Background and Objectives: The widespread use of tobacco has evolved with the popularity of vapes, especially among young people, despite the lack of clarity in warnings about their risks. Studies indicate the need for more effective communication about the oral risks of vaping. In addition to systemic, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects, vaping is associated with an increased risk of gingivitis and periodontal disease as well as reduced antioxidant capacity of saliva. The objectives of this narrative review are to summarize the existing information in the literature on the effects of vaping at the oral level and to bring together knowledge about the mechanism of action of vaping in oral tissues. Materials and Methods: In the present study, articles were searched in PubMed, Elsevier Scopus, and Web of Science using the keywords “oral health”, “vaping”, and “vape”. Studies published in the last 6 years that addressed the effects of oral vaping were selected, including comparisons among vape users, smokers, and non-smokers. Repeated articles, prior to 2017 and in languages other than English, were excluded. Two review authors (A.M.I and M.F.E.M) independently selected the papers based on titles and abstracts and conducted a full review of the remaining papers. In cases of disagreement, a third reviewer was used. Results: A total of 113 results were obtained, distributed as 16 from PubMed, 35 from Web of Science, and 62 from Elsevier Scopus. After removing duplicates, 67 articles were filtered by reviewing titles and abstracts, and finally, 22 articles were selected for comprehensive reading. Subsequently, eight of these articles were chosen for qualitative synthesis and are presented in standardized tables. The sample size of all included studies was composed of 31,647 participants, (14,477 male and 17,170 female) with a mean of 35.016 ± 7.57 years of age. Conclusions: This review indicates that the use of vapes is associated with an increased risk of periodontitis and caries. Although users experience more oral problems than non-smokers, these are less severe than those of traditional smokers. The widespread prevalence, especially among young people, highlights the urgency of awareness campaigns to warn of risks and understand potential harm.

The use of fiberglass in dentistry has increased due to the improvements in the development of adhesive techniques reducing the cost of treatment and avoiding abutment tooth craving. The present study aims to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the new technique to fabricate a direct fiber-reinforced composite bridge (FRCB) over a long period of time. Twenty-one FRCB were performed with the new direct technique on 21 patients with a mean age of 58.85 years and female predominance in the Faculty of Dentistry of Oviedo (Spain). The framework design releases the embrasures allowing adequate interproximal brushing, avoidance of periodontal disease and interproximal caries. A baseline examination was performed and the patients were examined regularly at six-month intervals (nine years’ follow-up). The restorations were also evaluated by an examiner using parameters to check their stability, longevity and the lack of periodontal disease. The most frequent location was the maxillary premolar region and the purpose of the restorations was to give a definitive bridge in 100% of the patients. Only one total debonding of the prostheses was detected during the observation period at 24 months and three partial adhesive–cohesive veneering composite fractures at the pontic after 60, 72 and 84 months, respectively. Kaplan–Meier was performed to detect the overall survival rate of the restorations at the end of the follow-up. Nine-year survival rates for the FRCB was 95.2%. All the cases had a clinically acceptable periodontal condition and an interproximal absence of caries in the abutment teeth. Currently, this type of restoration allows a minimally invasive aesthetic and is an affordable procedure, being a good alternative to other types of treatments.

Artificial intelligence is an emerging tool that is being used in multiple fields, including dentistry. An example of this is the diagnosis of periodontal bone loss by analyzing two-dimensional (2D) radiographs (periapical, bitewing, and panoramic). Objectives: The objectives of this systematic review are to bring together the existing evidence and evaluate the effectiveness of the different artificial intelligence architectures that have been used in recent studies. Materials and Methods: This work has been carried out following the PRISMA criteria and has been recorded in PROSPERO (ID = CRD 42025640049). We searched six different databases, and the results were filtered according to previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. We extracted data independently by three review authors and analyzed the risk of bias of the studies using the QUADAS-2 test, calculating Cohen’s kappa index (κ) to measure the agreement between assessors. Results: We included 20 diagnostic accuracy studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, published between 2019 and 2024. All included studies described the detection of periodontal bone loss on radiographs. Limitations: One of the main limitations identified was heterogeneity in the indices used to assess the accuracy of models, which made it difficult to compare results between studies. In addition, many works use different imaging protocols and X-ray equipment, introducing variability into the data and limiting reproducibility. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence is a promising technique for the automated detection of periodontal bone loss, allowing the accurate measurement of bone loss, identifying lesions such as apical periodontitis and stage periodontitis, in addition to reducing diagnostic errors associated with fatigue or inexperience. However, improvements are still required to optimize its accuracy and clinical applicability.