamás Egedy; Attila Csaba Kondor; Balázs Szabó; József Lennert; Dorián Baka; Balázs Kohán. Urban sprawl and land conversion in post-socialist cities: The case of metropolitan Budapest. Cities 2019, 92, 71 -81.
AMA StyleZoltán Kovács, Jenő Zsolt Farkas, Tamás Egedy, Attila Csaba Kondor, Balázs Szabó, József Lennert, Dorián Baka, Balázs Kohán. Urban sprawl and land conversion in post-socialist cities: The case of metropolitan Budapest. Cities. 2019; 92 ():71-81.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZoltán Kovács; Jenő Zsolt Farkas; Tamás Egedy; Attila Csaba Kondor; Balázs Szabó; József Lennert; Dorián Baka; Balázs Kohán. 2019. "Urban sprawl and land conversion in post-socialist cities: The case of metropolitan Budapest." Cities 92, no. : 71-81.
Gábor Harangozó; Zoltán Kovács; Attila Csaba Kondor; Balázs Szabó. A budapesti várostérség fogyasztási alapú ökológiai lábnyomának változása 2003 és 2013 között. Területi Statisztika 2019, 59, 97 -123.
AMA StyleGábor Harangozó, Zoltán Kovács, Attila Csaba Kondor, Balázs Szabó. A budapesti várostérség fogyasztási alapú ökológiai lábnyomának változása 2003 és 2013 között. Területi Statisztika. 2019; 59 (1):97-123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGábor Harangozó; Zoltán Kovács; Attila Csaba Kondor; Balázs Szabó. 2019. "A budapesti várostérség fogyasztási alapú ökológiai lábnyomának változása 2003 és 2013 között." Területi Statisztika 59, no. 1: 97-123.
The Hungarian economy has gone through rapid transformation and modernization since the political changes of 1989/90. One of the signs of successful economic restructuring and re-integration to the world economywas the growing role of creative economy. In the present paper we analyse the changing geographical pattern of creative economy in Hungary, based on longitudinal statistical data. Our findings suggest growingcore-periphery relations in the spatial pattern of creative economy, especially cince the recent financial crisis. The relative weight of Budapest and its urban region has been continuously growing and even major regional centres are unable to keep pace with the Hungarian capital. We also found that cities in the Hungarian urban system became highly differentiated according to their attractiveness for creative firms and labour, and there is a growing competition among secondary cities for knowledge based and creative activities. The growing geographical concentration of the creative economy (especially the knowledge intensive industries) is partly the result of previous neoliberal regional and urban policies.
Tamás Egedy; Zoltán Kovács; Balázs Szabó. Changing geography of the creative economy in Hungary at the beginning of the 21st century. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 2018, 67, 275 -291.
AMA StyleTamás Egedy, Zoltán Kovács, Balázs Szabó. Changing geography of the creative economy in Hungary at the beginning of the 21st century. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin. 2018; 67 (3):275-291.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTamás Egedy; Zoltán Kovács; Balázs Szabó. 2018. "Changing geography of the creative economy in Hungary at the beginning of the 21st century." Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 67, no. 3: 275-291.
In post-socialist cities of Central and Eastern Europe, large housing estates became dominant features of post-war housing development. Unlike in Western Europe, these neighbourhoods were not developed for immigrants and the poorest segment of society. Instead, they provided homes for lower middle class and working class families with stable incomes. After the change of regime, however, these neighbourhoods experienced different development trajectories not only on the international but also on national and city levels. With regard to contemporary developments of housing estates, Budapest provides a typical post-socialist case where housing estates are continuously re-evaluated by the people and the market, while socialist legacies leave their imprints on the actual socio-economic developments. This chapter focuses on the development of large housing estates in Budapest and in Hungary before and after the transition. Today, one-fifth of the Hungarian population and one-third of Budapest’s residents live in housing estate neighbourhoods. The main objectives of the study are to display the spatial distribution of different generations of housing estates at the national and city level with special emphasis on their physical and social characteristics. The chapter also sheds light on the consequences of the post-socialist transition on the recent developments of housing estates in Budapest. After almost three decades of transition, debates about housing estates and their future possibilities are still relevant in Hungary and Budapest, because some of these neighbourhoods are experiencing a renaissance in the housing market, attracting younger and better off strata, whereas others show symptoms of socio-economic decline.
Zoltán Kovács; Tamás Egedy; Balázs Szabó. Persistence or Change: Divergent Trajectories of Large Housing Estates in Budapest, Hungary. Housing Estates in Europe 2018, 191 -214.
AMA StyleZoltán Kovács, Tamás Egedy, Balázs Szabó. Persistence or Change: Divergent Trajectories of Large Housing Estates in Budapest, Hungary. Housing Estates in Europe. 2018; ():191-214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZoltán Kovács; Tamás Egedy; Balázs Szabó. 2018. "Persistence or Change: Divergent Trajectories of Large Housing Estates in Budapest, Hungary." Housing Estates in Europe , no. : 191-214.
Szabolcs Fabula; Lajos Boros; Zoltán Kovács; Dániel Horváth; Viktor Pál. Studentification, diversity and social cohesion in post-socialist Budapest. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 2017, 66, 157 -173.
AMA StyleSzabolcs Fabula, Lajos Boros, Zoltán Kovács, Dániel Horváth, Viktor Pál. Studentification, diversity and social cohesion in post-socialist Budapest. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin. 2017; 66 (2):157-173.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzabolcs Fabula; Lajos Boros; Zoltán Kovács; Dániel Horváth; Viktor Pál. 2017. "Studentification, diversity and social cohesion in post-socialist Budapest." Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 66, no. 2: 157-173.
Lajos Boros; Szabolcs Fabula; Dániel Horváth; Zoltán Kovács. Urban diversity and the production of public space in Budapest. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 2016, 65, 209 -224.
AMA StyleLajos Boros, Szabolcs Fabula, Dániel Horváth, Zoltán Kovács. Urban diversity and the production of public space in Budapest. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin. 2016; 65 (3):209-224.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLajos Boros; Szabolcs Fabula; Dániel Horváth; Zoltán Kovács. 2016. "Urban diversity and the production of public space in Budapest." Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 65, no. 3: 209-224.
This paper investigates the role of national policies in the process of metropolization and metropolitan region building in Budapest. In the long term, the example of Budapest clearly shows the twists and turns of national policy-making between concentration to increase competitiveness and equal distribution designed to enhance social integration. The geographical and geopolitical position of Budapest has altered significantly since the collapse of communism. From the periphery of Moscow, the city and its hinterland became a political, economic and cultural centre of Central Europe. Therefore, it is an intriguing question if national policies actively build on the role of Budapest as engine of economic restructuring and a gateway to the global flows of capital and innovation. The paper provides a critical analysis of current policies with special attention to the process of metropolitan region building. As research findings show, policy-making in Hungary has not focused on metropolisation and metropolitan region building in the last two decades. Policy-making has had a clear follow-up character and decision-makers from the administrative side could not efficiently contribute to metropolisation and enhance the competitiveness of the metropolitan region.
Tamás Egedy; Zoltán Kovács; Attila Csaba Kondor. Metropolitan region building and territorial development in Budapest: the role of national policies. International Planning Studies 2016, 22, 14 -29.
AMA StyleTamás Egedy, Zoltán Kovács, Attila Csaba Kondor. Metropolitan region building and territorial development in Budapest: the role of national policies. International Planning Studies. 2016; 22 (1):14-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTamás Egedy; Zoltán Kovács; Attila Csaba Kondor. 2016. "Metropolitan region building and territorial development in Budapest: the role of national policies." International Planning Studies 22, no. 1: 14-29.
The concept of gentrification has been extensively used in post-socialist context in association with neighbourhood renewal processes, despite the exact meaning of the term and its social effects not always being sufficiently clarified. This paper builds upon empirical research from downtown Budapest. Our investigation primarily focused on the interplay of three groups of stakeholders involved in urban renewal: politicians, investors and residents. On the basis of our multi-dimensional analysis, we could identify three main types of upgrading: classical gentrification (with two sub-types), as well as incumbent upgrading and soft forms of revitalisation. In the studied neighbourhoods, a mixture of these forms of upgrading could be identified, reflecting a diversified rejuvenation. Gentrification was spatially limited to poverty ridden neighbourhoods subject to local government organised regeneration programmes. The predominance of soft forms of revitalisation is a function of housing market mechanisms as well as the planning control of local districts, which in general together create a healthy social mix despite pervasive regeneration activities.
Zoltán Kovács; Reinhard Wiessner; Romy Zischner. Beyond gentrification: Diversified neighbourhood upgrading in the inner city of Budapest. Geografie 2015, 120, 251 -274.
AMA StyleZoltán Kovács, Reinhard Wiessner, Romy Zischner. Beyond gentrification: Diversified neighbourhood upgrading in the inner city of Budapest. Geografie. 2015; 120 (2):251-274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZoltán Kovács; Reinhard Wiessner; Romy Zischner. 2015. "Beyond gentrification: Diversified neighbourhood upgrading in the inner city of Budapest." Geografie 120, no. 2: 251-274.
Szymon Marcinczak; Tiit Tammaru; Jakub Novák; Michael Gentile; Zoltán Kovács; Jana Temelová; Vytautas Valatka; Anneli Kährik; Balázs Szabó. Patterns of Socioeconomic Segregation in the Capital Cities of Fast-Track Reforming Postsocialist Countries. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 2014, 105, 183 -202.
AMA StyleSzymon Marcinczak, Tiit Tammaru, Jakub Novák, Michael Gentile, Zoltán Kovács, Jana Temelová, Vytautas Valatka, Anneli Kährik, Balázs Szabó. Patterns of Socioeconomic Segregation in the Capital Cities of Fast-Track Reforming Postsocialist Countries. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 2014; 105 (1):183-202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzymon Marcinczak; Tiit Tammaru; Jakub Novák; Michael Gentile; Zoltán Kovács; Jana Temelová; Vytautas Valatka; Anneli Kährik; Balázs Szabó. 2014. "Patterns of Socioeconomic Segregation in the Capital Cities of Fast-Track Reforming Postsocialist Countries." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 105, no. 1: 183-202.
Zoltan Kovacs; Ivan Tosics. Urban Sprawl on the Danube. Confronting Suburbanization 2014, 33 -64.
AMA StyleZoltan Kovacs, Ivan Tosics. Urban Sprawl on the Danube. Confronting Suburbanization. 2014; ():33-64.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZoltan Kovacs; Ivan Tosics. 2014. "Urban Sprawl on the Danube." Confronting Suburbanization , no. : 33-64.
Tünde Szabó; Balázs Szabó; Zoltan Kovacs. Polycentric urban development in post-socialist context: the case of the Budapest Metropolitan Region. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 2014, 63, 287 -301.
AMA StyleTünde Szabó, Balázs Szabó, Zoltan Kovacs. Polycentric urban development in post-socialist context: the case of the Budapest Metropolitan Region. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin. 2014; 63 (3):287-301.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTünde Szabó; Balázs Szabó; Zoltan Kovacs. 2014. "Polycentric urban development in post-socialist context: the case of the Budapest Metropolitan Region." Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 63, no. 3: 287-301.
The paper deals with the definition of main urban objects and processes concerning urbanization. This paper is part of a thematic set of five articles published in the “Urban Geography” category of the current journal issue. These papers review key terms and concepts used in geographic urban studies in Russia, France, and other European countries (in addition to the current paper, see also the following articles: “Cities, Rural Areas and Urbanization: Russia and the World”, “Integrated Forms of Urban Settlement Pattern in Russia, Europe, and Worldwide”, “Types of Cities in Russia and Across the Globe”, “Cities and Social Processes: Rethinking Notions and Concepts”).
I. Brade; Zoltan Kovacs. City and countryside under world-wide urbanization. Regional Research of Russia 2014, 4, 76 -79.
AMA StyleI. Brade, Zoltan Kovacs. City and countryside under world-wide urbanization. Regional Research of Russia. 2014; 4 (2):76-79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Brade; Zoltan Kovacs. 2014. "City and countryside under world-wide urbanization." Regional Research of Russia 4, no. 2: 76-79.
Zoltán Kovács; Gábor Hegedűs. Gated communities as new forms of segregation in post-socialist Budapest. Cities 2014, 36, 200 -209.
AMA StyleZoltán Kovács, Gábor Hegedűs. Gated communities as new forms of segregation in post-socialist Budapest. Cities. 2014; 36 ():200-209.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZoltán Kovács; Gábor Hegedűs. 2014. "Gated communities as new forms of segregation in post-socialist Budapest." Cities 36, no. : 200-209.
Zoltán Kovács. New post-socialist urban landscapes: The emergence of gated communities in East Central Europe. Cities 2014, 36, 179 -181.
AMA StyleZoltán Kovács. New post-socialist urban landscapes: The emergence of gated communities in East Central Europe. Cities. 2014; 36 ():179-181.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZoltán Kovács. 2014. "New post-socialist urban landscapes: The emergence of gated communities in East Central Europe." Cities 36, no. : 179-181.